Anti-corruption training for military specialists as an element of Russia's national security system

Maksimov Il'ya Gennadyevich ORCID: 0009-0005-1510-312X Graduate student; Department of Public Administration and Management; Volgograd Institute of Management - branch of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration Head of Department; 929 GLITs of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation 16 Shcherbakova St., Akhtubinsk, Astrakhan region, 416506, Russia maksimovila37@gmail.com

In modern conditions of global threats and challenges facing Russia's national security, anti-corruption training of military specialists is becoming an integral part of the integrated national defense system. Corruption in the military sector is one of the most serious threats that undermines public confidence in the Armed Forces and reduces their effectiveness. Unlike ordinary corruption, corruption in the defense sector can not only weaken the military's combat capability, but also lead to disastrous consequences for the security of the country as a whole. Given the strategic importance of this area, anti-corruption measures are becoming critically important for maintaining Russia's defense sovereignty, where the key role is played by the training of military specialists capable not only of conducting combat operations, but also openly resisting corruption within a number of structures related to ensuring defense capability.

Effective anti-corruption training requires the purposeful formation of high ethical standards among future military personnel, an understanding of the consequences of corrupt actions and the ability to apply anti-corruption technologies in practice. The most important components of this training are special education, the implementation of ethical codes, as well as the development of programs to increase awareness and responsibility among military personnel. Such measures contribute not only to raising the level of legal awareness and ethical culture, but also to forming an active position among military personnel regarding corruption as a phenomenon and practical methods of countering it.

Thus, the anti-corruption training of military specialists is a systemic factor that directly affects the sustainability and effectiveness of Russia's national defense. Successful implementation of anti-corruption measures in this area will contribute to the creation of a more transparent and effective structure, which in turn will increase the overall level of state security. This article will provide an in-depth analysis of anti-corruption training in the context of the current state of defense institutions, as well as consider the systemic challenges facing this important area.

Corruption in the defense sector: a threat to the country's sovereignty. The issue of corruption in the sphere of the defense department continues to be one of the most acute and problematic issues related to ensuring Russia's national security. Non-transparent procurement procedures, low accountability for violations, and lack of effective oversight create conditions conducive to corrupt practices that can undermine the State's defense capabilities. Since the Armed Forces are the main instrument for protecting sovereignty, any corrupt actions within this structure entail serious risks that can not only weaken the army's combat capability, but also endanger the security of the country as a whole.

Corruption in the defense sector can take a variety of forms, from overcharging for military contracts to kickbacks for the supply of substandard equipment. Thus, cases of misuse of budget funds in the execution of defense orders are becoming commonplace and lead to significant financial losses. Fatigue from the lack of modern weapons and technologies, which has arisen against the background of corruption, can negatively affect the fulfillment of strategic tasks and reduce combat readiness, which, in turn, threatens Russia's national security in the face of increased external and internal risks.

Moreover, corruption in the defense sector undermines public confidence in the army. If military personnel realize that their colleagues can safely engage in corrupt activities, this can lead to demoralization and a decrease in morale. The spread of such sentiments among the rank and file not only weakens internal stability, but also creates additional risks for the fulfillment of assigned tasks. In this light, it is important to note that the system of training and educating military specialists should be based on the principles of honesty and integrity, which is a guarantee of maintaining the combat capability of the Armed Forces and the people's trust in State institutions.

Thus, corruption in the defense sector poses a systemic threat to Russia's sovereignty. Its impact covers both the internal aspects of the functioning of the army, as well as broader social and economic factors. Assessing the scale of corruption risks and developing effective anti-corruption measures are one of the most important tasks facing the leadership of the defense sector, and play a key role in ensuring the stability and security of the country. It is necessary to ensure clear coordination of the efforts of government agencies involved in the fight against corruption, as well as establish systems for monitoring and monitoring the state of affairs in the military field. Without addressing corruption issues, it is impossible to create and maintain a stable and effective defense system capable of adequately responding to the challenges of the current geopolitical situation.

Factors of corruption offenses in the military sphere. Corruption in the military sphere is formed under the influence of a complex of interrelated factors. One of the key problems is the weakness of political control mechanisms. The closeness of military structures and their autonomy make it difficult for public oversight, and the inefficiency of the law enforcement system does not allow for the prompt detection of violations. The legal framework also plays a role: the imperfection of laws, their inconsistency and the possibility of subjective interpretation create loopholes for abuse. For example, the rules governing the procurement of military equipment often allow for ambiguous interpretations, which opens the way for manipulation.

