Abstract: Every day a person experiences tension and perceives various situations as stressful. Stress is known to have an impact on mental and physical health. There is evidence that women experience more distress than men. In this regard, it becomes relevant to study the factors and mechanisms associated with distress in women. Coping strategies and anticipatory consistency can be attributed to such variables. An analysis of the literature revealed a shortage of studies that would examine the relationship between anticipatory well-being, coping behavior, and perceived stress. The aim of the current study is to determine how anticipatory well–being affects perceived stress of women, and whether coping strategies are involved in this relationship. It is assumed that anticipatory consistency is negatively related to perceived stress, and coping strategies mediate the relationship between anticipation and stress. The study involved 305 female respondents. The following psychodiagnostic methods were used: the scale of perceived stress 10, the questionnaire "Strategies of coping behavior", a short version of the test of anticipatory consistency. Statistical methods: correlation analysis, simple mediation analysis, multiple mediation analysis. The result is a model of multiple mediation. Anticipatory well-being of women is negatively related to the level of perceived stress. This relationship is not direct, but is mediated by coping strategies. Coping methods such as "escape-avoidance" and "problem-solving planning" mediate the relationship between anticipatory well-being and the level of perceived stress. The higher the level of anticipatory ability, the higher the probability of using the "problem solving planning" strategy, which reduces the level of perceived stress, and the lower the probability of actualizing the "escape-avoidance" coping strategy, which is associated with increased stress. Anticipatory consistency makes it possible to predict the results of coping behavior even before the actualization of a specific activity, and coping strategies act as specific efforts that affect stress. The main limitations of the current work are also briefly considered.

Keywords: distress, perceived stress, stress, anticipatory consistency, anticipation, coping mechanisms, coping strategies, coping behavior, coping, adaptation

Abstract: This study is devoted to analyzing changes in the spectral power of primary cortical rhythms (delta: 1–4 Hz; theta: 4–8 Hz; alpha: 8–13 Hz; beta: 13–30 Hz; gamma: 30–50 Hz) in healthy adult participants while performing the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT). Particular attention is paid to the topographic distribution and dynamics of these rhythms during the stages of memorizing words from a verbal list, introducing an interfering list, and during immediate and delayed recall of the material. The study aims to identify neurophysiological markers of initial encoding, automation of memorization, mechanisms for overcoming interference, and processes of systemic consolidation of long-term memory. The obtained data are intended to clarify the temporal organization of mnemonic processes and spectral indicators of cognitive load, which may contribute to the development of diagnostic and rehabilitation techniques for assessing and correcting verbal memory. The study involved 60 healthy subjects (ages 18–44) who had no neurological or mental disorders. EEG was recorded using 19 channels (10–20 system) with a "Mizar-202" electroencephalograph. Spectral analysis was conducted using the Welch method, and power was logarithmically transformed. Statistical processing included RM-ANOVA with Holm correction (α = 0.05). The study of neurophysiological markers of memory and mechanisms of interference is gaining particular significance in the context of assessing cognitive disorders. The evaluation of electroencephalographic rhythms accompanying the processes of memorization, interference, and recall of information allows for a deeper understanding of the mechanisms of cognitive resource redistribution and an assessment of the role of functional organization of rhythms in implementing mnemonic tasks. The results demonstrate statistically significant differences in the power of EEG rhythms depending on the stage of the RAVLT test. Alpha and beta synchronization are associated with active information processing and voluntary attention, while the reduction of low-frequency rhythms indicates the overcoming of interference. The observed dynamics of rhythms confirm the functional specialization of cortical areas when performing verbal tasks of varying complexity. Experimental data supplement the understanding of the temporal and spatial organization of mnemonic processes and can be utilized for assessing the state of cognitive functions in clinical practice.

Keywords: Cognitive functions, Memory, Interference, Verbal learning, RAVLT, Alpha rhythm, Beta rhythm, Delta rhythm, Spectral analysis, Electroencephalography

Abstract: The subject of the study is the attitude towards a significant life situation, subjectivity and objectivity of the individual, the risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and sleep quality among representatives of the cities of Mariupol and St. Petersburg. The object of study – students of Mariupol State University named after A.I. Kuindzhi and Herzen University. The aim of the research was to establish possible connections between the subjective attitude towards life activities and the ability to overcome the consequences of psychological trauma ("getting out of the PTSD risk zone"), as well as quality of life, expressed in the quality of sleep and dreams. The study was also aimed at clarifying possible differences on the abovementioned and other criteria between representatives of St. Petersburg and Mariupol and opening up prospects for further research in the relevant area. Within the framework of the research, methods such as surveys, testing, source analysis, mathematical analysis, and interpretation of the obtained data were applied. The scientific novelty of the research lies, firstly, in clarifying the relationships between the risk of PTSD development, quality of life (in the area of sleep and dreams), and the level of subjectivity of the individual (including such characteristics as activity and locus of control). Additional factors of novelty were introduced into the study through a comparative analysis of the results obtained from samples of subjects from Mariupol and St. Petersburg. The conclusions of the study confirm the hypotheses formulated by its authors regarding the existence of a relationship between the risk of PTSD development and the ability of a person to express themselves as a subject of their own life activities, as well as between subjectivity and quality of life, general integration of personality (the marker of which is the ability to use dreams as a "coping strategy"). In particular, the authors draw the following conclusion: a high risk of PTSD is significantly related to the rejection of a significant situation, a refusal of the internal locus of control, and, conversely, acceptance of the external locus of control, nightmares, insomnia, a sense of loss of personal control over the situation when falling asleep, and a deterioration in overall sleep quality (the corresponding relationships vary from weak to moderately strong). Further research in this area appears to be extremely promising.

Keywords: Personality, Object, Trauma, Development, Dialogue, Relationship, Integration, Dream, Subject, Psychotherapy

Abstract: The author discusses another way of connecting the soul and the body. But first, the author considers the solution of this question in the Ancient World, by Aristotle, Descartes and Z.Freud. Descartes' solution boils down to the assumption that the bodily process (the movement of animal spirits) creates conditions for the mental (passions), while Freud's has a more complex picture: mental (mental) processes create conditions for bodily transformation, and those, in turn, for new mental changes. The author bases his own approach on the assumption that dreams and semiotic schemes act as intermediaries between the soul and the body. To substantiate this assumption, he offers a reconstruction and explanation of two cases (the author's childhood dream and C. Jung's teenage memory). The author shows that all the main processes involved in the construction of dreams are twofold: psychological, i.e. related to the soul, and physiological, related to the body. On the one hand, desire as a program is a semiotic and psychic education in which events to be realized are set through language. On the other hand, a program is a physiological process that creates pressure and tension in the body that requires resolution. The dual nature of programs and other dream processes allows us to consider dreams as intermediaries between the soul and the body. Schematics play a major role in rational thinking. Scheme ‒ This is the construction (invention) of an individual, which makes it possible to resolve a problematic situation, thereby setting a new reality and vision, and opening up the opportunity to act in a new way. At the end of the article, the author problematizes the question of the desire of a psychologist and a physician to get an answer to the question of how the mechanisms that allow the transition from the soul to the body and back, which determine these transitions, are arranged. In his opinion, this formulation of the question is not entirely correct. Not transitions, but interdependence, the simultaneous action of the soul and body, mediated by dreams and schemas.

Keywords: situation, problems, reconstruction, intermediaries, mentality, conscience, schemes, dreams, body, soul