Abstract: The subject of this study is the mechanisms of somatic regulation of mental states within the psychotherapeutic process, considered as a system of body-mediated influences on the conditions of formation, maintenance, and transformation of psychological symptoms within the framework of I.V. Davydovsky’s concept of active causality. The study focuses on the analysis of the interrelations among interoceptive, autonomic, cognitive, behavioral, and social regulatory processes that ensure the stability of symptomatic states and determine the possibilities for their therapeutic transformation. A specific aspect of the research subject is the examination of somatic interventions as a mechanism for modifying causally significant conditions that sustain mental tension, anxiety, and maladaptive reactions. The subject of the study also includes the development of an integrative theoretical model combining Russian concepts of causal-conditional determination of pathological processes with contemporary approaches to bodily regulation, interoception, predictive processing, and co-regulation in psychotherapy. The methodological basis of the study consists of Russian theoretical approaches to the causal-conditional determination of pathological processes, as well as contemporary models of interoceptive regulation, predictive processing, and co-regulation. As a result of the study, an integrative C–U Integrative (Cause–Conditions–Update) model is proposed, in which a psychological symptom is viewed as a dynamic process maintained by interconnected autonomic, cognitive, behavioral, and social conditions. Four regulatory circuits are identified—interoceptive-autonomic, predictive, social-vocal, and behavioral—which describe the mechanisms through which somatic interventions exert therapeutic effects. A structural framework for the clinical application of the model has been developed, including principles of assessment, selection of therapeutic entry points, and evaluation of intervention effectiveness. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the integration of I.V. Davydovsky’s concept of active causality with contemporary psychotherapeutic concepts of somatic regulation. The main conclusion of the study is that somatic regulation can be regarded as an independent mechanism for influencing the causally significant conditions involved in the formation and maintenance of psychological symptoms, thereby expanding the methodological foundations of integrative psychotherapy.

Keywords: somatic regulation, interoception, active causality, I.V. Davydovsky, biopsychosocial model, predictive processing, polyvagal theory, Reich, Feldenkrais, bodily agency

Abstract: This work is devoted to studying the predictive potential of the Big Five personality trait model in the context of first-year students’ adaptation to university conditions. The object of the study is the Big Five personality traits of first-year students. The subject of the study is the predictive role of extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience in first-year students’ adaptation to academic activities and the student group. The article formulates a general hypothesis that Big Five traits serve as significant predictors of first-year students’ adaptation, as well as a system of specific hypotheses suggesting multidirectional effects of individual personality traits on academic and social adaptation. Particular attention is paid to the lack of domestic research directly linking the five-factor model to different aspects of first-year students’ adaptation, which justifies the relevance of the presented work. To diagnose personality traits, the "Brief Version of the Big Five Inventory‑2" was used, and to assess adaptation to academic activities and the student group, the "Student Adaptability to University" questionnaire was employed. The sample consisted of 735 first-year students aged 16 to 24 years (median age 18). Statistical analysis was performed using Jamovi, applying correlation and linear regression. The main conclusion of the conducted study is the confirmation of the predictive potential of the Big Five model with respect to first-year students’ adaptation. It was found that neuroticism is a significant predictor not only of adaptation to the student group but also of adaptation to academic activities, which expands the understanding of the role of emotional stability in the educational process. Agreeableness, contrary to expectations, does not have a significant effect on group adaptation, whereas extraversion is a key predictor for both aspects of adaptation. Conscientiousness and openness to experience are significantly related only to academic adaptation, but not to group adaptation. The obtained results, for the first time in a Russian sample, demonstrate a refined structure of the influence of Big Five personality traits on the process of students’ adaptation to university conditions.

