Abstract: Analysis of airport terminal interior sheds light on the usage of national symbols and their concordance within interior design. The goal of the paper is to examine their design for national culture elements: symbols, traditional elements, and to pinpoint the most frequently-used ones, as well as trace their transformation. Despite the fact that some of the altered signs and symbols can hardly be recognized as elements of a particular culture, late XX and early XXth century is characterized by the rebirth of national style, regardless of growing globalization processes. In relevance with this, the author gives a defined classification of state and political symbols, dividing them into ideological and national. The latter, in turn, are divided into Soviet, national and ethnographic, abstract and figurative, heroic and thematic, household, historical, religious, mythological. Based on historical and comparative analysis of symbols in interiors, the authors have identified the main elements and characteristic traits that allow to distinguish artistic figures. The study of passenger area interiors of airport terminals (300 instances) has revealed that, depending on the region of placement in Eastern and Western Europe, Asia, Middle East, or Far East, as well as its availability to broad public, political regime, main religion, national traditions, national symbols of various types are utilized. The author discovers how symbols, international in form, but national in substance, emerge.  

Keywords: Passenger areas in airports, National style, National symbols, National traditions, Airport terminal interior, Interior design, Terminal, Airport, Culturology, Symbols, signs

Abstract: The process of large-scale urbanization, which began in XIX century, resulted in not only to the rapid growth of cities, but also in broad spread of urban lifestyle. Along with positive effects of this process, we can also see negative consequences, like the quantitative growth of social deviation. Prostitution as a form of human trafficking is an indispensable segment of urban culture, even to this day. Only by studying its nature can we find methods of its eradication. The author examines modern period prostitution as an urban social anomaly, basing his research on documents, memoires, published media by both, foreign and domestic authors. The article shows the roots of study on prostitution, as well as the circumstances for its emergence and growth in Russia. Prostitution as a form of human trafficking deserves condemnation not only in public opinion, religious organizations, but within authorities, as well. Only by working together can we save the fairer sex from defilement, as long as we remember the hundreds of thousands of broken lives.

Keywords: Social aid, Migration, Health control, Economic factors, Psychological factors, Risk groups, Urban environment, Prostitution, Deviant behaviour, Sociology

Abstract: Government regulation of population migration in modern Russia has deep historical roots. The authors analyze the research experience of pre-revolutionary Russia's migration processes and reveals the main traits and results of this period's transmigration. They found out the following. Pre-revolution research viewed colonization as a settlement process, common in any historical background; the resettlement process from thickly-populated regions to places where the population is scarce, or poorly adapted to the environment; the migration is a government-driven process; involves measures that support culture and economy of the native population. Researchers attempted to demonstrate that the migration is both, caused by volume and patterns of the economy's growth, and is the cause for shifts in the country's economic potential, the structure of society and the spread of industrial relations. The authors conclude that pre-revolution authors focused their works on the transmigration process itself: migration destinations, social spread of settlers; ways and forms of resettlement; conditions of travel; main reasons and significance of resettlement. The issues of colonization and resettlement was viewed in a tight connection with agrarian and other social and economic issues.

Keywords: Ideology, Colonization, Peasantry, Migration research, Migration, Resettlement, Russian Empire, Social and economic formation, Stolypin agrarian refrm, Urbanization

Abstract: The article examines the issue of authorship of the Imperial Academy of Arts building in St. Petersburg. The author performs a comparative analysis of buildings and structures erected by the designs of Jean-Baptiste Vallin de la Mothe and Alexander Kokorinov. Analyzing the Moscow Academy of Arts building plans by J.F. Blondel. He focuses his attention on style, composition and layout. As a result, we see that the general features of the Academy of Arts building largely replicates the Moscow plans, while the details resemble those of buildings by Vallin de la Mothe. Despite the mentions in literature as the sole author, Kokorinov's contribution is not evident. It is likely that his role was limited to managing the construction process. The author concludes that the Academy of Arts building plans were created by Vallin de la Mothe's hand, basing his assumptions on the Moscow Academy building project. During the construction and renovation process, some features were changed, but, overall, it can be said that Vallin de la Mothe was the author. The article offers previously unpublished information on the issue.

Keywords: Art studies, Vallin de la Mothe, Kokorinov, Architecture, Baroque, Classicism, St. Petersburg, Authorship, Style, Plans

Abstract: The paper examines the emergence and history of construction of the Moscow state's south border fortifications. It shows the organization of guard and garrison duty, the steps taken to ensure border security against outside attacks, the significance of the abbatis to the government. During the Moscow state's existence, the security of southern borders against Tatar attacks was one of the main concerns. The defense of the border-of-the-field of the country was multi-layered. Villages, guardsmen and centurias constituted the first line of defense. Securing the perimeter was one of the main principles of constructing frontline defense fortifications, the "Lines". To fully understand the significance of abbatis lines for Russia, we should take a closer look at its neighbour, the Rzhechzpospolita, which also came under attack by Tatar raids. To save their wealth, the Polish preferred to meet the enemy under the cover of fortress cities, eagerly sacrificing the population of the Dnepr region, whose only defense were the Cossacks who shared their beliefs. In contrast with the indifference of the Szlachta republic to the suffering of Rusyn population, Moscow was not willing to sacrifice its people to the Crimean predators, and was forced to spend vast resources to construct a massive fortification line (the term doesn't do it justice). It should be recognized that the manpower and resources was not wasted. In the XVII century, the "Wild Fields", became the Russian most fertile region that fed the entire country.

Keywords: History, Domestic military history, Country defense, Guard squads and villages, Abbatis lines, Fortress cities, Abbatis duty, Defense fortification system, Abbatis construction, Fortress garrison