Abstract: Unlike commercial and government structures, volunteer organizations are not widely covered in the scientific literature. Volunteerism is examined from the perspective of the motivation of the participants, their value orientation, and the level of engagement in the voluntary activity. It is no coincidence that France was selected for this comparative research, as its similarities and differences are of particular importance for the results of the study. Legal regulation of the activity of Voluntary People's Detachment (Druzhina) in Russia has its own peculiarities, as well as borrowings from the foreign experience. The author compares the Russian and French legislation, taking into account that in the Russian language the words “volunteer” and “voluntary servant” are synonymous, but not identical, while the French language uses only the neutral word “volunteer”. France has no equivalent of the Voluntary People's Druzhina; however, it has the volunteer fire squads. Therefore, comparison is conducted by the legal status of domestic and foreign volunteers. It reveals in which country the legislator is more effective in encouraging the population to participate in volunteer activity, and namely maintenance of order.

Keywords: civic duty, police assistance brigade, workers’ and peasants’ armed formations, municipal militia, October revolution, protection of public order, legal regulation, few-country comparison, voluntary people’s squad, Volunteer

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the institution of denunciation as a specific form of disclosure of illegal and unfair practices. For determination of the conceptual legal meaning of denunciation and its prospects for modern Russia as anti-corruption legal institution, this article coordinates the interdisciplinary scientific results of research on denunciation, analyzes and summarizes the international (UN, EU) and national (United States, Great Britain, South Korea, Brazil, China, Albania, Kazakhstan, and Ukraine) regulatory approaches towards denunciation, and similar forms of disclosure of offenses. The article reveals the current state of the Russian legislation in this sphere. The research employs the methods of dogmatic analysis, comparative-legal and systemic-analytical toolset. The author correlates denunciation and denunciator with such concepts as “denouncement”, “actio popularis”, “reporting party”, “informant” and “whistleblower”; determines the twelve characteristics of denunciation, which collectively define it as a special form of information disclosure. The conclusion is made that the variants of legal regulation of denunciation are built around or within such issues as the protection of denunciator, his interaction with the authorized entities and remuneration, as well as the conclusion on the absence of specific legal means in the current Russian legislation that ensure denunciation as the social institution. The author formulates recommendations on amending the labor, administrative, criminal and procedural legislation aimed at implementation of measures for protecting the denunciators.

Keywords: award, qui tam provision, civil control, whistleblower, disclosure, denunciation, anti-corruption, corruption, incentive, protection

Abstract: Current state of the world economy and the development of private law institutions implies limited interference of the government in the activity of the actors of social relations based on their equality, autonomy of will, and property autonomy. Foreign experience demonstrates that the transfer of certain public functions from the government to nongovernmental or private entities yields positive results. One of such spheres of activity is the enforcement of court decisions and acts of other branches, which in a number of countries is carried out by private executors. At the same time, the effectiveness of the nongovernmental model of enforcement proceedings first and foremost depends on the quality of legal regulation. This article is dedicated to the analysis of Russian and foreign models of enforcement proceedings. The authors explore the mechanisms of denationalization of the state system of enforcement of executive documents and the prospects for its implementation in the Russian Federation. The scientific novelty of the research consists in the development of the key vectors of reforming the system of enforcement proceedings in the Russian Federation associated with partial transfer of the authority on enforcement of executive documents from bailiffs to private enforcement agents. It is noted that recently the rate of enforcement of executive documents has not been sufficient to indicate the effectiveness of enforcement proceedings, which is primarily substantiated by the increased workload of bailiffs. The conclusion is made on the need to reform the mixed model of enforcement proceedings in the Russian Federation, which includes two links: governmental and nongovernmental. The basic characteristics of such a model are formulated.

Keywords: mixed model, private model, the state model, denationalization, foreign experience, bailiff, enforcement proceedings, enforcement, private bailiffs, executive documents

Abstract: The object of this research is the correlation between public law and private law principles in the context regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The subject of this research is the norms of the Russian and Tajik legislation that regulates the procedure of using assisted reproduction technologies, as well as public law and private law principles of their regulation. The scientific novelty of this work lies in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the relevant problematic on correlation between public law and private law principles in the context of regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan (taking into account the contradiction and conflicts of law of these legal relations). The author’s special contribution lies formulation of the original proposals for the progressive solution to the problem of correlation between public law and private law principles in regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan.

Keywords: Republic of Tajikistan, Russian Federation, conflicts, private legal principles, public legal principles, assisted reproductive technologies, method of ART, contradictions of legal regulation, conception, childbearing

Abstract: The subject of this research is the anti-corruption legal regulation with regards to public officials from the perspective of balance between centralization and decentralization of such regulation. The goal lies in critical analysis of the established normative framework in the area of prevention of corruption for assessing the effectiveness of the applied mechanism of legal regulation. Anti-corruption legal regulation is characterized with multiplicity of normative acts, distribution or duplication of the normative legal content of acts of superior legal force in the acts of inferior legal force. Special attention is given to the examples of decentralization of anti-corruption regulation and methods of ensuring its coherence. The author provides the examples of centralization of anti-corruption regulation, which stemmed from the development of anti-corruption instruments. The conducted research allowed making recommendations on systematization of anti-corruption legislation with centralization and comprehensive anti-corruption regulation with regards to public officials. The key decrees of the President of the Russian Federation in the sphere of anti-corruption regulation with regards to public officials have been adopted over the period from 2009 to 201, and require refinement, taking into consideration the accumulated experience of their legal enforcement. The author also suggest legislating the content of the principle of uniform state policy in the sphere of prevention of corruption.

Keywords: prohibitions, restrictions, decentralization, centralization, public official, anti-corruption regulation, anti-corruption, requirements, obligations, principle of legal economy