Abstract: The stepwise nature of adverbial transposition of nouns without prepositions is investigated. The object of study is the forms of the creative case of nouns without prepositions, representing the first stage of transposition into adverbs, the subject of consideration is combinatorics and the proportion of substantive and adverbial features in the structure of word forms of the "whisper" type, functioning in the zone of the periphery of the noun class. The relevance of the research is due to the need to develop such a field of scientific research as the transpositional grammar of the Russian language, as well as to identify patterns of functioning of linguistic units in transitional zones between parts of speech and interparticle semantic and syntactic categories. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of substantive word forms that demonstrate different degrees of manifestation of signs interacting with the functional adverbialization of nouns and adverbs on two stages of the noun zone. Within the framework of the proposed approach to syncretic formations, methods of oppositional analysis (with an adverbial scale), elements of component, distributive analysis, and linguistic experiment are used. The novelty of the study consists in the description of a formalized methodology for establishing the stages of adverbialization of substantive word forms, demonstrating a different degree of departure from nouns and approximation to adverbs. It is established that the substantive word form "whisper", for example, is characterized by a multi-stage transposition into an adverbial class. In the zone of the periphery of nouns, she makes the first, actually syntactic step towards adverbs. It is associated with its use first in the syncretic function of complement and circumstance, and then only in the function of circumstance. The presence of dependent words in the form of adjectival and subsubstantial distributors, as well as the function of object complement, restrain the further advancement of the word form "in a whisper" towards the class of adverbs. The loss of object meaning in the word form under consideration is associated with a shift at the level of verbal subordination: weak control as a way of connecting the word form "in a whisper" with the main word is replaced by case adjunction. Object-circumstantial relations are transformed into circumstantial ones. But the main categorical features of nouns in the zone of the periphery of this class of words are preserved. The theoretical significance of the work lies in the fact that it contains an understanding of transitional phenomena in the field of parts of speech in a systemic linguistic aspect. The practical significance of the research is determined by the possibility of applying its results in teaching linguistic disciplines – Russian, general linguistics, theoretical grammar.

Abstract: The purpose of the study is to analyze the degrees of adverbialization of the "winter" substantive formations in peripheral adverbs. The relevance of the work is due to the need to study peripheral zones in the grammatical structure of the Russian language, explicating syncretic language units at different stages of intercategory transposition. The novelty of the approach consists in using the methods of oppositional analysis and indexing the degrees of adverbialization of nouns, which made it possible to minimize the element of subjectivism in the evaluation of adverbializing word forms in typical contexts. General scientific and general linguistic, special methods of material analysis (comparison, generalization, descriptive method, elements of component, distributive and transformational analysis) are also used in this research. The focus is on word forms such as "in winter" demonstrates that different circumstances interacts differently with nouns and adverbs. The study of the degrees and limits of their functional adverbialization showed that in the structure of substantive adverbs like "in winter", signs of nouns and adverbs are synthesized in different proportions. It is established that as a result of the grammatical transposition into the class of temporal adverbs, the word form "in winter" reveals 4% correspondence of differential signs of the original noun "winter (winter)" and 78% compliance with the substantive adverb meaning of "sometimes". The zone of the periphery of adverbs serves as the limit of categorical transformation for the forms of the nouns "in winter", "in spring", "in summer", "in autumn", which do not violate the semantic identity of the original substantive lexemes.
The results of the research can be used in the further development of the problem of transitivity and syncretism in the field of significant and official parts of speech, in the creation of a transpositional grammar of the Russian language and in lexicographic practice – when writing dictionaries of interparticle homonyms.

Abstract: This article examines the result of functional transposition of language units from nouns into introductory-modal words with the meaning of affective evaluation of the conveyed and emotive interjections. The object of this analysis is the substantive word forms such as “horror” / “nightmare”, which functionin in the syncretic context of modalation and interjectivation. The subject of this analysis is the combinatorics and proportion of differential features of nouns, introductory-modal words and interjections within the structure of syncretic formations. The relevance of this work is substantiated by the need for studying syncretic zones in the grammatical structure of language; determination of the peculiarities of interaction between the grammatical and the lexical within the semantic-grammatical structure of formations place at the intersection of several transpositional processes in the sphere of the parts of speech and inter-part-of-speech categories of predicatives and introductory-modal units. The novelty of this research consists in the use of quantitative characteristics in assessing the degrees of functional modalation and interjectivation of desubstantive word forms such as “horror”/ "nightmare". The article describes the experience of calculating the indexes of their transposition into position of isolated introductory-modal components of expression with the meaning of effective evaluation of situation. It is determined that syncretic formations “horror” / “nightmare” detect in syncretic contexts of modalation and interjectivation 5% correspondence of their differential features to the features of reference nouns, 64% correspondence to the features of nuclear introductory-modal words such as “of course”, and 56% correspondence to the features of nuclear emotive interjections such as “all is ruined!”.

