Review: The subject of this research is the everyday life of peasant migrants, who in the course of their migration got into extreme circumstances substantiated by the immediate move to new lands, as well as the need for economic, sociocultural, psychological and physiological adaptation at the new places of settlement. The author takes into account the problems of transportation, natural and climatic, socioeconomic and other factors and circumstances that determine the extremeness of everyday life of the voluntary migrants. The work is founded on the procedural and modernization approaches. The first interprets the everyday life as ordinary, mundane existence of people; while the extremeness is associated with certain emergency, anomaly, standards of living that changed under the influence of certain factors, accustomed mindset and behavior. The second approach represents an interdisciplinary model of examination of society, its transition from the traditional to contemporary type, accompanied by destruction of the traditional values and mental perceptions. For the first time the everyday life of peasants is characterized in the extreme circumstances. A conclusion is made that migration was a factor that affected the sociocultural transformation of Siberian society. Extremeness of migration manifested in the most severe circumstances of adaptation of the migrants in new lands: unsanitariness and transport failure, mass gatherings of migrants at migration points, unsatisfactory financial situation, food, high incidence of disease and death, etc. The migrants were forced to change their value orientations, find the ways of interaction with autochthonous population, use new life experience.

Keywords: food, dwelling, interaction, adaptation, extreme daily life, peasants, Siberia, resettlement, unsanitary condition, morbidity

Review: This article is dedicated to the historical experience of the establishment of state investment policy in Russia at the initial stage of market reforms. The subject of this research is the complex of conceptual, legal and social components on the Russian investment policy during the late 1980’s – 1990’s. The goal consists in description of the role of the Russian investment policy in the context of formation of the new sociopolitical and economic space of the country, including the peculiarities of the process of establishment of state investment strategy, as well as demonstration of the importance of investment problematic for the Russian business press, national business community, and others. The article is conducted on the basis of the principles of historicism, use of systemic analysis, methods of retrospect and actualization, and interdisciplinary approach. As a result, the author restores the image of the establishment and implementation of state investments policy in Russia during the late 1980’s – 1990’s. The scientific novelty lies in determination of the role and place of investment policy in the context of modernization transit of the 1990’s. The author comes to a conclusion that the indicated period in the history of Russian investment policy is characterizes by the intense creation of program documents and legal acts, the practical implementation of which was hindered by the fragmentariness of development of the market system as a whole. Herewith, the priorities of the modern Russian investment policy were formulated in the 1990’s.

Keywords: concessions, incorporating enterprises, Russian reforms, foreign investments, history of the Russian economy, history of Russia of the latest time, Russian investment policy, investment legislation, business press, social and economic modernization

Review: The diplomatic relations between Nigeria and USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republics) can be traced back to 1960, since which both countries have maintained warm political, economic and cultural relations. The establishment of their relation prompted by the political and military support of the Soviet Union to the Nigerian government during the Nigerian Civil War in 1967 and 1970. This article underlines the aftermath of dissolution of the Soviet Union, which influence in Nigeria and West Africa had drastically reduced. The author examines the traditional diplomatic relations between Russian and Nigeria from the historical perspective, based on the diplomatic theory as a paramount instrument for tracing the existing diplomatic relationship between the two colossal nations. However, in 1991 the Russia Federation being the successor to the Soviet Union proceeded to establish the diplomatic relations with the Federal Republic of Nigeria. Then President Olusegun Obasanjo officially visited Moscow in 2001; both governments signed a declaration on the principles of friendly relationship and partnership. The agreement on the program of bilateral and international relations was also signed.

