Review: The subject of this research is the communicatively substantiated social continuance. Particular attention is given to the reversible and irreversible processes of social development associated with the transformation of communicative environment. The author carefully examines the link between social time and communication processes; temporality of socio-communicative space in synchronic and diachronic aspects; time peculiarities of communication as a system on one hand, and as an action – on the other; as well as reversible and irreversible processes common to the communicatively mediated social interaction. The article conducts a phenomenological analysis of social communication, considering a number of positions from synergetics, concepts of the time of G. Deleuze and plural temporality of I. Wallerstein and F. Braudel. The conclusion is made that communication represents a temporal synthesis of social events, when in terms of the communicative maximum, the historical diachrony “reverts” to synchrony. The author underlines that communication temporally correlates the social events, arranging the order (syntagma); the individual’s interpretation of the past and the future defines the image of the social present.

Keywords: syntagma, diachronic, synchronic, discourse, Gille Deleuze, communication, temporality, social time, reversibility, irreversibility

Review: He subject of this research is the impact of worldview representations in “trading zones” proposed by Peter Galison upon the development of interest in science and scientific communication. The authors determine the levels of formation of scientific interest, as well as reveals, that the representations in groups are the result of evident and latent concordance, where the latent plays the key role. The article considers the problem of successful and unsuccessful interaction in “trading zones”, and makes an attempt to identify the worldview nature of closeness and openness for the successful scientific cooperation. In the course of this work, the authors applied the general scientific methods along with the hermeneutic methodology for describing the worldview elements that affect the interest towards science. The scientific novelty lies in the suggestion to complement Christian List’s theory of judgment aggregation and Peter Galison’s concept of “trading zones” with consideration of the latent worldview elements that affect communication in the academic environment. At the same time, the authors determine certain specific worldview elements that influence the interest towards the scientific creativity and successful cooperation of scholars.

Keywords: worldview, Christian List, Peter Galison, aggregation, will to power, mediation, interest, the trading zone, research practices, science

Review: The object of this research is Plato’s dialogue “The Republic”; the subject is the practical component of Plato’s ethical doctrine in form that it presented in this dialogue. The author sets the goal to determine the specificity of sociocultural practices generated by the moral theory of Plato; and for this purpose examines the practice of deception that is expressed in this dialogue in the most distinguish and gradual way. It is determined what type of problems are solved by Plato through the practice of deception, and what kind of problems it can lead to. Based on the analysis of application of the notion of “lie”, the author reconstructs the concept of deception in text of the dialogue “The Republic”. The scientific novelty lies in providing a holistic and structured reconstruction of the concept of deception in Plato’s ethical doctrine (dialogue “The Republic”) in its relation to the anthropological and ontological problematic. A conclusion is made that the designed by Plato arrangement order of the life of polis leads to sociocultural gaps between the three types of citizens, disintegration of polis; and such gaps must be overcome, according to Plato, by the practice of deception aimed at formation of certain worldview. However, gradual reconstruction of such practice described by Plato demonstrates that the problem of sociocultural gaps only enhances, and moreover – it leads to disruption of moral foundations of life of the polis.  

Keywords: truth, ideology, deception, lies, morality, ethics, Republic, Plato, soul, polis

Review: In modern meta-ethical literature, the analysis of various approaches towards rational substantiation of morality is one of the leading research trends. If in ethical thought of the past, the object of substantiation was manly the “ethical law” as a peculiar (metaphysical) essence, in meta-ethics it usually means the substantiation of ethical paradigms of the actual subjects of morality, in other words, foregrounding the arguments that can convince a certain nominal skeptically inclined individual to accept and adhere to the norms of morality established by society. In particular, the author notes an inappropriate substitution of reasoning with explanation, moral duty – with other modalities that are formally signified by the same term. The article uses the methods of logical-linguistic analysis applicable to such ethical and meta-ethical discourses that represent the different versions of substantiation of moral duty. The work demonstrates that it is namely intention of the duty, rather than its specific subject vector is the determinant attribute of moral motivation (because the subject content of moral norms and motives can be the object of both, moral duty and immoral incitements). Therefore, the fundamental impossibility of rational substantiation of such intention should be considered the theoretical disputes that touch upon the general problems of substantiation of morality.  

Keywords: logic and causality, skepticism and nihilism, internalism and externalism, justification and explanation, imperative, intension, sense of duty, moral duty, description and prescription, moral law

Review: Most recent publication of the lecture of Martin Heidegger “Augustinus: Quid est tempus? Confessiones lib. XI” (Gesamtausgabe. Bd. 80.1. Frankfurt a. M.: V. Klostermann, 2016. S. 429-456) served as a motive and fundamental material for this article. The lecture was delivered on October 26, 1930. In this lecture, Heidegger gradually analyzes the contemplations of St. Augustine about time, leaning on the content of the eleventh book of the Confessions. Major attention is this article is given to the conceptual aspects that relate to the Augustinian understanding of time, however, considering the accents and notes made by Heidegger regarding Augustine’s contemplations. The key method of research is the comparative analysis of St. Augustine’s and M. Heidegger’s ideas regarding the concept of time. The conducted analysis of Heidegger’s lecture is aimed not only at describing the conceptual aspects of Augustine’s contemplations about time, but also allows tracing Heidegger’s precise interpretation of St. Augustine, focus of his attention and final conclusions.

Keywords: memoria, Behalten, vorblickend, rückblickend, distentio, tentio, Zeitbetrachtung, expectatio, praesens, das Bild