Review: This article examines the organization of strategic planning of infrastructure systems within economic space of a region. The subject of this research is the processes of strategic planning of regional infrastructure systems. The goal consists in determination of peculiarities of strategic planning of the development of electric power infrastructure systems within economic space of a region. The theoretical-methodological framework contains the theories of spatial development, strategic planning, infrastructure systems and method of assessment of their impact upon socioeconomic development of the territories. The characteristic of infrastructure systems as the object of strategic planning are described. From the perspective of institutional approach, the author reveals the peculiarities of formation of the development strategy of regional infrastructure systems, and multilevel nature of the subjects of planning. Analysis is conducted on organization of strategic planning pf spatial infrastructure systems in regional development management on the example of electric power industry. The article explores the institutional environment for the development of the electric power infrastructure in the Russian Federation based on the analysis of terms and periodicity of preparing strategic documents and agreeing to the development goals. The strategic risks caused by failure of implementation of strategic planning documents are identified. Analysis of the balance between strategic investment and socioeconomic planning of territorial development and electric power infrastructure is carries out on the example of Sverdlovsk Oblast. The author outlines the relevant objectives of strategic planning for the development of infrastructure systems, which consist in ensuring connectedness, synchronicity of development plans of territorial development with the development of infrastructure, coherence of planning processes, implementation of development strategies of the regions and corporate sector.

Keywords: infrastructure system, regional development, power industry, infrastructure, strategic planning, region, strategy, regional administration, economic space, regional economy

Review: This article is dedicated to examination of factors influencing the economic and financial cooperation of countries with developing market, namely EAEU, SCO and BRICS, by means of building a gravity model of trade. Special attention is given to affiliation of the countries to former USSR. The established timeframe starts with the crisis for Russia 2014 and continuous until the present. The subject of this research is the economic and financial relations emerged in the process of cooperation of EAEU, SCO and BRICS member-states with developing market. The author examines the factors affecting economic and financial cooperation of these countries, such as the size of external trade, gross domestic product per capita, trade openness index, currency appreciation rate of importing and exporting countries, distance between the countries, affiliation of the country with developing market to EAEU, SCO and BRICS. Using econometric methods, the author determines the factors impacting the cooperation of countries with developing markets within the three blocks – EAEU, SCO and BRICS based on the gravity model of international trade. This defines the scientific novelty of this work. The peculiarity of this model consists in availability of lag exchange rates. Inclusion of lag in reference to the currency rate of the exporter led to exclusion of 2014 data from sampling. The acquired results should be taken into account Russia’s cooperation on bilateral and multilateral basis within the framework of EAEU, SCO and BRICS.

Keywords: Sino-Russian cooperation, gravity model, international economic relations, world economy, international trade, international finance, econometrics, EAEU, BRICS, SCO

Review: The subject of this research is the measures for halting the flow of bribes (product of the number of bribes by the average value). One of the key factors of corruption rampant in modern Russia consists in the weak stimuli and absence of adequate motivation among the representatives of law enforcement agencies. The research was conducted using the methods of mathematical modeling, and is based on the assumption that penal sanctions are the only punishment intended for the official caught in the act of accepting the bribe. In order for the controller who imposes penalty not to have stimulus to accept a bribe from the official in the amount lower than the amount of penalty for concealing his offence, the penalty becomes the property of the controller in full. It is assumed that each of the parties aims for maximization of their net income. Conditions are established, under which the flow of bribes a) only increases, b) along with efforts of the controller, makes periodic fluctuations in time, c) monotonously tends to zero.

Keywords: probability of punishment, crime, mathematical model, penalties, punishment, stimulus, giving a bribe, Taking a bribe, expected punishment, amount of fine

Review: The subject of this research is the labor resources (employed, unemployed, and persons not in the labor force). The object of this research is the Russian Federation. The article reviews various opinions of the scholars on the concept of “labor resources”. As a result, the authors proposed the original perspective on the concept of labor resources. The article examines the essence of labor resources from the standpoint of national economy, as well as the structure of labor resources. The research materials on the dynamics of labor resources (labor force and persons who in the labor force) for the period from January 2019 to June 2020 are provided. The conclusion is made that the overall dynamics of labor resources of active working age is consistent, despite negative impact of COVID-19 pandemic upon the economy and seasonal (spring-autumn period) fluctuations related to the influx of workers involved in such seasonal activities as agriculture, fishing, mining industry, water and river transport, etc. The acquired data indicate on the possibility of insignificant reduction of labor resources of active working age in July, August and September 2020. The authors forecast the number of labor resources of the active working age for that period.

Keywords: rate of increase, growth rate, working age, economically active population, workforce structure, unemployed, employed, labor force, labor resources, average growth rate

Review: This article, based on the analysis of the provisions of economic science, characterizes the peculiarities of different economic models – socially oriented, “green”, innovation, and digital, which allowed formulating the advantages and disadvantages for economic agents in the context of transition to each model. Emphasis is usually placed on the positive aspects of replacement of general vector of economic development; however, reluctance of an individual, society, state, and its structural units to reforms can become a threat to the economic security of the territory, instigating the emergence of borderline states – conditionally safe, pseudo-safe, and those evolving into dangerous if neglected. Therefore, the goal of this article lies in clarification of the attributes of the aforementioned schemes that substantiates the need for transition of the Russian Federation towards the model of general-purpose geographically oriented economy. The author argues the opinion according to which shift of the vector of economic development in public legal entities of different level should be implemented with consideration of their internal capacity, and neglect of its state can lead to the emergence of borderline states of economy of the territory on the grounds of protection from negative activities – conditionally safe, pseudo-safe. Due to high degree of differentiation of the Russian regions, the model of general-purpose geographically oriented economy that focuses on the local specificities is proposed for avoiding the growing imbalances. The obtained results are aimed at broadening of the provisions of economic science. The authorial approach towards restructuring of the economic model applicable to the constituent entities of the Russian Federation would allow minimizing the unsuccessful attempts of changing the socioeconomic vector of their development.

Keywords: economic pseudo-security, economic security, digital economy, green economy, economy of innovation, socially oriented economy, region, state, differentiation, multipurpose area-oriented economy

Review: Renewable energy can advance only with sufficient state support. In the conditions of increasing environmental conscientiousness, the need for reduction of carbonaceous load on the environment, as well as lowering prices for renewable energy technologies, lag in using renewable energy sources poses a threat to the development of countries within the framework of global trends. Renewable energy has received state support in Russia, despite its high traditional energy resource endowment; there are different mechanisms of state support in the retail and wholesale electricity and capacity markets. The article studies the process of formation of the current mechanism of state support in wholesale electricity and capacity market. The author determines the key stages and factors with regards to formation of support system for the renewable energy sources in Russia. Analysis is conducted on the effectiveness of Capacity Supply Agreement (CSA) as a mechanism for state support of the renewable energy sources in Russia. The article demonstrates interrelation between functionality of the renewable energy CSA mechanism and the increased level of competition in the renewable energy. The author illustrates in what way the development of renewable energy in Russia may contribute to advancement of the adjacent economic sectors. Comprehensive approach towards development of the industry within the framework of technological cluster of renewable energy in Russia is presented. The author defines the territories to which the development of renewable energy is especially relevant.

Keywords: government support measures, green economy, green energy, RES, renewable energy, renewable energy sources, institutional environment, energy, technology cluster, industrial cluster