Keywords: Cultural, Politics, Development, Economic, Contemporary Ties, History, Russia, Nigeria, Strategic Partnership, Relations

Review: This article demonstrates the key stages of the advancement of US policy in Central Asia region, which includes five countries: Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan. The United States were among the first to recognize these countries as the full-fledged actors of international relations. The author determines the three stages in development of the relations between the United States and the countries of Central Asia. The first stage marks the acquisition of sovereignty after dissolution of the Soviet Union in the late XX century; the second falls on the presidency of George W. Bush (2001-2009) and ended in 2014; the third began in 2015. The article presents the texts of bilateral agreements between the United States and five republics of Central Asia; a total of over 60 agreements, the majority of which have been signed by Kazakhstan due to the problem of annihilation of nuclear armaments on its territory. Over the recent time, in US policy with regards to Kyrgyzstan have occurred certain issues and misunderstandings, which forces to search for new vectors and opportunities in the relations of these two countries. Therefore, it is imperative to continue studying the geopolitical interests of the United States in Central Asia and Kyrgyzstan in the area of international security.

Keywords: USA, stages, Central Asia, American politics, New Silk Road, Big Central Asia, Astana declaration, Encyclopedia of Afghan Jihad, regional security, Kygyzstan

Review: The subject of this research is the legal aspects of the Soviet concession policy of the 1920’s. The research is conducted through examination of the materials from central archives. It is noted that the goal of concession policy was to create the favorable investment climate for attracting foreign capital to the Soviet economy. The author underlines the concession agreement was a special agreement allowing the derogation from the Soviet legislation to the benefit of foreign entrepreneurs. Concession signified that the laws on state monopoly for development of mineral resource, conduct of foreign trade, ban or restrictions to hiring workforce, etc. did not apply to some of the entrepreneurs. The use of comparative-historical and problematic-chronological methods allowed determining the peculiarities of legal regulation of foreign concessions in the 1920’s. The scientific novelty lies in demonstration of strong correlation between the political and economic tasks in the policy of Soviet State pertinent to foreign concessions. This correlation  was clearly traced in legal regime of a concessionary company. Property of concessionary enterprise was owned by the state; a concessioner was merely a hirer. The legislation provided the state with the right to control the production activity of the concession, and prematurely terminate the contract at any time. Most of the concession agreements were terminated at the government’s initiative and without compensation. Only those, close to the Soviet elites, received a partial compensation for the losses. Concession existed for as long as the government was interested in it for any reasons of international, foreign economic, or domestic economic character.

Keywords: investment climate, concession agreement, joint companies, regulation, concession law, concession, attraction of foreign capital, elimination of concessions, Main Concession Committee, Decree on concessions

Review: This article describes the life circumstances and scientific activities of the Doctor of Philological Science, Leningrad Professor of Antiquity, Vice-President of the International Society “Ovidianum” – Natalia Vasilievna Vulikh (1915-2012), who resided in Komi Republic (Syktyvkar, Ukhta) during the period of 1980’s – 2000’s. A set of letters by N. V. Vulikh over the period from 1981 to 2004, preserved in personal corpus of the Syktyvkar scholars-philologists A. E. Vaneev and I. M. Vaneeva of the Komi Scientific Center of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The article applies the historical-biographical method that allows describing the persona of N. V. Vulikh from the standpoint of her life story and sociocultural context. Based on the letters, the author determines the creative contacts of N. V. Vulikh, geography of academic trips, topics of research and conference presentations, as well as the plans for continued academic activities. The work demonstrated N. V. Vulikh’s personal attitude to the events taking place in science and education, situation in the country, and her emotional disposition. A conclusion is made on the value of sources of personal origin for explication of the scholar’s scientific biography in the context the era.

Keywords: Ukhta industrial Institute, Ukhta, Vaneeva Irina Mikhaylovna, Vaneev Albert Egorovich, Vulikh Natalja Vasilievna, epistolary, letters, biography, study of antiquity, study of Kuratov

Review: The subject of this article is the activity of Ufa Theological Seminary in the late XIX – early XX century. The object is the educational and other aspects of life of the seminary during the indicated period of time based on the archival materials. The claimed topic is relevant from the perspective of examination of the transformation of estate education, accompanied by serious changes in social composition of the students, convergence towards secular educational facilities, loss of corporate isolation of the clergy, etc. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the article is based on the previously unpublished documentation and executive directives preserved in the National Archive of the Republic of Bashkortostan. Methodology includes the comparative-historical and problematic-chronological approaches that allowed considering the various sides of the activity of Ufa Theological Seminary as a result of the content of unpublished materials and characteristics of their information capabilities. A conclusion is made that the existing materials are sufficient for studying the problematic scopes within the framework of the topic at hand, namely: performance, social composition of students, curriculum, regulation of educational process, morale building activities, and other related questions.

