Abstract: The article is devoted to the interpretation of V. Bryusov's novellas by Chinese critics and the identification of factors influencing their perspectives. The focus of the research is the works of Chinese literary scholars studying V. Bryusov's novellas. The analysis reveals that the initial introduction of V. Bryusov's novellas in China began in the 1920s, influenced by the "May Fourth Movement." However, from the mid-1930s to the late 1980s, the study of V. Bryusov's novellas in China did not progress. Since the early 1990s, Chinese critics have once again turned their attention to V. Bryusov's works, leading to the emergence of numerous new research directions. In light of this, the study of the reception of V. Bryusov's novellas in China is typically divided into two periods: early criticism (1920s–1940s) and contemporary criticism (1990s–present). The aim of this work is to provide a comprehensive overview of the Chinese reception of V. Bryusov's short prose, taking into account changes in the socio-political environment. To achieve this goal, the following research methods are employed: cultural-historical and comparative analysis. The study of V. Bryusov's works in China during different periods exhibited distinct characteristics. In the early stage of reception, Chinese literary criticism was heavily influenced by political and social factors, which was reflected in the critical evaluation of his works. Contemporary Chinese researchers studying V. Bryusov's novellas primarily focus on the poetic principles of symbolism and the dystopian themes in his works. In recent years, new research directions have emerged, such as the analysis of disaster depictions, female consciousness in V. Bryusov's works, and comparative studies. The scientific novelty of this work lies in identifying the Chinese-specific reception of V. Bryusov's literary works based on an analysis of critical and literary studies in Chinese.

Keywords: Zhou Qichao, Mao Dun, dvoeverie, situation tales, dystopia, symbolism, chinese critics, novelistics, Valery Bryusov, russian literature

Abstract: The subject of the study is the system of hero nominations and titles in the Old English epic "Beowulf" as a reflection of the linguistic personality and cultural concepts of Anglo-Saxon society. Special attention is paid to the analysis of an extensive system of nominations for warriors and rulers, reflecting the complex social hierarchy and value orientations of society. The author examines in detail the nominations related to the institution of donation, which allows for a deeper understanding of the social mechanisms and cultural concepts of the era. The research is aimed at identifying the features of the linguistic worldview and the social structure of the Anglo-Saxons through the prism of the nomination system in the epic. This study also seeks to uncover the relationship between the linguistic features of the nominations and their cultural and historical context, which contributes to a deeper understanding of Anglo-Saxon society and its literary traditions. The research methodology includes linguistic, cultural and conceptual analysis, as well as elements of historical and comparative linguistics. A comprehensive approach is applied to the analysis of nominations in terms of reflecting linguistic personality and cultural concepts in them. The main conclusions of the study are the identification of an extensive system of nominations in the epic "Beowulf", reflecting the complex social hierarchy and value orientations of Anglo-Saxon society, as well as the establishment of a link between nominations and the institution of giving. A special contribution of the author is a comprehensive analysis of the nominations of heroes, which made it possible to identify deep connections between linguistic structures and the socio-cultural realities of Anglo-Saxon society. The novelty of the research lies in the integration of linguistic analysis methods with cultural and historical approaches, which provided a new perspective on the relationship between language, culture and social structure in the context of the Old English epic. The results of the research make a significant contribution to the fields of historical linguistics, cultural studies, literary studies and social anthropology, providing a new perspective on the relationship between language, culture and social structure in the context of the Old English epic. The analysis of the nominations in "Beowulf" revealed the deep connections between linguistic structures and the socio-cultural realities of Anglo-Saxon society.

