Review: The improvement of the mechanism of legal protection should be based on profound social and scientific grounds. The research object is social relations aimed at ensuring safety of a person, society and state from threats connected with vehicles operation in the Russian Federation. The research subject is the set of legal acts in the field of transport safety and Russia’s administrative and criminal legislation in the field of responsibility for dangerous operation of motor vehicles. The body of general scientific and specific legal research methods helps formulate the insights. In the result of studying the problems of criminal responsibility for dangerous operation of motor vehicles, the author distinguishes a repressive and a moderate repressive approaches. It is supposed that it would be justified to return a provision establishing responsibility for leaving the scene of an accident into the chapter 27 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation in order to increase drivers’ responsibility and reduce traffic accident rate.
 

Keywords: implementation, comparative analysis, law, criminal liability, dangerous exploitation, vehicle, improvement, road safety, administrative law, Russia

Review: Protection of rights and legitimate interests of aggrieved persons is one of the most important tasks of law-enforcement agencies. At the same time, this task is not always solved in practice. The research subject of this study is the possibilities of legal education of aggrieved persons aimed at ensuring their rights and legitimate interests. The purpose of the study is the analysis of law-enforcement practice in this direction and the development of recommendations for the most effective usage of legal education of the above mentioned non-professional participants of criminal proceedings aimed at ensuring proper protection of their rights and legitimate interests. To solve this task, the authors use the general method of scientific cognition of and special scientific methods including synthesis, analysis, forecasting, comparison, etc. Based on the analysis of law enforcement practice, the authors find out that despite a large scope of rights granted to aggrieved persons, often they are not observed because their bearers are not aware of them. The authors give special attention to the need for legal education of aggrieved persons and offer to use the achievements of the forensic science for this purpose. The authors describe the key directions and forms of creating and introducing scientifically-grounded recommendations for aggrieved persons aimed at ensuring real protection of their rights and legitimate interests.
 

Keywords: judicial proceedings, pre-trial proceedings, victim, investigator, criminal proceeding, criminslistics recommendations, legal education, clarification of rights, memo, investigation

Review: Crimes connected with evidence tampering in civil and arbitration proceedings are not only widespread, but also highly latent. Judicial practice needs a system of scientifically grounded recommendations which could improve combating these criminal acts. The research subject is the detection, investigation and solution of crimes connected with evidence tampering in civil and arbitration proceedings. In this context, the purpose of this article is to define the key criteria of creating a system of criminalistic recommendations aimed at raising the effectiveness of the above mentioned areas of activity of law enforcement bodies officers. The authors use the general method of the reality cognition, and the system, formal-logical and sociological methods, analysis, synthesis, modeling and abstraction. Based on the analysis of judicial practice, the authors conclude that the criminalistic approach to the essence of the notion of evidence tampering (article 303 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation) doesn’t conform with the aims and tasks of criminalistic studies. To be used for creating the appropriate criminalistic technique, this notion should be wider and should include several types of accompanying crimes: 1) against justice, 2) economic and corruption crimes, 3) crimes involving violence against the trial participants, 4) other crimes. Criminologically important peculiarities of the accompanying crimes should also be taken into account, such as the specificity of the situation, subjects and their goals, the typical lucrative impulse, etc. The authors formulate the criminologically significant definition of a group of crimes if this type and substantiate the reason for forming a specific criminalistic technique of investigating crimes connected with evidence tampering in civil and arbitration proceedings.

Keywords: destruction of evidence, fake evidence, unrecognizable crimes, mercenary motive, crime, forensic science, arbitration proceedings, civil proceedings, falsification of evidence, substitution of evidence