Keywords: the journal of the school of life, articles of Association, archive, fund, historical source, clergy, the educational process, Ufa religious school, the diocesan Congress of clergy, theological Seminary

Review: The subject of this research is the demographic changes in the territory of Khakassia in 1970 – first half of 1980’s. The goal of this work is to analyze the processes of natural and mechanic migration of population in the conditions of its industrial development. Khakassia was assigned to the role of the center of establishment of the Sayan territorial-production complex; it included the three industrial hubs: Abakan, Chernogorsk, and Sayanogorsk. The indicated period marks the time of consolidation of population structure in the region characteristic to the industrial society. The analysis of factual material is conducted on the basis of modernization theory. The work also applies the historical methods (comparative-historical, problematic-chronological, retrospective), as well as quantitative methods (descriptive statistics, dynamic analysis). The scientific novelty lies in generalization and systematization of the materials related to the considered problematic from the perspective of modernization theory. Examination of demographic processes is carried out on the basis of a set of historical sources (both, published and archival). In terms of the establishment of Sayan territorial-production complex, the demographic changes, common to the late-industrial modernization, took place in Khakassia: growth of the absolute size and portion of townspeople in the population structure, and thus, the reduction in size and relative density of rural population.

Keywords: Sayanogorsk industrial hub, Chernogorsk industrial hub, Abakan industrial hub, external migration, natural increase, demographical process, modernization, population structure, Sayan territorial-industrial complex, Khakassia

Review: The subject of this research is such phenomena of the worldview of Circassian woman of the XIX – early XX century as space and time, and their impact upon the formation of her inner world. The goal of this works is the analysis of research interests of existential categories of the consciousness of a Circassian woman that previously remained on the periphery. In the conditions of the absence of writing system among the peoples of North Caucasus in the indicated period of time, the most informatory sources became the folk songs and proverbs, in which a Circassian woman was either the main character or the author. The author applies the phenomenological method that allows cognizing the inner world of Circassian woman. The scientific novelty, first and foremost, lies in the fact that a Circassian woman was depicted as the active, creative subject of meaning-making; and secondly, in determination of the fundamental categories of the consciousness of Circassian woman and their impact upon her worldview. A conclusion is substantiated that the phenomena of space and time in worldview of a Circassian woman have formed inextricably with the everyday realities of life and household of the patriarchal traditional society.

Keywords: picture of the world, phenomenology, category, existence, North Caucasus, Circassian woman, Circassians, space, time, mentality

Review: The object of this research is the 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment of 108th infantry division. The 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment was created from the militia troops on June 11, 1915 (regiment of 3rd class). The subject this research is the discipline in the regiment during the first year of its existence. The goal is to characterize discipline in the 431st regiment, name the types of offences committed by the lower ranks, establish their causes, consider the problem of discipline of the officer corps, determine the factors that affected discipline in the regiment. The research is based on the analysis of documents of the 431st regiment (F. 2980) preserved in the Russian State Military Historical Archive, as well as the materials of corps court of the 43rd army corps (F. 16142). The materials of the 431st Tikhvin Infantry Regiment are revealed for the first time. The author is firs to set a task for studying the discipline of militia based on its genuine documents. The types of offences committed by the lower ranks, such as absence, disposition of property, desertion, and their causes are analyzed. The problematic of examination of discipline of the officer personnel of the regiment is demonstrated, so are the factors that affected the discipline. The research materials can be used in the generalized work on the history of Russian Army during the World War I.

Keywords: Escapes, Discipline, Officers, Lower rank, Militia, 431-th Tikhvin regiment, Russian army, world war I, unauthorized absence, non-statutory relations