Abstract: This article examines the mechanism of transposition of linguistic units from short adjectives into introductory-modal units and predicatives. The object of this research is word forms such as “it is evident”, which in asyndetic complex sentences represent a zone of hybrid structures on the scale of modalation. The subject of this research is the combinatorics and proportion of the characteristics of adjectives, introductory-modal words and expressions, and impersonal-predicative words (predicatives) within the structure of hybrids. The relevance of this work is substantiated by the need for studying the mechanism of interaction between grammatical and lexical within the structure of word forms involved in one or more transpositional processes on the level of parts of speech and inter-part-of-speech categories. On thee example of deadjectival word form “it is evident”, the author calculates the indexes of modalation and predicativation of short adjectives in the zone of hybrid structures represented by asyndetic complex sentences with explicative relations between the predicative parts. It is established that the hybrid “it is evident” demonstrates 56 % correspondence of differential characteristics with characteristics of the original nuclear short adjective “evident” in the meaning of “available for visible perception”, 27 % correspondence with the characteristics of nuclear introductory- modal word “evident” in the meaning of “probably”, and 67% correspondence with the characteristics of nuclear predicative “it’s a shame” with the semantics of emotional state of a person and moral-ethical evaluation of his behavior.

Abstract: The object of this research is the linguistic mechanism of modalation in Russian language that produces lexical-semantic expressions of subjective modality of expression, and more extensively – of the text. Modalation is understood as a special type of functional and functional-semantic transposition of linguistic units from different parts of speech and inter-part-of-speech semantic-syntactic classification of introductory-modal words and expressions. The subject of this research is the levels of correspondence of differential signs of linguistic unit (verb), explicating in typical context a certain level of separation from the initial class (A) and convergence with the derivative class (B), deferential signs of prototypical (nuclear) representatives of class A and class B. Methodological framework contains the research of Russian and foreign author on the theory of parts of speech and syncretism in grammatical structure of a language. For determination of gradual form of modalation of the finite forms of verbs, the study applies oppositional method that allows describing on the scale of transitivity the different stages of their functional and functional-semantic transposition into the introductory-modal units. The index number calculation of correspondence of modalates to prototypical (nuclear) verbs and introductory-modal words and expressions is conducted using the indexing method. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that this work is firs to carry out indexing of correspondence of the peripheral deverbative modalates (“it is said”) to prototypical finite verbs (“are saying”) and prototypical devebative introductory-modal units (“perhaps”). As a result, it is established that in periphery zone of introductory-modal words and expressions, the modalate “it is said” shows 72% congruence (similarities and differences) with nuclear finite verbs (“are saying”) and 54% to nuclear deverbative introductory-modal words (“it seems”, “perhaps”).

Abstract: The relevance of this topic is substantiated by the need to objectivize the results of analysis of transposition mechanism of modalation of verbs in finite and attributive forms using quantitative methods of material processing. The goal of this article is to examine the levels of correspondence of differential signs of infinite forms of verbs in the zone of hybrid structures to the signs of nuclear representatives of the initial and final elements of inter-categorical introductory-modal transposition. The subject of this research became the infinitive-modal structures in transitive sentences that combine the attributes of conjunctionless complex sentences and simple expanded sentence (with unattached introductory-modal component). On the example of word form, the author demonstrates the combinatorial structure and proportion of attributes of verbs and introductory-modal units interacting with each other within the hybrid structure. The conducted research illustrates that the level of modalation of hybrids is determined by the proportion of differential properties of nuclear infinitive and nuclear introductory-modal words. It is established that in transitive structure, which balance on the border of conjunctionless complex and simple expanded sentence, hybrids of the type “to know”  show 68% of correspondence to nuclear infinitives (“know”) and 45% of correspondence to introductory-modal words (“must be”). In syntactic constructs with such hybrid the external syntactic position of modus framework of conjunctionless complex is combined with internal syntactic position of introductory-modal component of the expression.