Abstract: The object of the research is the complex genre nature of original and translated memoir-autobiographical texts. The author examines in detail the features of the original text resulting from the interaction of genres characteristic of memoir-autobiographical texts, as well as the patterns of their transmission in the translation process. The original and translated texts of B. Clinton's autobiography "My Life" are used as the research material. The issue of boundaries between the genres of memoirs and autobiography is touched upon, since their correlation with the phenomenon of genre interaction determines the representativeness of the studied material. The violations of the adequacy and equivalence of the translation identified during the comparative analysis are analyzed. Explanations of possible causes of translation errors are considered. Other translation options are offered, which take into account the complex genre nature of the original text.   The continuous sampling method is used to select material from the original and translated texts. In the future, a comparative analysis of this material is carried out. The scientific novelty of this study is due to the fact that, despite the interest of researchers in the phenomenon of genre hybridization in biography, memoirs and autobiography, at the moment its influence on translation has been poorly studied. At the same time, memoirs and autobiographies are of particular interest from the point of view of translation studies. This is due to the fact that idiostyle, refracted in various genre forms, turns out to be significant for the realization of the communicative intent of the author's narrative of himself. The main conclusion of the study is that the difficulty for translators lies not the switching of genres itself, but the resulting heterogeneity of the text, which complicates the work with special vocabulary, means of expressive language and markers of socio-cultural conditions of the time. Translators encounter these difficulties regularly, but in the context of hybridization, which refracts the author's idiostyle, in order to achieve the adequacy of the translation, the translator requires great concentration in analyzing the text.

Keywords: language for specific purposes, idiostyle, polygenre, genre hybridisation, genre interaction, translation, expressive means of language, autobiography, memoirs, social and cultural conditions

Abstract: In modern Russian, studies of service words are actively conducted, the task of which is to establish all the semantic and syntactic properties of each individual service unit. The object of this study is the preposition "about". The subject of the study is the lexical compatibility and semantics of this preposition. The purpose of the study is to establish the specifics of the compatibility of the preposition "about" and to identify the relationship of compatibility with the meaning of the preposition. In the article, the author analyzes the formulations of the meaning of the preposition "about" in dictionaries of the Russian language in terms of their similarities and differences. The main attention is paid to the identification of lexico-semantic groups into which vocabulary is combined, occupying the positions of the right and left components of the structure organized by the preposition, and on this basis, a conclusion is drawn about the relationship between the semantic specificity of the preposition "about" and its compatibility.  The study uses a descriptive method, with the inclusion of contextual analysis techniques. The source of the material is the National Corpus of the Russian Language. As a result of the analysis of the vocabulary of the left component of the prepositional construction, it was found that the main common semantic feature of verbs of all lexico-semantic groups is speech–thinking activity aimed at an object called the genitive form, which occupies the position of the right component of the construction. At the same time, the analysis of vocabulary, which occupies the position of the right component, shows that the object of the speaker's speech-thinking activity can be any object of the surrounding reality, related to both the material and non-material world. In addition, the analysis showed that the preposition "about" always connects the sentence in which it is located with the previous context. The study found that the prepositional case form with the preposition "about" always indicates a situation, regardless of whether objective or non-objective nouns occupy the position of the right component of the construction. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time the connection between the specificity of the compatibility of the preposition "about" and its semantics has been determined and formulated.

Keywords: subject nouns, context, right component, left component, lexical-semantic group, lexical compatibility, semantics, preposition, functional words, non-subject nouns

Abstract: In the last decade of the 20th century such categories as "gender", "ethnicity" and "age" gradually begin to move away from the single interpretation of "biologically determined" and begin to be interpreted differently, considered in a broader sense. In connection with this fact, in the scientific world, gender studies are one of the rapidly developing areas. The article is devoted not only to the analysis of existing developments in the field of gender research in comparative linguistics on the basis of the Russian and Chinese languages, but also to the subsequent comparison of the main trends observed in linguistic genderology. The authors analyzed and identified two main periods in the formation of gender studies - biological determinism and gender studies. The article also describes the transition period that served as the basis for modern gender studies. The main purpose of this article is to review research works on the study of gender in the Russian and Chinese languages for the purpose of comparison. Conducting the research, such general logical research methods as analysis and subsequent synthesis of material were used. The novelty of the research lies in the comparison of existing developments and methods of work in the field of gender studies in comparative linguistics on the basis of Russian and Chinese languages. The conclusions describe the main trends in the development of gender studies. The first trend is to identify the linguistic significance of the gender approach in linguistics as a whole. The second trend is devoted to establishing the role of the so-called extralinguistic reality in the process of forming gender itself. Gender studies in the Chinese language are aimed at studying gender in the theoretical aspect. Also, the works often compare the role and status of men and women in society for differences.

