Review: The subject of this research is the novelties in constitutional legislation of the Russian Federation, namely legal provisions that supplemented the main law of the country in 2020. Alongside the renewed constitutional norms, the author analyzed the related articles of the current Russian legislation, as well as separate regulatory provisions of constitutional nature of the foreign countries. The scientific novelty of this work is substantiated by the objective factors associated with recent amendments to legal matter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation of 1993, and thus, practically full absence of scientific legal research on this topic. The author also notes the primary importance of studying the renewed basic constitutional provisions for academic community, as well as the entire Russian society.  In conclusion, it is noted that the Third Chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation dedicated to federative structure undergone significant changes. Despite the fact that there are certain questions to revision and location of some newly accepted constitutional norms, the results of the Russian Constitutional Referendum of July 1, 2020 give an overall positive assessment of the new version of the Constitution of the Russian Federation.

Keywords: subjects of reference, administrative policy, social policy, federal structure, amendments, Constitution, ideology, pension provision, salary, patriotism

Review: The subject of this research is one of the trends in the American legal thought – legal realism in the context of clarification of its specificity, key theoretical-methodological perspectives formed in the classical period, represented by the founders of this direction O. W. Holmes, R. Pound and K. Llewellyn. Studying the heritage of the classical American realists is important for the purpose of elucidation of their views, since many aspects remain unclear or simplified, and interpreted in form of patterns and schemes; as well as due to the fact that in the modern American legal science and well beyond it, more popularity multiple variations of “clarification” of realism in form of “neo-“ versions, and realism itself is declared the symbol of modern age. Main attention is given to the question of overcoming simplifications with regards to legal views of the classical American realists. The scientific novelty of this work consists in elucidation of the perceptions of the nature and specificity of legal views of the representatives of classical American legal realism. This is primarily associated with the fact that orientation towards demythologization of conceptualism in the works of legal realists of the period of establishment of this trend is erroneously identified with the rejection of moral arguments in substantiation of law, which to a large extent was justified by the desire of some researchers to substantiate the meaning of radical pragmatism as a philosophical foundation of the modernized legal theory. Secondly, unjustified broadening of the concept of legal realism and its identification with naturalization of conceptual apparatus of law is one of the factors that led to multiple simplifications and distortions of the methodological importance of the fundamental principles of legal realism.

Keywords: criticism of conceptualism, Llewellyn, Pound, Holmes, ontologization of social experience, pragmatism, legal realism, legal morals, cultural purpose, legal values

Review: The object of this research is the relations on protection of human rights in criminal procedure justice in under the conditions of pandemic. The subject of this research is analysis of the activity of law enforcement and judicial systems in the country’s current situation. The proliferation of coronavirus infection in the Russian Federation generated pervasive problems in this area. Recommendations contained in the Decisions of the Presidium of the Supreme Court and the Presidium of the Council of Judges of the Russian Federation of March 18, 2020 and April 8, 2020 did not clarify the law enforcement practice, which led to ambiguity in the interpretation of certain provisions of these documents. The situation that formed in the country as a result of COVID-19 pandemic requires rationalization of a number of issues on the protection of human rights in nonstandard conditions of the work of judicial and law enforcement systems. Information from the open sources published on the Internet served as the foundation for this research. The conducted analysis is valuable for understanding the current situation, as well as for making appropriate decisions that are instrumental for the future. Based on the acquired results, the makes recommendations aimed at improvement of separate institutions of criminal law and criminal procedure law, namely Institution of the statute of limitations, institution of the suspension of proceedings in a criminal case. The scientific novelty consists in the exact wording of indicated recommendations on amending the current criminal procedure legislation.