Keywords: military culture, institution of gift-giving, hero-ruler, hero-warrior, title, Anglo-Saxon society, nomination, Beowulf, Old English epic, language personality

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to form language competence as one of the main factors of professional growth of a future specialist. In particular, the research is based on the terminology of the field of biomedical engineering. Therefore, they need to be organized in order to simplify the definition process, to effectively highlight specific meanings and their translations, which in turn will allow scientists to explore certain phenomena and concepts with extraordinary accuracy. The article examines the peculiarities of cognitive and translational aspects of studying English and Russian terminology of biomedical engineering. It is noted that the specialized language of such an interdisciplinary field as biomedical engineering contains concepts that concentrate specific knowledge of technical, medical and topically scientific experience. In cognitive linguistics, concepts are considered in connection with the background knowledge. The specialized language of biomedical engineering is presented as a cognitive-communicative organization of concepts, notions and related terms in such highly specialized fields as bioinstrumentation, biomedical cybernetics, biomechanics, system physiology, rehabilitation engineering, diagnosis of diseases and disorders, etc. Translators should always take into account the following context criteria in the translation process: linguistic context, situational context and cognitive context. Based on the comparative analysis of binary texts – texts of the same genre and issue – the concept “sleep disturbance” is considered as a certain matrix of the terminological base of the concepts of the specified issue and basis for compiling highly specialized thematic mini-dictionaries. We must find as many unifying characteristics as possible, organizing the terms into conceptually similar groups, linking them with certain research methods, etc.

Keywords: language, text, binary texts, specialized terminology glossaries, translation, term, terminology, specialized language, concept, biomedical engineering

Abstract: A significant part of the voluminous corpus of texts by Galen (129–210/217 AD) are composed of works written in the genre of narrative prose. In this article, using the material of his anatomical works, in particular, the work "On the bones for beginners", different types of narrative discourse and their linguistic markers are analyzed, such as first-person statements, self-references, transitions from the past tense to the present or future, metadiscursive expressions and appeals to a fictitious interlocutor, expressions of the author's opinion or value judgments, the use of extraclausal components, such as interjections and particles of the ancient Greek language. The results of the study showed that the style of narrative prose by Galen is characterized by features of conversational diaphonic discourse, which implies a continuous dialogue with the reader. Despite the author's distinct style, it is noted that Galen's prose has a number of common features with the works of the sophists of his time who belonged to the circle of the Second Sophistic, such as Lucian or Aelius Aristides, and, on the contrary, differs greatly from the technical prose of his medical contemporaries, for example, from the works of Rufus of Ephesus, Soranus or the authors of the Pseudo-Galenic corpus of texts. Further study of the narrative discourse in Galen's texts opens up broad prospects for the analysis and mapping of his texts, which will allow us to see the intertextual layers of his works that are hidden to this day, as well as to understand the specifics of Greek prose of the imperial period. The article may be useful to philologists, linguists, historians of science and medicine and find application in lecture courses and practical classes on the analytical reading of ancient authors.

Keywords: rhetorical argumentation, intertextuality, metadiscursive expressions, markers of discourse, ancient medical prose, particles and interjections, narrative discourse, anatomical writings, types of discourse, Galen

Abstract: The article considers the problem of effective assessment of the quality (completeness) of consecutive interpretation in the field of military translation. The authors emphasize that it is necessary to develop an objective method for assessing the completeness of the translation. Accordingly, such an assessment of translation quality should minimally depend on the human factor and rely more on mathematical (quantitative) methods of quality assessment. The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for an objective assessment of the completeness of translated information in oral consecutive military interpretation. The research methodology consists of four stages: 1) analyzing existing methods for assessing the quality of consecutive interpretation; 2) identifying key methods for assessing the completeness of consecutive military interpretation that can provide objective data; 3) identifying metrics for calculating the completeness of consecutive interpretation; 4) conducting test calculations. The academic novelty of the research consists in the fact that a method is proposed for quantifying the semantic content of an interpretation in comparison with the semantic content of the text of the original utterance by counting propositions in each of the texts and analyzing the results. The quality of interpretation in terms of its completeness is assessed by obtaining data such as the proportion (percentage) of accurately translated information, the proportion of deviations from the original meaning of the utterance, the proportion of distortions of meaning and the proportion of unreasonable additions — meanings not included in the original message, but used in the interpretation text. The result of the research is a developed method for quantifying the completeness of translated information in consecutive military interpretation, which provides almost exhaustive information about the completeness of the translation and can be used to assess the interpreter's qualifications and translation quality.