Keywords: gender identity, gender role, stereotype, theoretical status of "gender", Chinese linguistics, Russian linguistics, comparative linguistics, gender researches, gender, sex

Abstract: The subject of the study is the cosmo-psycho-logos of the Erzya people, expressed in "Mastorava" as a literary form of the epic. The national image of the people is encoded in the cosmo-psycho-logos. It is most fully expressed in the national epic, which contains the maximum information about the people, their mental, psychological, linguistic, cultural, geographical, and historical portrait. The national image is formed in "Mastorava" from the image of the land, the images of gods and national heroes, the reflection of the specifics of the historical existence of the people, their historical preferences and antipathies, characteristics of their historical thinking, and so on. Most importantly, it is derived from the image of national worldview encoded in the language of the people. "Mastorava" was originally written in the Erzya language, and the existence in the space of the native language is natural for the people, as it realizes the meanings that constitute their idea and image. The methodology of the study is based on the principles of domestic comparative-historical literary studies and folklore, embodied by Bakhtin, Gatchev, Sharonov, Bakhtikireeva, Arzamazov, and others. The work employs cultural-historical, mythopoetic methods, and a comprehensive analysis of the artistic work, creating a broad problematic field for research. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first time the cosmo-psycho-logos of the Erzya people in the epic "Mastorava" is examined. As a result of the study, we concluded that in "Mastorava," alongside the voice of the people, the voice of its author is heard, their representation of the people interweaving into its CPL, changing the outlines created by folklore and complementing them with the uniqueness of its own CPL, which qualitatively complicates them. The sound of the voice of the people and the sound of the poet's voice hold independent value, but their fusion gives rise to polyphony, forming the objective voice of the nation. Reflections on the problem of the CPL of the Erzya people in "Mastorava" by A.M. Sharonov led to the conclusion that in the literary epic, the CPL of the people, recorded in the authentic epic, intertwines with the author's CPL and, enhancing each other's sound, creates a more complete portrait of the ethno. It is evident that the author reflects in his people just as the people reflect in the author, who is their ethnophore. The results of the study can be used in the comparative study of the folklore and literature of the peoples of Russia.

Keywords: image of the people, A.M. Sharonov, poet ethnophore, Erzya people, Mastorava, book form of the epic, G.D. Gachev, cosmo-psycho-logos, national mentality, pantheon

Abstract: The subject of the study is "dynamic description," which is realized in texts of the type "description" and "narration." The analysis focused on the principles that allow us to determine the functional-semantic characteristics of "dynamic description" in literary texts. To identify these characteristics, the following genres of the "description" type were analyzed: descriptions of a person's appearance or portrait and nature. "Dynamic description" has so far remained outside the attention of researchers, despite its enormous text-forming potential. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the status of such a type of text as "dynamic description" within the system of functional-semantic types of speech has not yet been defined, which predetermines the purpose of the work—to reveal the functional-semantic characteristics of "dynamic description" and to determine its place in the system of speech types using predicates with the semantics of states. In accordance with the set goal, a semantic-contextual method based on the analysis of stative predicates, as well as the method of observation and description of linguistic facts, was employed. The methodological basis of the research consisted of works dedicated to the problem of text theory (O. A. Nechaev, N. B. Bessmertnaya, I. R. Galperin, M. P. Brandes) and functional grammar (A. A. Potebnja, Y. S. Maslov). The novelty of the research lies in the attempt to assert "dynamic description" as a distinct type of speech at the center of the opposition "description/narration," and the specificity of the functioning of stative predicates denoting changes in physical, psychological, or emotional states that construct this textual phenomenon and allow for an expansion of understanding of their text-forming role and functional possibilities. The main conclusions of the conducted research are as follows: during the analysis of descriptive genres (portrait, appearance of a person, nature), four types of "dynamic description" were identified: description of rapid change of state; description of slow change of state; description of cyclical action; description of change of state; the functional potentials of "dynamic description" were identified. It was concluded that in literary texts, "dynamic description" is a fairly frequent phenomenon that requires thorough investigation of its nature and linguistic means.