Keywords: Five-factor model of personality, Personality traits, Student adaptation, First-year students, Adaptation to academic activities, Adaptation to study group, Higher education, Educational environment, Predictive model, Psychological and pedagogical support

Abstract: The subject of the research is the methodological basis for studying users' digital competence and trust in artificial intelligence in the educational environment. The article examines theoretical approaches to understanding digital competence, trust, trust in technologies, digital trust, and trust in artificial intelligence. Digital competence is understood as a multi-component characteristic of a person, encompassing knowledge, skills, critical thinking, motivation, responsibility, and the ability to act meaningfully in a digital environment. Trust in artificial intelligence is viewed as a socio-psychological construct related to perceptions of reliability, usefulness, predictability, transparency, and the acceptability of using intelligent systems. Special attention is paid to the educational environment and the student audience as a space where new forms of interaction between humans and intelligent technologies are most vividly manifested. The methodological foundation of the article consists of a theoretical analysis of the scientific literature, comparative and analytical analysis, as well as an analysis of regulatory and analytical materials devoted to digital competence, artificial intelligence, and trust in intelligent systems. The main conclusions of the conducted research include the justification for the need to jointly consider digital competence and trust in artificial intelligence within a unified research framework. It is shown that in foreign studies, trust in artificial intelligence is predominantly described through parameters of reliability, predictability, transparency, effectiveness, and explainability of algorithmic solutions. In domestic psychology, this construct is more often related to a broader context of digital behavior, the experience of security, criticality, responsibility, and maintaining a subjective position when interacting with technology. The novelty of the research lies in the clarification of the methodological foundations for studying trust in AI in the educational environment and in justifying its connection to users' digital competence. It is concluded that this approach allows for a deeper description of the characteristics of students' digital behavior and for selecting diagnostic tools for subsequent empirical research.

Keywords: digital competence, trust, artificial intelligence, digital trust, educational environment, students, digital behavior, research methodology, subject position, victimhood

Abstract: The article presents the results of a study aimed at identifying the types of lifestyle ideals of individuals and the conditions for their realization among youth with differing levels of social frustration. The subject of the study is the lifestyle ideals of individuals and social frustration. The research involved 170 respondents aged 18 to 25. The study establishes the level of social frustration and the leading frustrators for young people (relationships with relatives and close ones, immediate social environment, social status; socio-economic condition; health and work capacity), preferred lifestyle ideals (matrimonial, bohemian, career, healthy, socially protective, public, gnostic), as well as materially-economic, socio-demographic, territorial, cultural, and organizational conditions for embodying ideals depending on social frustration. Research methods included surveys (the questionnaire by Janeryan S.T. and Gvozdeva D.I., aimed at studying the content of components and characteristics of lifestyle ideals), testing (the "Level of Social Frustration" methodology by L.I. Wasserman, B.V. Iovlev, M.A. Berebin), and statistical data processing: frequency analysis, Friedman and Wilcoxon's criteria, and the binomial criterion (by D.V. Owen). The main conclusions of the research are as follows: over the past 10-15 years, the life priorities of youth have transformed from a focus on family to a career orientation; socially frustrated youth made up only a third of the study sample, with their main frustrator being their own health, work capacity, and lifestyle in general; frustrated youth prefer the "Career Lifestyle" ideal, while non-frustrated youth favor the "Healthy Lifestyle" ideal; frustrated youth consider the option of relocating to another country, whereas non-frustrated youth associate their ideal life solely with Russia; regardless of social frustration, youth strive for high education without attaching particular importance to the ethnic aspect of interpersonal interaction and material-economic conditions. The practical significance of the research lies in expanding psychological knowledge about the ideals of modern frustrated youth, allowing for the development of targeted psychological support activities.