Keywords: translation accuracy, consecutive interpretation, proposition, translation completeness, translation assessment methods, military interpretation, military translation, quantitative quality assessment, translation studies, translation equivalence

Abstract: The subject of the study is the pragmastilistic specifics of the genre of investigative journalism, considered on the example of newspaper publications by Yu. Shchekochikhin. The empirical base of the study includes investigative journalism by Yu. Shchekochikhina, united by a common theme, is the emergence and development of organized crime and the mafia in the USSR and post–Soviet Russia, published in Literaturnaya Gazeta: "The lion jumped!", "The Lion jumped: a look from across the ocean", "Under the control of the mafia", "Lion hunting, or shadow fight", "Gurov left... did the lion eat?", "Alien", "Hello, dear mafia", as well as investigations released on on the pages of Novaya Gazeta: "Life is good for those who fight the mafia," "Lev jumped into the 21st century. They're already in uniform". The research uses general scientific methods: observation, comparison, description, systematization of empirical material, as well as the methodology of pragmatic text analysis. The relevance and scientific novelty of the research is seen in the fact that at present the genre of investigative journalism is in demand, the true edge format, which is genetically derived from the designated genre, has gained particular popularity. However, the study of the historical context of this genre, its foundations and basic features is important and promising. Moreover, the research of investigative journalism by Yu is not presented in the works of Russian scientists. Yu. Shchekochikhin from the point of view of their detailed pragmastilistic analysis. Most of the works are devoted to the study of the journalistic skills of Yu. Shchekochikhin, although these studies are fragmentary, there are still no fundamental monographic works devoted to the author's journalistic activities. The study revealed genre-forming features of investigative journalism, identified dominant communication strategies and tactics objectified in publications Yu's Shchekochikhina.

Keywords: speech effects, The picture of the world, Media linguistics, media journalism, pragmastilistics, communication tactics, communication strategy, method, genre, investigative journalism

Abstract: This article examines the information strategy of the Xinhua News Agency in the context of the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Russia, with a particular focus on publication features and the use of a new media matrix. By leveraging its official website as the central platform, along with coordinated interactions on Weibo, WeChat, and Douyin, Xinhua News Agency successfully implements multidimensional content delivery and effectively reaches its target audience, meeting diverse informational demands. The materials highlight the interactions between the leaders of the two countries and the outcomes of strategic cooperation between China and Russia, underscoring the crucial role of bilateral relations on the international stage and their global impact. Additionally, the study considers how Xinhua’s engagement with audiences across multiple digital platforms fosters public discourse and strengthens China’s strategic communication capacity. Through the application of content analysis, statistical word frequency analysis, and co-occurrence analysis, the article identifies the thematic structure and coverage features, as well as existing challenges within the new media matrix, such as content uniformity, fragmentation, and the need for deeper audience interaction. The study demonstrates that Xinhua News Agency’s media matrix effectively counteracts information space fragmentation, enhances content focus, and bolsters the narrative surrounding Sino-Russian relations. However, further improvement requires optimizing platform interactions, refining content integration mechanisms, and incorporating more interactive elements to enhance user engagement. These enhancements will not only deepen coverage but also enable a multidimensional analytical approach that better aligns with audience preferences in the digital age. This research provides theoretical and practical foundations for leading media outlets to effectively utilize new media matrices in the digital era for the coverage of significant events, reinforcing their role in shaping global information flows.