Keywords: static description, statal predicate, condition, dynamic description, diachronologeme, synchronologeme, narrative, description, fiction text, russian national corpus

Abstract: This article is devoted to the features of advertising discourse in the periodicals of the Volga Germans. The subject of the study is discursive features; the object is linguistic and extralinguistic markers of advertisements published in the Catholic weekly Klemens (1897–1907). Linguistic markers include the specifics of proper names, names of goods, services, prices, and unique vocabulary typical of the business sphere in German. Gothic fractures, illustrations, a wide range of fonts, and the location of inscriptions, logos, and graphic elements belong to extralinguistic markers. In the semiotic space of advertisements, the "principle of the energy imperative" is being actualized, which is the optimal combination of all elements that ensure the balance and expediency of the content for informing to achieve the desired result. The research applies general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, descriptive and textual methods, interpretative analysis of empirical material, and comparative and semiotic methods. The scientific novelty lies in the complex nature of the study of advertisements in terms of their discursive features; for the first time, such an analysis is carried out based on the material of the magazine of the Volga Germans, Klemens. The relevance of the research is determined by the need to study the uniqueness of the advertising discourse represented in the unique periodicals of the Volga Germans at the turn of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. The theoretical significance of the presented research lies in the fact that this work contributes to developing the theory of discourse. The results of the study can be used in lectures and practical classes in the discipline "Theory of Language" as part of the course "Business Communication in a Foreign (German) Language."

Keywords: linguistic markers, the Volga Germans, business communication, journalistic style, advertisement, Klemens weekly, german language, Advertising discourse, extralinguistic markers, energy imperative

Abstract: The subject of the research is the quality of video game language localization. The object of analysis is the official English localization of S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky. The article examines the distinction between the concepts of "translation" and "localization" within the framework of translation theory, analyzing their differences and intersections. Video game language localization is not merely a translation of text but an adaptation to the linguistic, cultural, and stylistic characteristics of the target audience. The primary focus is placed on identifying problematic aspects in adapting game texts for the target audience, including frequent errors and inconsistencies arising in the localization process. Typical issues such as translation equivalence violations, stylistic inconsistencies, excessive additions of information, and errors related to the interpretation of game realities are considered. Special attention is given to analyzing the impact of translation transformations on text perception and its correspondence to the original, providing deeper insight into the specifics of localization in the gaming industry. The aim of the research is to develop a system for assessing the quality of computer game language localization and to test it on the official English localization of S.T.A.L.K.E.R.: Clear Sky. The study employs an analysis of scientific and practical sources, as well as contextual-semantic and comparative analysis. A comprehensive approach to localization quality assessment is used, based on V. N. Komissarov's classification of translation errors and A. Chesterman's system of translation transformations. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of localized texts was conducted. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of a quality assessment system that integrates quantitative and qualitative criteria. The analysis revealed the most frequent errors: violations of denotative equivalence, stylistic inconsistencies, excessive additions of information, and deviations from the norms of the target language. The findings highlight the necessity of standardizing localization quality assessment criteria and confirm the need for strict assessment standards, along with a more detailed adaptation of the original content, considering the cultural and linguistic characteristics of the target audience. Translation adjustments for the identified errors were suggested, and general recommendations for improving the quality of video game text localization were formulated.