Keywords: way of life ideal, social frustration, frustrator, youth, living conditions, material-economic conditions, socio-demographic conditions, organizational conditions, cultural conditions, territorial conditions

Abstract: Professional self-determination serves as one of the key life decisions. Early adolescence is considered in terms of "transitional," "crisis," and insufficiently conditioned for making strategic and vital decisions, especially in the context of the modern transitional society. In this regard, it becomes relevant to consider the personal maturity of college students, their readiness to form professional identity and choose life positions and self-determination. The number of studies dedicated to the formation of professional identity among vocational students is small; professional orientations and the specifics of professional identity among high school students and university students have been studied more extensively. The aim of the work is to examine the connections between the status of professional identity and significant characteristics in the structure of personal maturity of vocational students. Methods: 1. Methodology for studying professional identity statuses (A.A. Azbel, A.G. Gretsov); 2. Short version of the BIG FIVE methodology (INVENTORY-2) (BFI-2-S) adapted by A.M. Mishkevich and a team of authors; 3. Utrecht scale of proactive coping competence (Christina Bode, Bart Thoolen, Denise de Ridder; adaptation by A.A. Bekhter). Results: Differences in the representation of identity statuses were identified in the sample of students. High values were obtained for the statuses of formed professional identity and moratorium, while the low statuses were imposed identity and uncertainty. Significant differences were found in the characteristics of personal and professional traits among students who have definitively decided on their future profession and those who have not yet made a decision. Conclusions: The status of professional identity demonstrates connections with key components of personal maturity at both the personal and professional levels. Moderate positive correlations were established between the status of formed professional identity and such personal traits as extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience, agreeableness, as well as professionally significant qualities such as planning, situation analysis, problem forecasting, social support, and understanding of limitations.

Keywords: professional identity status, personal maturity, individual personality traits, vocational students, professionally significant qualities, professional self-determination, proactive coping competence, extraversion, conscientiousness, openness to experience

Abstract: The article presents the results of an empirical study of the relationship of behavioral manifestations (symptoms) of computer addiction with the personality characteristics of adolescents. However, there is terminological uncertainty in the available literature: the concepts of "predictors" (risk factors preceding the formation of dependence), "symptoms" (already formed behavioral manifestations) and "degree of dependence" are often mixed. Most modern studies use standardized questionnaires (for example, the K. Young scale) that measure the severity of symptoms. In this work, the author also explores the behavioral manifestations of already existing involvement in computer games, but uses the author's tool, which is a limitation, but allows you to quickly assess specific indicators in the adolescent environment. The purpose of the study is to identify the relationship between the severity of behavioral signs of computer addiction and the personality traits of adolescents. The study involved 60 students in grades 8–9 (14–15 years old). The adolescent version of the R. Kettell questionnaire (HSPQ), the pathocharacterological diagnostic questionnaire (A.E. Lichko, N.Ya. Ivanov) and the author's questionnaire for assessing behavioral signs of dependence (at the stage of testing) were used. The conclusions established significant differences in personality characteristics between groups of adolescents with different levels of behavioral manifestations of computer addiction. Adolescents with high levels show a tendency toward greater anxiety, conservatism, and reduced emotional stability compared to the low-level group. However, due to the lack of validation of the author questionnaire, these differences should be interpreted as exploratory, requiring confirmation on standardized samples. Correlations between the level of behavioral manifestations and personal characteristics were identified: negative associations with factor M (practicality) in the middle group, positive with the schizoid type of accentuation, and negative with factor N (diplomacy) in the high-level group. The proposed author questionnaire cannot be recommended for diagnostic purposes in its current form. The practical significance of the work is limited, but the data obtained can be used to formulate hypotheses in larger studies using the K. Young questionnaire or other standardized tools.

Keywords: Teenagers, boys and girls, personality traits, computer addiction, Internet addiction, behavioral manifestations of addiction, independence, schizoidness, tendency to alcoholism, lability

