Abstract: Clematis is one of the highly ornamental plants used in landscaping, but they are often susceptible to diseases as a result of abiotic and biotic factors action. The article presents an overview of diseases and pests of clematis. Among them, wilt is especially dangerous, which leads to a sharp withering of plants. Also, clematis can be affected by rust, powdery mildew, gray rot, various types of spotting, etc., as well as pests nematode, worm, aphids, spider mite, slugs, etc. Information on pest control and diseases of clematis is presented. Possible signs of weakening of non-infectious plants are indicated. The diseases identified during the visual examination of clematis in the Botanical Garden-Institute of VSUT (Yoshkar-Ola) are given. The plants grow on the lianas site of the Fruticetum exposition. Wilting was observed in plants older than 20 years: symptoms were detected in 1/3 of plants. Most of the collection plants showed signs of spotting. In some varietal clematis, small-leaved was observed. Damage by leaf-eating insects and mice, as well as mechanical damage from hail and rain were revealed. Agrotechnical measures carried out for the prevention of diseases are presented. The obtained data can be used in the practice of growing clematis at the landscaping facilities of settlements in the region.

Keywords: growing plants, agrotechnical measures, preventive measures, control measures, pests, diseases, treatment of plants, liana, Clematis, botanical garden

Abstract: The adoption of numerous agricultural development projects presupposes their assessment from the point of view of regulating its interaction with the natural environment. In the projects, the legislator's ideas and ideas about the combination of objective laws of nature and legal laws are visible, the importance of natural resources for the development of the agro-industrial complex is reflected, and the proper natural environment is perceived as a condition for further development of agriculture, and not as an object of protection. In general, preference is given to the impact of the natural environment on agriculture, rather than agriculture on the environment. Agricultural projects differ from environmental legislation aimed at ensuring environmental protection by the agro-industrial complex. In projects, as well as acts on the development of agriculture, priority is given to protecting the agro-industrial complex from the negative effects of the forces of nature, their use in the interests of improving food well-being, and not protecting the environment from pollution during agricultural production, although it becomes one of the most important pollutants of nature. Such a bias should be gradually corrected and agricultural development projects should include not only its dependence on nature, measures to overcome it, but also ways of conducting such agricultural production that will negatively affect the quality of the environment to a minimum.

Keywords: state policy, orders, resolutions, by-laws, laws, decrees, strategies, state programs, agriculture, environment

Abstract: Climate has a significant impact on agricultural production. The development of climate legislation is currently relevant for both national and international legislation. The period after the accession of the Russian Federation to the Paris Agreement was marked by the adoption of a large number of regulatory legal acts in the field of climate protection, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. However, this institute began its development long before this event – with scientific research and public interest, and went from international recognition of the global goal and consolidation of the principles of climate protection to the implementation of individual norms into national legislation, first, and then in the form of the formation of a system of legal regulation. This article is devoted to understanding from a legal point of view the process of legal institutionalization of public relations in the field of climate protection and, including the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions. Since our country's accession to the Paris Agreement, there has been a process of active formation of legal norms in the field of climate protection and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions, both at the level of federal laws and subordinate regulatory legal acts, as well as through the adjustment of legal norms of related legislation. That is, public relations are consolidated through the norms of law, public legal and private-law ways of influencing participants in legal relations developing in the field of climate protection and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions in Russia.

Keywords: environment, legal institution, greenhouse gas, limitation of emissions, climate protection, legal institutionalization, global warming, agriculture, legislation, law

Abstract: Russia's special military operation against Ukraine (SVO) has a significant impact on the socio-economic situation in the area of operation and adjacent regions. The impact on agricultural production is expressed in many cases in its complete cessation, but the exact extent of this is unknown. Based on the archive of Landsat, Sentinel-2 and MODIS satellite data, contained on the VEGA Internet service of the Space Research Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the dynamics of winter crops acreage in the area of the operation was analyzed. For this purpose, winter crop masks for the period 2018-2023, compiled on the basis of MODIS data, were used. Additionally, the delineation of zones with winter crops was carried out visually based on Landsat, Sentinel-2 satellite data obtained in late fall and early spring. It was found that in the 2022/2023 season, winter crops decreased significantly. Compared to the season before the SVO, winter cropping areas decreased in the Luhansk People's Republic and Donetsk People's Republic by 30%, in Kherson and Zaporizhzhya oblasts almost unchanged, in Kharkiv oblast of Ukraine decreased by 50%, and in Dnipropetrovsk oblast - by 20%. The area of winter crops in the Republic of Crimea increased by 40%. The territory of area reduction is clearly confined to the zone of confrontation between Russian and Ukrainian troops. The winter crops in other regions of Ukraine and Russia have not been significantly affected by the SVO at the moment.

Keywords: agricultural statistics, conflict, remote sensing methods, crop monitoring, Russia, Ukraine, MODIS, Sentinel-2, Landsat, winter crops acreage