Keywords: Media platforms, Media discourse, 75th anniversary of diplomatic ties, new media, media matrix strategy, information dissemination strategies, China-Russia relations, Xinhua News Agency, China, Russia

Abstract: The subject of research is the historical and literary modification of various images of the “cursed thing” in Russian literature (demonic portrait, black glove, money coupon, occult book-grimoire, videotape, gramophone), starting from the XIX century (the works of Antoni Pogorelsky and N.V. Gogol) and the modern experiments of Russian writers within the framework of numerous subgenres of literary horror (texts by E.N. Uspensky, A.P. Vladimirov and A.G. Ateev). The work is based on literature texts, which determines its local research character and gives the prospect for further study. The methodology of the work is based on the structural-semiotic method in the scientific interpretation of the Moscow-Tartu School, in particular, on the works of Y.M. Lotman and V.N. Toporov. Hermeneutic, motive and intertextual types of analysis are applied. For the comparative analysis of the artistic image the contextual analysis and the method of philosophical-ontological analysis of A.E. Eremeev are used. The scientific novelty of the article is determined by the fact of insufficient study of the phenomenon of “terrible” in the Russian literary tradition, as well as the importance of the image of the “cursed thing” in the ethical and aesthetic perspective of the existence of the artistic concept. According to the author's observations, the images of things and artifacts touched by a curse (generic, external, etc.) in the space of Russian prose of the XIX-XXI centuries are characterized by a certain continuity with Western European culture, and, on the other hand, they acquire a philosophical and symbolic meaning, in which ethical and religious axiology is strengthened.

Keywords: ethical and aesthetic perspective, symbolization, philosophical prose, literary horror, Russian literature, cursed thing, artistic image, poetics of the terrible, artistic anthropology, motif of temptation

Abstract: The subject of the study is the perception of the musical beginning of Federico Garcia Lorca's play "The Bloody Wedding" (1933) in Russian translations. The object of the study was the text of the original play in Spanish and two of its translations into Russian (A.V. Fevralsky, F. V. Kelin and N. R. Malinovskaya and A.M. Geleskula). The article examines the features of the poetics of the play, its musicality, and the features of flamenco style. The points of view of researchers regarding the musicality of an artistic work and the connection of Garcia Lorca's work with folk and classical music are given. Special attention is paid to the perception of the musical principle based on the flamenco style, its significance in the play and its re-creation in translation into Russian.  During the research, the method of structural and motivic analysis was used to identify the features of the play's structure and its main motives. The use of the comparative method made it possible to identify the stylistic features of cante hondo, flamenco, and Spanish folk songs in the original and translations. The main conclusions of the study are to identify the peculiarities of perception and reconstruction of the rhythmic organization of the text in the Russian translations by A. V. Fevralsky, F. V. Kelin (1939), N. R. Malinovskaya, A.M. Geleskula (2000). It is noted that all the structural components of the drama are connected by a general mood of anxiety and increasing tension, similar to that carried by the folk art of flamenco. Despite the transformations, the change of rhythm and tonality, the translators certainly perceived and recreated the musical beginning of the play and its folklore basis, thanks to which the Russian "Bloody Wedding" retains its expressiveness and vivid Spanish flavor. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to conduct a comparative analysis of the original and translations of Garcia Lorca's play "The Bloody Wedding" in order to identify the peculiarities of the perception of the musical principle in Russian translations in connection with the problem of reception of the poetics of Lorca's dramaturgy and the realization of the author's idea.

Keywords: cante jondo, flamenco, Blood Wedding, theatre, synthesis of arts, Garcia Lorca, musicality, rhythm, sigiriya, translation perception

Abstract: The subject of the research is the means of creating a humorous effect in internet memes. The object of the research is Russian-language internet memes circulating in the Russian segment of the internet space. Particular attention is paid to the polycodality and multimodality of memes, which determine the interaction of various sign systems and the formation of multi-layered comic meanings. The study examines various rhetorical and stylistic means of creating a humorous effect in internet memes, such as puns, occasionalisms, metaphor, allegory, hyperbole, personification, antithesis, and the effect of violated expectations. Intertextual connections, cultural codes, and playful elements that provide variable models of humor perception are also considered. The methodology of the research is based on rhetorical-stylistic and linguo-semiotic analysis. Methods of multimodal and discourse analysis are used to identify the interaction of textual and visual components in the polycode constructions of internet memes. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the study of the internet meme as a polycode text in internet discourse, combining verbal and visual components to create a multi-layered humorous effect. It has been revealed that the key characteristic of memes is intertextuality, manifested through the use of recognizable textual and visual templates. The polycodality of internet memes determines the multimodality of rhetorical and stylistic means of creating humor, including lexico-semantic techniques, visual tropes, and expressive figures. Visual means form figurative comparisons and associative connections, enhancing comic perception, while expressive techniques organize the comic structure of the statement, emphasize semantic contrasts, and create paradoxical situations. The leading means of creating humor in internet memes is multimodal metaphor. Thus, internet memes represent a powerful tool of humorous internet communication, combining irony, satire, and absurdity.