Abstract: The article presents data from an empirical study on the professional self-realization of self-employed individuals who independently engage in professional activities in the service sector (or sales of goods). It analyzes the types and levels of self-realization among the self-employed, as well as the personal qualities of self-employed individuals with varying income levels, identifying distinguishing features. The subject of the study is the socio-psychological factors and personal characteristics that influence the professional self-realization of self-employed citizens in the service and trade sectors. The aim of the article is to identify and analyze the specifics of professional self-realization among the self-employed, including the types and levels of realization, as well as to determine the personal qualities associated with different income levels. The research involved a psychodiagnostic examination among 218 participants on a voluntary basis online over the course of 2024–2025. This is the first comprehensive study that combines the analysis of economic indicators (income level) with the psychological characteristics of self-employed individuals. Specific types of self-realization that are characteristic of this group were identified, and qualitative differences were established depending on the field of activity. 1. Psychodiagnostic examination was used to collect data on the psychological characteristics of self-employed citizens. 2. Empirical research is based on real data collected through observation and analysis. The article presents data from an empirical study on the professional self-realization of self-employed individuals who independently engage in professional activities in the service sector (or sales of goods). It analyzes the types and levels of self-realization among the self-employed, as well as the personal qualities of self-employed individuals with varying income levels, identifying distinguishing features. The subject of the study is the socio-psychological factors and personal characteristics that influence the professional self-realization of self-employed citizens in the service and trade sectors. The aim of the article is to identify and analyze the specifics of professional self-realization among the self-employed, including the types and levels of realization, as well as to determine the personal qualities associated with different income levels. The research involved a psychodiagnostic examination among 218 participants on a voluntary basis online over the course of 2024–2025. This is the first comprehensive study that combines the analysis of economic indicators (income level) with the psychological characteristics of self-employed individuals. Specific types of self-realization that are characteristic of this group were identified, and qualitative differences were established depending on the field of activity.

Keywords: self-employment, self-actualization, type of self-actualization, level of self-actualization, communicative qualities, intellectual traits of personality, emotional traits of personality, self-regulation, field of activity, psychodiagnostic assessment

Abstract: The subject of this study is the phenomenology of experiencing the state of loss, as well as the specifics of building the psychotherapeutic process when supporting families confronted with the sudden loss of a loved one. The focus is on the necessity of clinical differentiation between the objective event of loss, which represents a fundamental disruption of the patient's familiar way of life ("lifeworld"), and the internal intrapsychic process of grief, viewed as active psychological work to adapt to irrevocably changed conditions of existence. The multilayered nature of the analyzed phenomenon takes on particular significance within the scope of the study: a detailed examination of the cascade of "secondary losses" is conducted, which includes the deconstruction of social roles, identity, functional supports, and shared future plans. Additionally, the study addresses the somatic component of experiencing grief, specifically the formation of a chronic "mobilization" pattern of reactions, expressed in a pathological state of expectation and hyper-vigilance. The methodological foundation of the research consists of a phenomenological approach and qualitative analysis of psychotherapeutic practice. The methods of the research include theoretical generalization, clinical observation of somatic markers of maladaptation, as well as structural-logical modeling of the algorithm for psychological support. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development and theoretical justification of a structured three-level algorithm of psychotherapeutic work, based on a strict distinction between the objective fact of loss and the intrapsychic process of grief. A detailed model of phenomenological deconstruction is proposed for the first time, shifting the specialist's focus from generalized affect to specific "secondary losses" of the patient, including the destruction of social roles, identity, and functional supports. The description of specific somatic reactions of maladaptation in the context of contemporary crises holds particular scientific value, especially the identification of the phenomenon of "pathological state of expectation" and hyper-vigilance, which block the process of natural mourning. As a result of the study, it is concluded that effective overcoming of the state of loss is impossible without conducting a thorough inventory of surviving resources. The practical implementation of the proposed algorithm, which includes working with psychosomatic "freezing" and establishing ecological boundaries with the social environment, allows for the prevention of complicated grief. The outcome of the psychotherapeutic process becomes not an attempt to return to the previous state, but the formation of a new functional model of life, in which the memory of the departed is integrated into the patient's inner world and serves as a foundation for their future.

Keywords: Experience of loss, Grieving, Complicated grief, Phenomenology, Psychotherapeutic process, Secondary losses, Social roles, Somatic reactions, Psychological adaptation, Psychological support