Keywords: ñëåäñòâåííûå îðãàíû, prosecutor's office, judiciary, protection, human rights, epidemic, pandemic, criminal justice, protection of human rights, suspension of the proceedings

Review: This article examines the procedural aspects of constitutional control that influence the style of constitutional and judicial argumentation. An attempt was made to reveal and analyze the parameters of norms-controlling activity that determine the content of argumentation techniques, using the experience of Russia, Australia, Austria, Germany, Israel, Spain, Italy, Canada, the United States, Taiwan, France, and South Africa as the empirical foundation. Special attention is paid to such procedural factors, as the model of constitutional control; case hearing, including articulation of the questions addressed to the judges by participants of judicial proceedings; accessibility of the text of procedural documents; interpretation of the text of court decision; number of judges; collegial order of decision-making; and structure of the institution of dissenting opinion. Using the concept of argumentation style and revealing the correlation between particular procedural rules and argumentation patterns occurring in the practice of constitutional justice, the author noted the merits and flaws of the separate parameters of judicial control over constitutionality of normative acts. The conclusion is made that the institutional environment of norms-controlling activity is formed by not only procedural rules, but also legal traditions that dominate in a specific country, since the appropriateness, feasibility and demand of separate argumentation strategies used within the framework of constitutional control in many ways depend on their compatibility with the nature of legal reasoning.

Keywords: constitutional court, argumentative pattern, procedure, argumentative style, justice, constitutional review, legal argumentation, legal tradition, constitutionality, legal thinking

Review: The subject of this article is the analysis of mainly foreign case law on the transfer of genetic information in the spheres of medicine and scientific research.. The author addresses the positions of courts on private issues such as: the responsibility of attending physician and third parties to inform relatives of a patient about the risks of genetic diseases, rights of relatives to access genetic information after a patient has died, acquisition of a voluntary informed consent for participating in research. Comparison is conducted on approaches of the courts in other regions and countries in reviewing similar cases. The novelty of the research lies in the choice of the topic and obtained conclusions. The author analyzes foreign case law on the transfer of genetic information in the medical and research spheres, which has not previously been a subject of separate study in the Russian literature. The conclusion is formulated on the absence of universal position of the courts on the question of understanding the content of genetic information, limits of the rights of relatives to receive genetic information of a patient. The courts are unanimous in their decisions (or the cases are isolated) on the matter that participation in genetic research must be preceded by a voluntary informed consent, which can be presumed and applies exclusively to the research agreed to. The participants do not have rights to results of the research, and the discovered genes cannot be patented by the researchers.

Keywords: rights of genetic relatives, right to privacy, right to health, medicine, genetic research, judicial practice, genetic information, gene patenting, informed consent, access to information

Review: This article is dedicated to the problem of fulfillment of obligations of a bankrupt debtor by a third party within the framework of personal bankruptcy procedure and the possibility of application of rules set for legal entity debtors. Research is conducted on the need to maintain not only certain sequence of actions of the third party, arbitration administrator and the court, but also the question of proof of origin of funds. Each year brings a growing number of personal bankruptcy cases, prompting the growing need for application of norms on fulfillment of obligations of a debtor by a third party. Within the framework of personal bankruptcy institution there are no such norms, while the law enforcement practice demonstrates a need for norms on fulfillment of obligations of debtors by third parties in the context of the procedure of debt restructuring and liquidation of property. The rules established by the Articles 113 and 125 of the Bankruptcy Law can be applied in resolution of the question of repayment of personal debts by a third party. At the same time, in addition to adherence to the formal order of repayment requirements, it is necessary to examine the question of the source of funds received by the third party.

Keywords: corporate bankruptcy, private bankruptcy, charge holder, only living space, execution of obligations, court practice, third party, bankruptcy, statistical data, creditor's claim

Keywords: bankruptcy, individual bankruptcy, criminal bankruptcy, insolvency, qualification of crimes, criminal liability, object of crime, consumer bankruptcy, financial manager, economic crimes

Keywords: estoppel, principle of good faith, promissory estoppel, venire contra factum proprium, consistent conduct, inadmissibility of contradictory behavior, legal nature, justice, english law, consideration