Keywords: translation transformations, assessment of video game localization, video game localization errors, translation vs localization, language localization of video games, locale, translation strategy, translation, game text adaptation, video game

Abstract: The subject of the study is the degree of influence of "runglish" (mixing Russian and English in speech) on the communication of modern youth. The object of the study is the spoken language of modern youth both in real life and in virtual life. Westernization and Western culture, which absorbs the Russian language, increasingly affects speech and vocabulary among the younger generation, so this problem should be considered both in the structure of live communication and on the Internet. The aim of the research is to study the influence of ”Runglish” on the modern youth language. The tasks are to study the works of scientists on the topic of ”Runglish”, published up to this point, as well as the study of social networks. The goals and objectives define the research methods. The research methods are content analysis and observation. Such a method as content analysis allows us to identify the most frequently used linguistic units used by young people and related to the concept of ”Runglish". The novelty of this work lies in the study of changes in the lexical stock of the younger generation that occurred relatively recently, and the emergence of new slang expressions related to ”runglish”. The results of the study allow us to determine the influence of English words and expressions on the formation of slang constructions and speech changes of modern native speakers of the Russian language. To identify the age aspect of changes in the most passionate and socially active group, to determine further trends in this phenomenon. The Anglicisms identified during the study of social networks make it possible to create a linguistic picture of modern youth and add to the list of new slang expressions that came from the English language. The findings may be useful for further research in the field of social languages, in particular slang as youth jargon.

Keywords: content analysis, stylistics, social networks, speech portrait, linguoculturology, social dialect, slang, speech behavior, lexicology, communication

Abstract: The article analyzes the role of the English language in shaping global identity within the context of modern globalization processes. It examines key challenges arising from its dominant position in international communication, education, and the professional sphere. The study focuses on the phenomenon of linguistic imperialism, the issue of language diversity preservation, and the processes of cultural adaptation and hybridization. Applying a sociolinguistic approach, the author explores the impact of the English language on the self-identification of Russian-speaking users. The study presents research data analyzing language preferences, discursive practices, and attitudes toward English as a means of intercultural communication in an institutional environment. In conclusion the author discusses possible directions for language policy and educational strategies aimed at preserving multilingualism in the context of the global spread of English. The study focuses not only on the spread of English as a lingua franca but also on its impact on the linguistic identity of Russian-speaking users. Its novelty lies in analyzing the perception of the English language among Russian-speaking students and educators, identifying trends in the adaptation of English-language discursive practices, examining the specific influence of English on the institutional identity of Russian-speaking users, and assessing the prospects for language policy and educational strategies in the context of English dominance on a global scale. The process of adapting English-language discursive practices reflects its profound influence on institutional self-definition. The use of English leads to the formation of new speech and cultural norms, as confirmed by research conducted among Russian-speaking participants. The adaptation of English language teaching methods, taking into account intercultural specifics and global changes in communication, is crucial. Digitalization and multimodal communication open new opportunities for learning and using English without the threat of losing linguistic diversity.

Keywords: EMI, hybridization, language diversity, multilingualism, institutional environment, intercultural communication, language identity, bilingualism, ELF, globalization

Abstract: This research examines the typology of rumors and fact-checking mechanisms in Chinese social media, focusing on the WeChat platform. The study analyzes 300 cases of disinformation extracted from the "Rumor Refutation Assistant" application in WeChat between 2023 and 2025 using Python-based tools.The author investigates the structural and content characteristics of rumors, their thematic classification across various categories (healthcare, public safety, and others), and both institutional and user-driven verification strategies. Special attention is given to the relationship between rumor types and fact-checking mechanisms' effectiveness within China's . The methodology includes content analysis for fakes typology, text mining techniques (TF-IDF, LDA), and social network analysis to examine information dissemination patterns. Findings reveal significant patterns in fakes distribution, where algorithmic and institutional factors substantially influence information perception. Healthcare-related messages (39.67%), technology information (23.00%), and public safety content (21.33%) dominate the fakes landscape. The author's contribution lies in analyzing information verification mechanisms within Chinese social media and identifying correlations between fake typologies and refutation strategies' effectiveness. The research novelty stems from examining rumor typology and fact-checking in the Chinese context, emphasizing WeChat's role in information dissemination. The study demonstrates that mitigating disinformation requires AI integration, active user participation in fact-checking, and effective legal regulation of the information space.