Keywords: stylistic devices, tropes, irony, multimodality, polycodality, comic effect, humor, internet meme, intertextuality, rhetorical-stylistic strategies

Abstract: This article continues the research published in the journal Philosophical Thought No. 9 and 10 (2024) and No. 1 (2025). The purpose of the article is to substantiate the bioessential deterministic paradigm in linguistics as an anthropocentric one in a broad sense. The subject of the research is the bioessential deterministic paradigm, understood as anthropocentric in a broad sense. The relevance of the article is due to the adoption of the Declaration on Animal Consciousness. In April 2024, the New York Declaration on Animal Consciousness was adopted by the scientific community. This declaration asserts the existence of consciousness of animals. Since consciousness, mind, thinking and language are interconnected, the authors suggest talking about the language of animals. The authors believe that all living things have the language ability and are bioessentially determined. The anthropocentric paradigm studies language from the standpoint of a native speaker. In previous articles, the system-structural and bioessential-deterministic meta-paradigms were described in a transdisciplinary aspect. In this article, the authors describe the bioessential deterministic paradigm in a single discipline - linguistics. In linguistics, the system-structural and anthropocentric paradigms are traditionally distinguished. It is traditionally considered that systemic structuralism studies language as a system of signs, while anthropocentrism studies language taking into account the human factor. The authors propose to expand the understanding of anthropocentrism. The terms bioessential deterministic paradigm and bioessential determinism are introduced. The bioessential deterministic paradigm is understood as an anthropocentric paradigm in a broad sense. Bioessential determinism is understood as being conditioned by the essence of life; the essence is conditioned by life. Bioessential determinism presupposes the study of the language of any living being, whereas anthropocentrism presupposes the study of human language only. Thus, anthropocentrism is a special case of bioessential determinism. Language as a system is a legacy of systemic structuralism. According to the authors, the bioessential deterministic paradigm is what makes linguistics psycholinguistics.

Keywords: mind, language, the language of animals, Declaration of consciousness, bioessentialism, the system-structural paradigm, bioessential deterministic paradigm, bioessential determinism, the anthropocentric paradigm, anthropocentrism

Abstract: The subject of the study is the author's metafictional discourse, expressed in a complex of discursive elements, having a different genre and functional nature. In Matvey Komarov's novel Vanka Cain, metraleflexion is a complex that includes metalepsis, digressions, generalizations, glosses, but also elements of paratext, for example, "Forewarning" and metatext, for example, footnotes. All these elements are in a unique configuration, form a single system of the author's discourse, and reflect the general meta-ethics of the work. Therefore, analyzing them as a system, we do not separate individual elements, but two of their complexes reflecting the key opposition of the metapoetics of the work: metafictional commentary and metanarrative commentary. The first one thematizes the work of fiction and fantasy. The second focuses on the reflection of literary and rhetorical forms. In Komarov's novel, they have their own specifics, peculiar to the rhetorical consciousness, modified by the folk tradition of popular literature.  In the study, we use the teleological approach developed in Russian philology by A. Skaftym, in which the emphasis is placed on the total importance of all elements of the work. Also, following Yu. Chumakov, we include the author's notes in the text of the work. Based on postclassical German narratology, we separate the metafictional and metanarrative author's comments. The novelty of the research lies in the consideration of the author's metapoetics in the early work of Matvey Komarov. In the analytical allocation of its explicit, verbalized form by the author, in the commentary, which had not previously been the subject of research. This required a methodologically innovative combination of the perspectives of the immanent analysis of a literary work and the narratological analysis of an author's work, during which it became possible to distinguish two, metanarrative and metafictional, systems of author's judgments in the text. At the same time, due to the specifics of the subject, the identification of the features of Matvey Komarov's literary consciousness became particularly valuable research results. His conceptualization of literature as a quality of form, the rhetorical perception of fiction as a technique. And, on the contrary, relying on evidence and experience in the design of history, understanding its nature as a reflection of reality, an emblematic vision of it as a fragment having didactic value.

