Review: The subject of the study is comorbid disorders of children with mental retardation. The object of the study is the frequency of comorbid disorders of the children with mental retardation. Using a retrospective analysis of medical records, the authors examine in detail the neuropsychiatric manifestations and behavioral stereotypes that frequently occur in the study sample of children. These behavioral stereotypes or comorbid disorders were noted by parents or health care professionals who interacted with the children. The total sample included 1,000 preschool and young children (from 1.5 to 7 years old) with various neuropsychiatric speech diagnoses - delayed speech development, autism spectrum disorders, delayed psycho speech development, and other unspecified speech diagnoses. The main finding of this study is that a list of the most common comorbid disorders was compiled. Using this list of the most common behavioral disorders, it is possible to make a screening assessment of mental development and identify the degree of its delay on the basis of the formed behavioral and speech patterns. This will help specialists (psychologists, speech therapists, defectologists and neuropsychologists) working with children to provide them with the necessary assistance in a timely manner. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that previously no comprehensive list of the most common behavioral disorders of the children with mental retardation was compiled. This list made it possible to differentiate the primary diagnosed child into one or another group according to the belonging to the diagnosis, with subsequent more thorough verification of the diagnosis.

Keywords: assistance to a specialist, behavioral disorders, speech disorders, behavioral stereotypes, primary diagnostics, list of violations, behavioral features, mental retardation, delayed speech development, autism spectrum disorder

Review: The current state of psychological research of ethnic tolerance in the youth environment is considered. Despite the existence of a certain degree of elaboration of the concept of ethnic tolerance in psychological literature and periodicals, the practical implementation of the study of the level of ethnic tolerance in various social strata and public entities is insufficient. The results of empirical research provide a real picture of the state of interethnic relations in this environment and provide grounds for practical measures to resolve possible conflict situations and harmonize interaction on an interethnic basis by uniting various ethnic groups in society. The purpose of the article is to empirically determine the level of ethnic tolerance among students of higher education institutions, to determine the level of its components, to establish links between tolerance and ethnic identity of respondents, to determine the prospects for further research.   The results of an empirical study of ethnic tolerance among young people indicate that a person's tolerance to representatives of other ethnic groups is associated with awareness of belonging to their own ethnic group, that is, with a positively established ethnic identity. The vast majority of young people who have a normal level of ethnic identity, an average or high level of tolerance in general, they also have developed ethnic and social tolerance. Among the factors forming the appropriate level of ethnic tolerance, first of all, it is necessary to name the characteristics of the individual, the influence of the conditions of the social environment in which ethnic interaction is carried out, the presence of the practice of interethnic communication. A balanced State social and ethnic policy, especially in the field of education, should support and form a positive dynamic of interaction between different ethnic groups.

Keywords: social tolerance, students, ethnic identity, interethnic interaction, youth environment, ethnic group, ethnic tolerance, Ethnic isolation, tolerance, young people

Review: The purpose of the study is to conduct a comparative analysis and identify differences in the system of value orientations of students – ethnic migrants and students – representatives of the indigenous population. The subject of the study: the features of the value orientations of students – ethnic migrants and students – representatives of the indigenous population. Research methods: 1. Theoretical: analysis of psychological literature on the problem of research. 2. Empirical: testing. Research methods: "Life-meaning orientations", D. Crambo and L. Maholika; "Diagnostics of the real structure of value orientations of personality" S. S. Bubnov; "Value orientations", M. Rokich. Methods of mathematical statistics: Mann-Whitney U-test. The differences in the value orientations of indigenous students and indigenous students are expressed in the following: 1.Attitude to life, to oneself and other people: the attitude to life of indigenous students has a meaningful and conscious character. In relation to the shortcomings in themselves and other people, they are strict. The process of life for ethnic migrant students is characterized as uninteresting and unfilled with meaning. They doubt the possibility of independent control of the events of their own lives. For ethnic migrant students, altruism is significant, which is expressed in the significance of the values of "Help and mercy to other people", "Happiness of others". 2. Indigenous students are focused on a happy family life as one of the significant values. Ethnic migrant students are more focused on culture and compliance with the rules and norms of behavior adopted in the society, which is reflected in the value of "Education". But at the same time, the value of self-affirmation is significant for them.

Keywords: self-realization, locus of control, ethnicity, migration, motivation, personality orientation, meaning of life, meaningful life orientations, value orientations, values

Review: The object of the study is people with autism spectrum disorders, the subject is the expectations of taste when they perceive a certain color. The aim is to experimentally test the hypothesis that due to the specifics of sensory processing and the lack of multisensory integration, their crossmodal taste–color correspondences differ from the associations of neurotypical people not only in the structure and occurrence of individual associations, but also in the richness, cognitive significance and semantics of choice. The experiment involved 20 respondents with autism spectrum disorders (7 men and 13 women) aged 18 to 20 years. Their responses were compared with the results of a control group (N=20) with the same socio-demographic characteristics. Experimental stimuli in the form of a bar package had five different colors (green, yellow, red, pink and blue) and were shown to participants on a computer screen. The experiment showed that when perceiving the color of the product packaging, people with autism spectrum disorders have significantly different expectations of taste compared to neurotypical participants. In the most cases their associations of color with taste are not conventional and logical (this type of associations dominate in the control group), but creative – expressive and hidden. The associations revealed in the experimental group often have an emotional nature, are less dependent on the context and have a more free character. The results obtained can be used in clinical practice, in the education system and in the activities of social institutions.

Keywords: associative experiment, color perception, cross modal correspondences, color associations, taste, color, autism, color cognition, cognitive salience, color identity