Keywords: debunking rumors, mass media, China, information verification, disinformation, WeChat, social media, fact-checking, rumor, discursive Strategies

Abstract: Modern texts of educational and pedagogical discourse are heterogeneous in their structure and form, since they consist not only of a verbal component, but also of a visual one, represented by drawings, photographs, diagrams, etc. The increase in the number of such texts in recent years has been caused by the advent of accessible multimedia technologies for their creation, on the one hand, and on the other hand, by the desire of the authors to appeal to the first signal system, enhancing the translocative effect of communication. The purpose of our study is to summarize the data obtained on the role visualization plays in the adaptation of texts of educational and pedagogical discourse and to identify common mechanisms for the creation of creolized adapted texts. The object of research is creolized texts of scientific and pedagogical discourse, and the subject is visualization as a mechanism for adapting such texts. For the analysis, texts from various fields of knowledge of educational and pedagogical discourse presented in school textbooks and the Internet were selected. Then, using content analysis, we studied texts consisting of a verbal and non-verbal component, which are commonly called creolized, tracing the mechanisms of their creation and the functions of the visual component in the adaptation of such texts. The results obtained during the study allowed us to draw the following conclusions: visualization, along with schematization and polycoding, as a mechanism of creolization is present in the vast majority of texts of educational and pedagogical discourse. Also, visual and verbal information in texts are interconnected and have certain forms of interaction. The visual component can replace the verbal one, add new information, or the verbal and visual information may overlap to a certain extent. We call such forms of interaction of visual and verbal components substitution, addition and intersection. By substitution, we mean an interaction in which the visual component represents a concept, phenomenon, or process, while the verbal component provides only its nominative characteristic. The visual component can complement the verbal one by introducing new information, for example, an image of a phenomenon in the surrounding world and verbal signatures that give it a scientific nomination. When the verbal and non-verbal components intersect, the visual component reveals only part of the general meaning of a concept.

Keywords: text visualization, heterogenious texts, polycode texts, linguasemiotics, pragmalinguistics, ways of text`s adaptation, Visual component, educational discourse, creolized texts, text adaptation

Abstract: The article addresses the issues of genre, imagery and style in the works of A. G. Ateev and A. P. Vladimirov, who are almost unexplored at the present stage. The subject of research is the literary meta-worlds of two contemporary writers, whose work is organically inscribed in the context of the latest “horror” literature. A comparative analysis of their imaginative worlds and style continuity with both Russian (N. V. Gogol, M. A. Bulgakov) and foreign classics (E. T. A. Hoffmann, A. Dumas-father) is carried out, and a dialog with the newest literature (K. Barker, S. King) is emphasized. The methodology of the work is based on the methods of comparative and contextual analysis. Semiotic, intertextual and structural-functional types of analysis are used as auxiliary techniques. The author clarifies conceptual approaches to the recently emerged theoretical and literary notion of “meta-world” (variant - “artistic universe”) as applied to the prose of Russian representatives of “horror” literature; the author proves the organic connection between the so-called “light”, fiction and classical genre constructs. The main loci and character types are singled out by analogy with the artifactual side of the meta-worlds of H. P. Lovecraft and S. King. The analysis of finales is carried out, which serves as additional evidence of the author's thesis about the presence in the newest Russian literature of “horror” of two style and plot-compositional lines in the organization of the narrative - conditionally “happy” and “uncertain” (“with many dots”). The mythological context (Slavic mythology and Hebrew legends) as a plot-forming for the texts of “scary” genres in the authors under consideration is given.

Keywords: intertextual analysis, A.P. Vladimirov, A.G. Ateyev, stylistic phenomena, plot, composition, fiction, russian literature, literary meta-worlds, mythological context