Keywords: The novel of the XVIII century, Matvey Komarov, Metanarrative comment, metafictional commentary, Authorial commentary, Metareflexion, Metapoetics, The author's voice, Narratology, Authorial intrusions

Abstract: This article examines the historical development of the Spanish language on Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula, where centuries of contact with Yucatec Maya have shaped a distinct regional dialect. The study spans four key phases: pre-colonial, colonial, post-colonial, and contemporary, revealing the dynamics of linguistic synthesis, resistance, and adaptation. During the pre-colonial era (pre-16th century), Yucatan was a center of Maya civilization, with the Yucatec dialect, hieroglyphic writing, and complex socio-religious systems laying the groundwork for subsequent language contact. The colonial period (16th–18th centuries) saw the domination of Spanish through administrative and religious institutions. However, missionaries such as Diego de Landa documented Maya, preserving elements of its lexicon and phonetics. Linguistic synthesis manifested in loanwords, substrate influences on pronunciation and syntax, and covert bilingualism, where Maya persisted in private and ritual contexts. The post-colonial phase (19th–20th centuries) was marked by tensions between language unification policies and Indigenous resistance, particularly during the Caste War (1847–1901). The henequen boom reinforced social stratification, linking Spanish to urban elites and Maya to rural laborers. In the 20th century, educational reforms and the stigmatization of Indigenous languages were counterbalanced by cultural revival and bilingual initiatives. The contemporary era (21st century) is characterized by asymmetric bilingualism: while 30% of the population speaks Maya, its use among youth is declining. Globalization and tourism introduce Anglicisms, yet digital platforms and legal reforms promote revitalization. Unique features of Yucatan Spanish, such as glottal stops, pronoun duplication, and culturally rooted lexicon, endure as markers of regional identity. The article concludes that the future of Yucatan’s linguistic landscape hinges on balancing educational programs, digital inclusion, and cultural preservation. This research contributes to the study of language contact and the challenges of sustaining minority languages in a globalized world.

Keywords: loanwords, bilingualism, indigenous languages, Yucatecan Spanish, Mexican Spanish, Spanish language, Mayan language, contact linguistics, history of Spanish, linguistic situation in Yucatan

Abstract: Today any language is subject to the processes of digitalization. The new virtual reality of Internet media and the new discursive format (visual-display text) need the revision and re-actualization of many values. For the first time, the linguo-axiology of military-political discourse (based on the material of Chinese and English-language media resources) acts as a research subject. The main content of the study is concentrated around the analysis of the concepts of “linguo-axiology” and “military-political discourse” from the linguistic point of view. The study of language functioning of modern discursive practices in foreign-language media is the most urgent direction of modern socio-humanitarian knowledge, including linguistic science. The aim of the article is to study scientific-theoretical concepts and approaches to the development of the interdisciplinary phenomenon of linguo-axiology of military-political discourse as a methodological key in analyzing foreign-language (digital) media. Media linguistic analysis, discourse analysis, the method of multimodal text analysis, etc. are used as research methods. Results suggest that the concept of linguo-axiology is revealed (based on the material of Chinese and English-language media resources). The present study concludes that the approach is worthwhile and promising for further research.

