Review:  
The subject of this research is the decisions of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation pertinent to methodological questions of computation of the value added tax, namely the peculiarities of taxation of prepayments towards upcoming delivery of goods (execution of work, rendering services). The author examines the provisions of the Ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation of 11.08.2018 No. 2796-O, which formulates the legal position on the question of establishing tax period essential for the buyer to restore the tax that was previously deducted for the transferred prepayment. Research methodology relies on the systematic analysis of tax legislation and established arbitration practice. Leaning on the conducted analysis of the provisions of tax legislation and decision of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, it is determined that taxation depends on the economic activity of a taxpayer and is affected by multiple factors, which requires constant improvement of tax legislation. In conclusion, the author underlines the need for clarification of tax rules. The novelty of this work consist in proposal of the new algorithm for computation of the value added tax on prepayments, which would allow reducing efforts in maintaining tax records among taxpayers, as well as alleviate the risks for additional charge of tax and fines by fiscal authorities.
 

Keywords: vat tax deductions, prepaid expense, prepayment, source of law, tax law, VAT recovery, constitutional Court, VAT, vat tax period, office check

Review: The relevance of this research is defined by the growing share of unreported employment and the need for elaboration of tax mechanisms, which would promote legalization of income that is currently not being taxed. The subject of this research is the taxation experiment on self-employed citizens. The goal lies characterization of the key vectors of taxation experiment on self-employed citizens, as well as development of proposals for assessing its efficiency. The author systematizes the norms the Taxation Code of the Russian Federation, federal and regional tax legislation, taxation statistics data, as well as outlines the changes to the experiment due to COVID -19 pandemic. The article provides an overview of the theoretical views of Russian scholars on the advantages and disadvantages of self-employment tax. it is proven that the current stage of the experiment can be considered successful based on substantial increase in the number of taxpayers and the volume of tax revenue. The scientific novelty consists in the development of approaches towards assessing the efficiency of taxation of self-employed citizens. The author proposes indicators that can be used for assessing efficiency of the experiment until 2028:  volume of tax revenue, number of taxpayers, number of tax disputes, tax arrears, amount of accrued dues, changes in tax revenue for other types of taxes that would replace self-employment tax.

Keywords: appraisal, efficiency, professional income tax, income, self-employment, tax experiment, law, collection of taxes, special tax regime, taxpayer

Keywords: legal responsibility, financial and legal responsibility, tax responsibility, tax violations, fiscal interest, public law, financial law, tax law, financial violations, administrative law

Review: This article examines the available approaches towards tax incentivization of the activity of subjects in the industrial and innovative clusters. Analysis is conducted on the tax benefits that could be received by the residents of preferential regimes, such as special economic zones, free economic zones, territories of advanced socioeconomic development within the framework of membership in the Skolkovo Innovation Center, as well as regime for the participants of innovative scientific and technological centers. The peculiarity this research is that tax incentives are examined from the perspective of their relevance on each stage of the lifecycle of an industrial product and innovation. The author's special contribution lies in the selected approach towards assessment of the effect of preferential tax regimes from the standpoint of the development of industrial and innovative clusters. The main conclusions are as follows:
1. Currently existing territorial regimes of taxation are aimed primarily at attraction of new investments to the Russian regions and include a range of tax support measures effective for the limited period on the first stage of lifecycle of the product or innovation;
2. From the perceptive of stimulation of participation in the industrial clusters, the available preferential regimes contain attractive and essential benefits for manufacturing industrial products, however, traditional regimes, such as special economic zones and territories of advanced socioeconomic development, no longer meet the needs of innovative companies. For stimulation of participation in the innovative clusters, tax regime for the Skolkovo Innovation Center currently seems most attractive.
3. Due to the fact that the existing regimes of special economic zones, free economic zones, territories of advanced socioeconomic development are aimed at the attraction of investment and focused on the first years of implementation of the project. For incentivization of the qualitative development of industrial and innovative clusters it is reasonable to assess the possibility of more even distribution of tax benefits or introduce other long-term methods of support.

Keywords: cluster development, innovation, industrial product, life cycle stages, innovation cluster, industrial cluster, special zones, tax benefit, tax incentives, residents of special zones

Review: The subject of this article is the analysis of aggregated tax indicators of the activity of controlled foreign corporations: the amount of tax payable; the number of controlled foreign corporations; the number of taxpayers who control them. The author analyzes tax indicators of the activity of controlled foreign corporations owned by tax residents of the Russian Federation on corporate income tax and personal income tax; as well as examines potential proceeds from tax imposed on personal fixed income, which will be applicable for 2020. Research methodology is based on the key provisions of international taxation; tax analysis is conducted according to the open data from the reports of the Federal Tax Service for the period from 2015 to 2019 in the federal and regional context with application of analytical, comparative and statistical methods. The scientific novelty consists in interpretation of results acquired from the analysis of tax indicators of the activity of controlled foreign corporations, which allowed spotting trends in their dynamics for determination of feasible variants of tax regulation of such companies. The conclusion is made that the number of taxpayers who control such corporations has grown, but the taxes assessed on the profit of CFC has decreased. The spotted trends in the dynamics of tax indicators of the activity of CFC owned by tax residents of the Russian Federation demonstrate the promising trend of their tax regulation is not as a punitive fiscal function, but rather stimulating, which implies introduction into the Russian tax field of more corporations owned by tax residents of the Russian Federation that are located in the offshore and transit jurisdictions.

Keywords: tax resident, transit jurisdictions, tax, tax on fixed income, personal income tax, corporate income tax, CFC, tax analysis, controlled foreign company, offshore

Keywords: Permanent establishment, Reduction of the tax base, Tax Code, OECD, Double tax treaty, Profit tax, Parent foreign organization, The principle of attraction, The calculation of the tax base, Transfer of expenses