Abstract: The object of this study is the visual perception of sites of memory in urban space. The subject of the research is the tactics of misrecognition of monuments in Luhansk. Using local sociological data from Luhansk, this article analyzes the phenomenon of misunderstanding sites of memory. It examines how respondents describe monuments to Afghan soldiers and Vladimir Dahl in an ironic or cynical style, radically deconstructing the key idea of ​​a given site of memory. Based on sociological research, it is revealed that visual practices underlie this interpretation. The author examines in detail the gap between the cultural ideal of Modernity, which demands the unconditional recognition of sites of memory, and contemporary practices of ironically rejecting the "universal" visual code offered by the memorial itself in favor of a local perspective. The research methodology is based on Walter Benjamin's existential phenomenology, which presupposes the interpretation of cultural and social events through the prism of lived personal experience. A necessary complement to the episteme of listening to urban whispers and collecting their fragments, which for Benjamin served as the key to understanding the city, is Michel de Certeau's methodology for describing the organization of everyday life. The main findings of the study lie in the identification not simply of misunderstandings of memorial sites in the urban environment, but in the respondents' particular desire for an emotional and visual recoding in accordance with their own cultural experience. A hypothesis is formulated that misunderstandings of monuments are not due to a lack of historical knowledge or respect for specific eras or historical figures, but to the organization of visual experience determined by everyday tactics and social practices. It is suggested that at the root of these practices of misunderstanding lies not simply a conflict of interpretations and a misunderstanding of the message of memorial sites, but a shift in the mode of vision and the prescription of meanings, a transformation of speculation. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that the author, using the material of sociological research, problematizes the practices of visual perception of places of memory in urban space and proposes a model for explaining the phenomenon of "erroneous" vision.

Keywords: historical memory, places of memory, urban space, visual perception, everyday practices, Modernity, tactic of non-recognition, war in Afghanistan, Vladimir Dahl, Walter Benjamin

Abstract: The subject of the study is the changes occurring in the reading habits of urban residents and the transformation of libraries in a northern city, as well as the exploration of ways to develop and support interest in reading. By reading, we mean a complex sociocultural, cognitive process related to the perception, processing, and interpretation of text. The authors examine such aspects of the topic as reading practices, structure and frequency, genre preferences, places and methods of reading in detail. Special attention is given to identifying the dependence of reading structure on gender, age, and education level of respondents. The attitude of residents towards urban libraries, their awareness of their activities, as well as the reasons for rejecting book reading and the identification of groups of urban residents who show no interest in reading are determined. The main methods of the research included surveying the population of Yakutsk and focused group interviews with librarians from the Centralized Library System of Yakutsk. The study revealed that the most common reading practice in the city is reading internet articles, blogs, various entertainment and news sites, and social networks on phones or computers. Reading fiction occupies the second position in popularity among urban residents, mainly among older respondents. Significant differences in the structure, content, and methods of reading were identified depending on the gender, age, and educational characteristics of the respondents. Interviews with librarians highlighted the challenges and problems of modern urban libraries: changes in work format, the current workload with paperwork and reporting, and a lack of methodological guidance. Staff are concerned about the declining interest in reading among children and youth. Interviewers also noted a decrease in the quality and usefulness of what is read.

Keywords: reading, urban environment, reading practices, reading structure, sociological research, reading preferences, library problems, librarians, urban reading, focus group