Abstract: The subject of this study is the intentional analysis of social acts in Adolf Reinach’s "The Apriori Foundations of the Civil Law" (1913) within the framework of Edmund Husserl’s phenomenology from the Logical Investigations' period. The research investigates the structure of social acts as intentional experiences, including their immanent components and the connections between them through the lens of intentional analysis. A critical examination is provided of the "linguistic" interpretation of Reinach’s a priori theory of law, particularly the contentious reduction of social acts to speech acts (J.L. Austin, J.R. Searle). Special attention is given to the absence of a methodological section in The Apriori Foundations of the Civil Law, which necessitates the reconstruction of phenomenological analysis of social acts within the jurist’s work. The aim of the article is to undertake a problem-theoretical reconstruction (following D.I. Lukovskaya’s interpretive method) of the methodology underlying Reinach’s phenomenology of law. It conducts a comparative analysis of Husserl’s Logical Investigations and Reinach’s works on social acts — The Apriori Foundations of the Civil Law, The Essence and Systematics of Judgments (1908), and Non-Social and Social Acts (1911). The novelty lies in the application of intentional analysis to social acts. The study reconstructs the process of analyzing social acts using Husserl's framework and shows how Reinach's method is consistent with phenomenological principles. This paper argued: 1) every social act is an intentional experience that constitutes part of the complex intentional experience termed an "effective social act"; 2) the inner experience of a social act is a partial intentional experience whose objective correlate is identical to the intentional object of the social act. Thus, Reinach’s apriori theory of law explores legal experiences and their interconnections through Husserlian phenomenology (Logical Investigations), despite Reinach’s phenomenology retains a realist orientation.

Keywords: efficacy, validity, social moment, intentionality, intentional analysis, phenomenological attitude, social act, phenomenology of law, Reinach, Husserl

Abstract: The subject of the research is modern technologies of generative artificial intelligence (GII), their impact on society and law (using the example of China). The rapid development of GII is associated with the growth of venture capital investments and active support from large technology companies and states. Since 2022, China has adopted a number of laws on the regulation of artificial intelligence. At the same time, the PRC focuses on the unconditional protection of state security and national interests. An important aspect of AI regulation in China is the desire to form an AI bill that significantly expands the regulatory architecture. It is expected that the bill will be adopted during 2025, which will contribute to a more complete and detailed regulation of artificial intelligence. In the course of the research, the author used the following methods of cognition (research methodology): dialectical method of cognition, general scientific empirical methods of cognition (comparison and description), general scientific theoretical methods of cognition (generalization and abstraction, induction and deduction, analogy), as well as private scientific empirical methods of cognition (method of interpretation of legal norms) and private scientific theoretical methods cognition (legal and dogmatic). The main conclusions of the study are as follows. To date, the draft law on AI proposed by Chinese legal scholars is still under discussion, but it is already clear that it significantly complements and expands the already established architecture of legal regulation of artificial intelligence in the People's Republic of China. It contains a lot of bold ideas (for example, about the legal protection of data obtained as a result of the work of the GII). It seems that during 2025, the specified draft law (apparently with improvements) will be adopted. Based on the existence of regulatory legal acts that have already entered into force and are currently in force regarding artificial intelligence (including generative), as well as trends towards the rapid formation of the basic law on AI, it clearly follows that China is following the path of legal regulation of this area for general use within the PRC, while giving freedom of use and study AI for government purposes, in order to protect national interests.

Keywords: regulations, regulatory control, laws, PRC, People's Republic of China, China, GAI, AI, generative artificial intelligence, artificial intelligence

Abstract: The subject of this research is the analysis of the features of the Russian foreign policy course at the present stage through the prism of the concepts of realpolitik, noopolitik and cryptopolitik. Based on the subject of the article, the author makes : a general overview of Russia's foreign policy, an analysis of the terms realpolitik, noopolitik, cryptopolitik, highlighting the features of Russian foreign policy characterized by the above-mentioned terms. To solve these research tasks, the following media resources were used : TASS, Kommersant, Fontaka, the Levada Center, Forbes, Reuters, YouTube , etc. The methodological basis of this research consists of using the results of monitoring various media resources, political science literature on the issue. The author used an analysis of the current, rapidly changing political situation, which gives relevance and practical significance to this research. The novelty of this work lies in the study of the features of the modern Russian foreign policy, its conditioning factors. The author of the article consistently examines the prerequisites for the emergence of the current configuration of international relations since the entry of the Russian state as a sovereign player on the international political scene. This allows us not only to single out and use the terms noopolitik and cryptopolitik, which are still poorly developed in Russian political science, but also to fill them with new content in relation to the topic of the article, as well as to put forward a whole range of recommendations for adjusting the current Russian foreign policy, mainly against the background of its conduct in Ukraine. The author of the article analyzed the current, rapidly changing political situation, which, in his opinion, gives relevance and practical significance to this study.

Keywords: discourse, means of communication, narrative, crypto-politics, noopolitik, realpolitik, Special military operation, international relations, USA, Russia

Abstract: Relations between Turkey and Egypt, which worsened after the fall of the government of Mohammed Morsi on July 4, 2013, began to improve after a 10-year hiatus. In 2023, the diplomatic representation was mutually increased. Representatives of the two countries came together and signed cooperation agreements. This article examines the consequences of the normalization of relations between Turkey and Egypt in the political, economic and geopolitical spheres. The purpose of this article is to study the impact of the steps taken by the administrations of Turkey and Egypt to normalize relations on the political, economic and geopolitical spheres between the two countries. The mutual policies and strategies of the Turkish and Egyptian governments were examined within the framework of the institutional method. In this direction, official documents were examined within the scope of conceptual analysis and discourse analysis was conducted based on the statements of authorities. Economic relations were addressed by examining official data with the statistical analysis method. Although much research has been conducted on Turkish-Egyptian relations, there is not enough research on the effects of the recently initiated normalization process in various fields. This article fills this gap. The article concludes that the normalization of relations between Turkey and Egypt has had a positive impact on bilateral relations in various fields, but relations between the two countries have not yet been established on a structural and regular basis. Relations are still fragile due to ideological differences between the governments of Turkey and Egypt, as well as instability in the region. The article concludes that if Turkey and Egypt sign an agreement determining the maritime jurisdiction boundaries in the Eastern Mediterranean, relations between the two countries will reach a structural and strategic level.

Keywords: Syria, Geopolitics, Realist approach, Palestine, Constructivist approach, Eastern Mediterranean, Libya, Egypt, Turkey, Middle East