Abstract: The use of Zen Buddhist philosophy is important in Victor Pelevin's poetics. In this article, V. Pelevin's novels with the most obvious manifestations of Zen Buddhist philosophy, "Chapaev and the Void" (1996) and "The Sacred Book of the Werewolf" (2004), are selected as materials for analysis. At the end of these two novels, the characters have completed their Zen Buddhist practice and disappear from the world. Although both novels show the process of Zen Buddhist practice of the main characters, these methods of practice are different: Peter the Void relies more on Zen koans, he achieves enlightenment through external training and inspiration from the word, while Zen Buddhist practice of Ah Huli comes from within, from the characteristics of her personality. To identify Zen Buddhist philosophical ideas and methods of practice in novels (e.g. The use of koans, the concepts of "Emptiness" and "Buddha Nature", etc.) the article used cultural, historical and intertextual methods. Central to this work was the comparative method, which made it possible to identify differences in the methods and higher teachings of the heroes' practices. The scientific novelty of this study lies in the fact that, despite the interest of researchers in Zen Buddhist ideas in the works of V. Pelevin, at the moment the methods and higher teachings of Zen practice of his characters are poorly understood. As a result of the research, it was found that the difference in the practice of the heroes is manifested not only in the methods of their practice, but also in the knowledge of the "higher teaching". In the novel "Chapaev and the Void" it is the knowledge of the concept of "Emptiness", and in the novel "The Sacred Book of the Werewolf" it is the "Nature of the Buddha". These key concepts of Zen Buddhism act as the only way to salvation for the main characters. The author gradually leads the characters to enlightenment through them. In V. Pelevin's paradigm, the philosophy of Zen Buddhism is a tool used to save the main character, influencing the plot and composition of the novel. The philosophical thought of Zen Buddhism not only provides an ideological basis for a literary work, but also forms the logic of the text.

Keywords: Emptiness, philosophy, zen buddhist practice, The Sacred Book of the Werewolf, Chapayev and Void, zen buddhism, koan, Victor Pelevin, Buddha-Nature, enlightenment

Abstract: The article analyzes the image of a werewolf fox, formed in the Far Eastern mythological tradition and Russified in the stories of Russian authors Yuri Mamleev, Marta Ketro and Dmitry Vodennikov. The motive of werewolf among these writers has an indefinite character: on the one hand, werewolf can be understood literally by them, on the other ‒ as a metaphor (for example, feminine nature or poetic otherness). The werewolf foxes in the stories "The Teacher", "The Fox Wife", "The Confession of the Chinese Werewolf Fox" are placed by the authors in the Russian cultural and everyday context of the 1980s and the 1990s of the XXI century and are embedded in the space of a changing but unrelenting Russian spiritual search. In these works, they act as spiritual seekers and mentors in contact with two worlds, striving for a transcendent reality and revealing it to people. The presented article was written as part of a large study on the "Chinese text" of modern Russian literature. In addition to these works, it mentions some domestic novels, which also feature a werewolf fox. The relevance of the article is determined by the active interest of Russian literary criticism in borderline, intercultural phenomena that give rise to new artistic meanings. One of these phenomena is the Far Eastern werewolf fox, whose image variants have appeared in recent years among a large number of Russian writers. The relevance of the article also lies in the constantly expanding links between Russian and Chinese cultures. The novelty of the article is determined by the comparison made for the first time between the mentioned texts in the aspect of different and at the same time similar development and understanding by writers of different generations and different aesthetic attitudes of the image of the werewolf fox.

Keywords: transcendent reality, russification, werewolfism, bestiality, Japanese tradition, Chinese tradition, werewolf fox, Dmitry Vodennikov, Marta Ketro, Yuri Mamleev

Abstract: The Galenic corpus of texts provides extensive material for the study of not only medicine and philosophy of the 2nd century but also the cultural and intellectual life in Rome during this period. The aim of this article is to analyze a series of excerpts from Galen's works that reveal his role as one of the Roman intellectuals in the sophistic debates on Atticism and Asianism, and to clarify his contribution to maintaining terminological consistency in the Greek language of medicine. Although Galen wrote scientific and technical prose, he paid close attention to issues of language and style, emphasizing the classical Greek education he received in his childhood and his adherence to the Attic tradition. Linguistic digressions aimed at clarifying archaic terminology are found in Galen's numerous commentaries on the works of Hippocrates, where he explains difficult passages by referring to classical Attic literature. Additionally, Galen drew on the Greek language prevalent in Asia Minor, which he also used to interpret Hippocratic terms. Beyond classical literature, he was well acquainted with the Hellenistic lexicographical tradition and criticized contemporary physicians for introducing neologisms unsupported by prior medical traditions. Galen's approach to language was not limited to literary sources; he often relied on personal experience and regional usage, particularly in pharmacology. Galen's remarks on language demonstrate his deep knowledge of Greek dialects and his commitment to preserving terminological consistency rooted in the texts of ancient medical authors. The findings of this study enhance our understanding of the period known as the Second Sophistic, filling some gaps in the field of sophistic debates on the language of science, particularly the language of medicine.