Keywords: political linguistics, digital language, Internet communication, media-discourse, the method of multimodal text analysis, discourse analysis, discourse, political-military discourse, Chinese language, linguo-axiology

Abstract: The subject of the work is the content of evaluativeness as a discourse characteristic, reflecting the speaker's subjective attitude to the objects and phenomena of the surrounding reality. The work pays considerable attention to the differentiation of evaluation and evaluativeness. Evaluation is defined as the expression of an individual opinion with a positive, negative or neutral coloring, based on social and cultural norms and experience. Evaluativeness is considered more broadly as a set of linguistic means that make it possible to convey a subjective attitude at various levels of discourse. The goal of the work is a systematization of the evaluativeness concept, including its differentiation from modality and tonality, as well as the description of the types and characteristics of evaluative statements. The work focuses on the description of explicit and implicit forms of evaluation expression, their role in media discourse and their influence on the formation of public opinion. General scientific methods (analysis, synthesis) and logical comparison method can be considered as methods of conducting the work. Thus, evaluativeness is a key characteristic of discourse, influencing its semantics and pragmatics. This category is shown in explicit and implicit forms, each of which plays an important role in creating the axiological structure of the text. The work specifies the differentiation of evaluativeness, modality and tonality. In terms of cognitive and discursive approach, evaluativeness integrates modality aspects (grammatical characteristics) and tonality aspects (emotional and stylistic features), acting as a universal category for the media discourse analysis. The novelty lies in the systematic approach to the analysis of evaluativeness using various linguistic theories and stressing its key elements. The research results can be applied in the study of mechanisms of forming public opinion, the development of methods for analyzing media texts, as well as in teaching linguistics and communication theory.

Keywords: sentiment analysis, cognitive and discursive approach, linguistics, explicit evaluation, implicit evaluation, discourse, value, evaluativeness, media discourse, evaluation forming

Abstract: The subject of the study is the function of figurative units in mediated political discourse, their influence on the perception and interpretation of information by the audience. The object of the research is mediated political discourse, represented in the texts of Russian and Chinese internet blogs, interviews with politicians, and political talk shows reflecting current political realities. The author examines in detail aspects such as the concept of mediated political discourse and imagery, the use of figurative units to enhance the impact on the audience, perform evaluative functions, and soften or intensify the content of the message. Special attention is paid to comparing the types of figurative units used in political communication in both countries, their significance in creating a convincing image and strengthening the emotional connection with the audience. Using continuous sampling, more than 150 texts from political talk shows, interviews with politicians, and blogs were collected and analyzed in terms of figurative units. The article proposes a new approach to classifying figurative units in mediated political discourse, identifying five key types: metaphors, figurative comparisons, idioms, precedent phenomena, proverbs, colloquialisms, and swear words. The author introduces a functional classification that allows a more detailed examination of the role of these units in political communication. Attention is paid to three functions of figurative units: the impact function, the evaluative function, and the functions of intensifying or softening content, which helps to better understand the mechanisms of influence on public perception and the political context. Figurative units in mediated political discourse play a crucial role in shaping political image, enhancing persuasiveness, and influencing public opinion. The influence of figurative means on the perception of information and evaluation of political events is key for shaping political views.

Keywords: Media Discourse, Political Discourse, function of mitigating content, function of strengthening conten, evaluative function, influencing function, figurative units, mediated political discourse, Imagery, Political Communication

Abstract: The article is devoted to the Povolzhie Germans' confessional ego documents. The subject of the study are linguistic and extra linguistic markers of religious genre considering the examples of confirmation certificates of Lutherans lived in Brunnental settlement. Confirmations in the form of written certificates contain quotes from the Bible, fragments of preaching, lines of hymns, and choral verses in the German language. Extra linguistic markets include graphic images of plots of Bible stories, the image of the Savior, Gothic fractures, peculiarities of artistic design (floral components and predominance of red colour), fragments of musical spiritual culture. The set of linguistic and extra linguistic markers organizes specific distinct structure in the form of value prescriptions for a Lutheran. Comparative method made it possible to classify ego documents samples. Semiotic, lingo cultural methods contributed to identification of religious discourse. The scientific novelty lies in a complex character of examination of samples of confessional ego documents of Lutherans lived in Brunnental settlement from the point of view of their genre specifics. The relevance of the work is due to the need to study the uniqueness of religious discourse on the basis of authentic written certificates remained. The totality of identified linguistic and extra linguistic markers allows us to attribute confirmation certificates to a secondary genre of religious discourse in Protestantism. The theoretical significance of the study is in the fact that the given work contributes to the development of the theory of discourse, characterizing one of its types, namely religious discourse. The result of the study may be used at lectures and seminars on the subject "Theory of language" ang may interest those who study German confessional lingo culture.

