Review: The subject of this article is the approaches towards legal nature of mergers and acquisitions. The goal consists in determination of the role of this phenomenon among the established within national legal system forms of organization of legal entities. Alongside the general scientific methods, the author also applies the methods of materialistic philosophy and formal logics, as well as interpretation and comparative jurisprudence. A conclusion is made that the characteristics of mergers and acquisitions exceptionally through the national forms of reorganization appears to be inadequate for determination of the role of this phenomenon. The article analyzes not only the doctrinal works, but also the provisions of foreign legislation that can be useful for the Russian Federation. Reference to the context of civil legal literature, as well as consideration of logical-philosophical, theoretical-legal and civil-legal representations allowed demonstrating an original view upon the subject in question, propose the grounds for substantiation or stipulation such construct. The main conclusion of the conducted research is the fact that the established in Russia understanding of reorganization cannot qualify for the methodological foundation for the more complete mergers and acquisitions. The analysis of foreign experience demonstrates that the common for Russia forms of reorganization can be regulated similarly to other phenomena, which has never been recognized as reorganization in Russia. The obtained results may be used in legislative and expert activity, as well as further theoretical and legal research.

Keywords: effectiveness of legal regulation, legal essence, justification of the design, legal succession, forms of reorganization, reorganization, civil law design, mergers and acquisitions, legal institution, fundamental changes

Review: The subject of this research is the legal and moral-ethical framework of euthanasia (“a good death”) in such BRICS countries as Brazil, Russia and China from the perspective of analysis of the current regulatory and other acts and documents, doctrine, opinions of legal and medical experts, who provide pros and cons of such measure as euthanasia. The raised questions are viewed and analyzed from the position of an alternative to the previously researched aspects of therapeutic cloning, bioprinting (3D printing), growing organs and tissue that are developed and implemented in the context of the idea “No One Should Die”. The scientific novelty of this work is substantiated by articulation of the problem (examination from the perspective of law and moral-ethical perceptions), choice of countries (BRICS member-states), and analysis of the most recent materials (for example, Law of the People's Republic of China “On Basic Healthcare and Health Promotion” passed on December 28, 2019 (effected on June 1, 2020); Resolution of the Ministry of Health of Brazil of October 31, 2018 No.41 “On Recommendation for Organization of Palliative Care within the framework of Help Provided Through Unified Healthcare System”), and earlier, but also relevant acts and documents (Law of the Russian Federation of November 21, 2011 No. 323-FZ “On the Basis of Health Protection of Citizens in the Russian Federation”, amended on April 34, 2020, etc.). A conclusion is made that euthanasia could be only active and voluntary, when a decision is made by a person with incurable disease, of sound mind, who comprehends the actions and their consequences.

Keywords: vegetative state, terminal stage of cancer, incurable diseases, assisted murder, murder, criminal offence, euthanasia, BRICS countries, palliative care, patient autonomy

Review: The subject of this research is the concept, characteristics and interrelation of contracts in the area of air transportation. The article is dedication to understanding of legal nature and key elements of air contracts, specificity of their theoretical and practical application, classification; as well as aimed at creation of integral concept of regulatory system. Such understanding is acquired from a broad context of civil law literature and case law. Reference to the provisions of civil law doctrine allowed presenting an original view upon the subject matter, and propose recommendations on the improvement of aviation legislation. The main conclusion consists in the fact that civil law regulation of contracts in the area of air transportation is characterized by the existence of special contracts with peculiar features, which define the content of aviation legislation. With regards to each contractual construct, there emerge various question not only from the perspective of legal regulation and law enforcement (overbooking in the contract of air transportation of passengers), but also scientific approaches toward determination of the concept and nature of a particular contract (qualification of the shipping agreement as a bilateral or multilateral, legal nature of the shipping agreement for air cargo). The absence of universal understanding and interpretation of concept, contradiction of legislation, existence of legal gaps do not contribute to uniformity of aviation legislation, making it complicated for studying and application. The author also reviewed draft laws on regulation of air transportation and separate clauses thereof. Presented analysis reflects only few problematic aspects in the area of air transportation. The acquired results can be used in theoretical legal research, as well as legislative and practical activities.

Keywords: transport agreements, air charter, charter agreement, air cargo carriage, baggage air carriage, passenger air carriage, aviation carriage agreement, air carriage agreement, air legislation, air carriages