Keywords: Greek dialects, Atticism, Asianism, standardization of terminology, ancient commentary, lexicology, Greek language of medicine, Second Sophistic, Galenic Corpus, Galen

Abstract: The subject of our study is the differences in language in terms of gender. The article defines the concept “gender” as the social sex of a person, and also presents a brief excursion into the history of research about the influence of gender on the speech behavior of men and women. The questions of female and male language existence was discussed by linguists long time ago. From their points of vew speech behavior depends on gender identity. By examining language through the lens of social stratification and gender roles, we can better understand complexities of communication and identity. This perspective encourages a more nuanced view of language variation, highlighting the importance of context, social expectations, and the dynamic interplay of various factors that shape how individuals express themselves linguistically. The aim of the article is to investigate the retrospective dynamics of gender studies in the field of linguistics. The author uses the method of diachronic analysis of early and later works on the influence of gender on language variation. All researchers emphasize the androcentricity of language. However, there are some doubts that this tendency is an expression of gender inequality and dominance of male language over female language. Furthermore, conclusions about historical androcentricity depend on the gender identity of authors. From the point of view of early works, masculine and feminine identity is reflected in the linguistic means used, as well as in the rhetoric and expression of speech behavior. It is important to recognize the intensification of gender-focused research in linguistics. The author finds similar points of view in later works. The article reflects the author's intermediate conclusions in the study of verbalization of gender stereotypes, which contribute to the understanding of the world picture and the creation of a conflict-free communicative space.

Keywords: gender identity, dominating, gender aspect, verbalization of gender stereotypes, speech behavior, androcentricity, gender linguistic, linguistic variability, gender stereotypes, gender

Abstract: The article analyses the novels "The Master and Margarita" by M. A. Bulgakov, "The Great Gatsby" by F. S. Fitzgerald and "The Song of Endless Longing" by Wang Anyi from the point of view of the presence of musical images associated with specific musical works, performers, genres, instruments, etc. in them. Music influences the themes and issues, images of the protagonists, character system, plot, composition, motive structure, and stylistic features of these books. In all three novels the presence of two spheres – earthly space and other-worldly reality – is revealed. These spheres, having opposite axiological connotations, manifest themselves also through music. New York, Moscow and Shanghai are portrayed by the writers as cities existing within the real or conventional "jazz age" – in a broad sense within the era of "nervous excitement" against the background of past and approaching turbulent changes. Jazz in "The Master and Margarita", "The Great Gatsby" and "Song of Endless Longing" symbolises the illusory romanticisation of earthly life, which in fact is full of ugly, suffering and transitory things. The heroes of Bulgakov, Fitzgerald, Van Anyi in the final stories, being killed, pass into otherness, leaving behind a coarse and vulgar world filled with earthly noise, characterised by falsity or cacophony, and hearing harmonious music associated with natural sounds or coming from metaphysical soundlessness. The relevance of the article is determined by the high interest of modern literary studies to the comparison of works created in different national cultures, in particular – in Russian, Western and Chinese, as well as to intermedial phenomena, in this case – to the interaction between literature and music. The novelty of the article is due to the comparison of the novels of Bulgakov, Fitzgerald and Wang Anyi, which has never been made before.

Keywords: harmony of silence, metaphysical transition, comparativist analysis, romanticisation, travesty, jazz age, musical images, Wang Anyi, Francis Scott Fitzgerald, Michael Bulgakov