Keywords: extra-linguistic markers, linguistic markers, religious discourse, Brunnenthal Colony, Volga Germans, German language, Lutherans, confirmation certificate, confessional ego-documents, Confirmation

Abstract: The object of the article is the poetry of Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev, in particular his triptych "Soul and Body". This cycle is considered to reflect in it theological views on spiritual and bodily principles. The article analyzes N. Gumilev's artistic vision of the relationship between soul and body, reflected in the triptych of the same name. Dichotomy considers human nature as a two-part unity of soul and body, while trichotomy looks at man as a trinity of spirit-soul-body. That's why this triptych is amazing, because the name refers to a dichotomous understanding, and the very construction of the cycle and the internal problems prove that the author's perception of human essence was close to a trichotomy. At the same time, in this article I would like to emphasize the fact that dichotomous and trichotomous views on human nature do not contradict each other.   The following methods were used in the work: comparative – historical, system – typological and cultural – historical. Contextual and intertextual analyses of the triptych were performed. The scientific novelty of the article is very high, since the analysis of the works of the authors of the Silver Age at the junction of philological science and theology is carried out quite rarely. In this work, it was important to reflect the fact that Nikolai Stepanovich Gumilev was a Christian in fact, his worldview did not contradict the teachings of the Orthodox Church in any way. It is also known that the poets of the Silver Age in many of their works relied on medieval works, and during the Middle Ages the dialogue of soul and body was especially widespread. A detailed analysis of the triptych "Soul and Body" is made, the author's views on the problems of the correlation of material and spiritual principles are considered. It is proved that the poet interpreted the nature of human essence in accordance with the trichotomous concept of the fathers of the Orthodox Church.

Keywords: poetry of the Silver Age, anthropology, Francois Fillon, the trichotomy, the dichotomy, Acmeism, Modernism, Orthodox dogmatics, Christianity, Nikolay Gumilev

Abstract: The article examines the philological aspects of the scientific-pedagogical heritage of Russian orientalist, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor M. F. Slinkin (05.XII.1925–10.VIII.2007). For the first time in Russian historiography, the most complete bibliographic list of his published works on philological topics is presented. Initially, Mikhail Filantyevich began to carry out comprehensive research in the field of military and military-technical areas of lexicography of the Dari language, taking into account the then lack of Russian-Dari dictionaries required by military translators. M. F. Slinkin’s extensive knowledge in the field of languages, as well as painstaking work on lexicography was noticed by senior officials of the USSR Embassy in Afghanistan, and they began to actively involve him as a qualified translator in negotiation processes at the highest level. The methodological basis of the study is the synthesis of a systems approach and source analysis, which predetermined the use of historical-genetic and biographical methods, as well as the method of document analysis. In 1972, the “Persian-Russian and Russian-Persian Military Dictionary” by G. G. Aliev was published, in the Russian-Persian part of which, there was their translation into Farsi-Kabuli, made jointly by M. F. Slinkin with A. I. Arslanbekov and A. V. Peregudov. In 1981, after more than two decades of Mikhail Filantyevich’s research in the field of lexicography, a fundamental work was published – “Russian-Dari Military and Technical Dictionary”. Being the first such publication on a global scale, this dictionary was in demand, which led to its reissue in 1987. Subsequently, M. F. Slinkin became the author and co-author of a number of conceptual-terminological publications, workshops and textbooks aimed at improving the methods of teaching and learning the Persian language and Dari.

Keywords: Russian-Dari dictionary, Lexicography, Oriental Philology, Afghan Studies, Oriental Studies, Bibliography, Biography, M. F. Slinkin, Farsi-Kabuli, Persian language