Abstract: The subject of the research is the main traditional and innovative methods of teaching a foreign language, which are actively used in the modern educational process. In the context of globalization, foreign language proficiency is important for the professional formation and development of an individual, and therefore, the modern education system pays close attention to teaching foreign languages. However, discussions often arise in the educational environment regarding the expediency of using certain teaching methods or the need to combine them to increase the effectiveness of students' learning of knowledge and skills. Taking into account the dynamics of the Russian educational system, as well as the specifics and diversity of approaches used in the language learning system, the relevance and importance of analyzing and evaluating the methods and approaches used becomes obvious. The authors used methods of theoretical analysis and empirical research (observation, comparison, etc.), since a combination of theoretical and practical teaching is of particular applied importance for a foreign language. In this article, the authors emphasize the expediency of combining established traditions and innovative approaches in modern methods of teaching a foreign language. Based on the analysis of the most common foreign language teaching methods, their strengths and weaknesses have been identified, which it seems advisable to take into account in the process of improving educational approaches. Many teaching methods that have been used and demonstrated practical effectiveness for decades are still relevant today, but this does not at all indicate their exceptional priority. Attention is focused on the prospects of combining various methods in order to improve the effectiveness of teaching a foreign language. The relevance of the introduction of information and digital technologies into the process of teaching a foreign language is emphasized, however, these novels are considered as improvements in teaching methods, rather than appropriate techniques.

Keywords: design methodology, grammar and translation methodology, competence-based approach, innovative techniques, traditional methods, foreign language, teaching methods, teaching methodology, communication methodology, digital methodology

Abstract: The subject of the study is the semantic evolution of the Latin loan word "sic" (so) from the usage of the late XVIII – early XXI century. The object of the research is the process of migration of the borrowed lexeme from the scientific style to the journalistic one and then into the practice of online communication of anonymous forums and image boards. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the topic as the shades of meaning of the word sic when it first appeared in the Russian language (based on the materials of the National Corpus of the Russian Language), subsequent changes in meaning, dating back to the context of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "Idiot", and the introduction of the analyzed lexeme into the practice of anonymous dialogues on the Internet. Special attention is paid to the functions of the analyzed borrowing in modern Internet dialogues and its use as a marker of meta-irony and distancing the subject of speech from the quoted point of view. The research methods include a quantitative analysis conducted using corpus linguistics tools, as well as a method of semantic analysis of isolated contexts from texts of scientific, journalistic, artistic style, as well as anonymous dialogues on the Internet. The main conclusions of the study concern the functions of the Latin use of sic : the first contexts of its use date back to the second half of the 19th century, the latest contexts indicate the context of self-irony, meta-irony. A special contribution of the authors to the research of the topic is the identification, using the means of corpus linguistics, of the moment of the origin of the expressive semantics of the Latin word sic and its further development in the Russian language. The scientific novelty of the study lies in tracing the trajectory of the semantic change of this word throughout the history. The analyzed borrowing has not previously been considered in Russian science either from the point of view of its semantics or from the point of view of the pragmatics of its use in modern discourse, which determines the novelty of the research being undertaken.

Keywords: image board, latinism, evolution, internet communication, scientific style, internet, latin language, borrowing, journalistic style, media

Abstract: British national identity has been under constant study by scientists for a long period of time, but after Brexit, interest in this topic has increased significantly. The British nation, especially the part of it that was on the side of the Eurosceptics, after Brexit was aimed at strengthening the British identity and completely destroying any influence of globalization on the inner worldview of the British nation. But despite the expectation of the British, many scientists agree that the national British identity is still in crisis. Thus, the object of this research is the syntactic tools of the English-language political discourse of online mass media, and the purpose is to identify the current state of British national identity through the analysis of syntactic tools of political discourse in modern Britain. Current works (most are under five years old) of Russian and foreign scientists in the field of political discourse and national, including British, identity form the methodological basis of the research. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time the state of national British identity is considered by analyzing the syntactic tools of discourse of current publications of British online publications. The analysis of syntactic tools of English-language political discourse is carried out on the basis of online media texts for the period January – February 2025, which makes the study innovative and reflects the trends of modern linguistic science. As a result of the conducted research, it was found that the British national identity is expressed most often by such syntactic tools as the subjunctive mood, passive constructions and the use of modal verbs. The research perspective is to study intertextuality and interdiscursivity as a way of constructing the discursive expression of British national identity, as well as the pragmatic aspect of the discursive formation of national British identity.

Keywords: Brexit, syntax, political discourse, online-magazine, syntactic tools, British national identity, national identity, English language, discourse, media