Socio-economic conditions are exacerbating the situation. The shadow economy, the monopolization of industries, and the merging of business with government create a breeding ground for corruption. Social stratification among military personnel, especially against the background of low salaries for enlisted personnel, increases the temptation for illicit enrichment. However, the sociocultural factor remains the most profound reason. The tradition of "gratitude" in the form of gifts or monetary rewards, the low level of legal culture and tolerance for small—scale bribes form the attitude that corruption is an integral part of the system.

The specifics of the military environment additionally contribute to the spread of corruption. The closeness of organizations associated with the protection of state secrets limits external control, and the principle of unity of command concentrates power in the hands of commanders, which creates risks of abuse. Subordinates who depend on the decisions of their superiors in both official and domestic matters are often faced with demands for informal "rewards" for positive decisions. Even minor everyday bribes for promotion or administrative issues are becoming the norm, forming a systemic problem. Restrictions on the rights of military personnel, such as a ban on additional earnings or participation in politics, also provoke a search for workarounds through bribery.

Financial risks increase during periods of increased budget financing of the defense sector, especially during a special operation. The growth of funds allocated for the purchase of equipment and the maintenance of the army is often accompanied by misuse of resources, embezzlement and corruption schemes. Unscrupulous officials, taking advantage of the lack of transparency, can inflate contract prices, manipulate tenders, or directly embezzle funds.

The consequences of this practice are devastating. Firstly, the army's combat capability is being undermined: poor-quality supplies, outdated equipment and demoralization of personnel reduce readiness to perform tasks. Secondly, public confidence in the Armed Forces is being lost, which weakens social support for defense policy. Thirdly, the property stratification between ordinary military personnel and the high command creates tension in the teams, and corruption scandals damage the prestige of military education and service. In the long run, this threatens national security, making the state vulnerable to external and internal challenges.

Methodological approaches to anti-corruption training of military specialists. Methodological approaches to the anti-corruption training of military specialists represent a holistic concept focused on the inclusion of anti-corruption principles and practical skills in the educational programs of military educational institutions. In modern conditions, when corruption in the Armed Forces can have serious consequences for the security of the state and the stability of society as a whole, it is extremely important to develop and implement comprehensive systems and standards that help future military personnel develop high anti-corruption responsibility, an ethical position and an understanding of the importance of complying with the required standards. This focus allows them not only to teach them the basics of legislation, but also to better understand the consequences of corrupt practices for their current and future tasks in the service.

The main aspect of this methodology is the creation of a clear and extensive structure of anti-corruption education, which will include both theoretical knowledge and practical methods with an emphasis on their integration into everyday practice. In the initial phase of training, it is necessary to focus on the legislative framework governing defense activities and anti-corruption mechanisms, which will help create a solid foundation of knowledge for cadets. Such classes will allow students to understand the legal consequences of corrupt practices, deepen their understanding of the negative impact of corruption and foster a positive attitude towards honesty and transparency in their professional activities, paying attention to the importance of this aspect for personal and professional reputation.

The second significant element of methodological approaches is the introduction of practical anti-corruption cases into the educational process at all levels, starting with the basic one. The use of interactive methods, such as role–playing games, simulations, or real–life examples, will help students to understand the material they are studying more deeply, realize the importance of practical application of knowledge, and go beyond theory, building their confidence in the correctness of their decisions. In this context, teaching anti-corruption training should be aimed at developing critical thinking and analytical skills in future commanders, which will allow them to make informed and responsible decisions in conditions of uncertainty and risk, as well as in difficult situations that they may encounter in real-life service practice.

In addition, it is important to develop specialized professional development programs for active military personnel aimed at updating knowledge about legislative changes, modern approaches to combating corruption and ethical principles of military service, so that their knowledge always remains relevant. This will not only strengthen existing knowledge, but also increase the readiness of military personnel to respond effectively to emerging challenges of corruption and potential threats. Regular seminars, trainings and courses on anti-corruption strategies will become an integral and necessary element of training, facilitating the pedagogical exchange of experience and ideas.

It is also necessary to pay attention to the creation of a diverse motivation system for military personnel who successfully apply anti-corruption practices in their work, which will encourage many to develop these skills. The introduction of systematic assessments and awards for ethical behavior based on criteria of integrity and integrity motivates employees to actively resist corruption, improving the overall climate in the Armed Forces and creating a more pleasant and safe atmosphere for the performance of official duties.

Thus, methodological approaches to anti-corruption training of military specialists are a key tool in modern conditions in which security and protection of state interests directly depend on the level of transparency and integrity in the military system. Effective anti-corruption training contributes not only to reducing the risks associated with corruption, but also to strengthening public confidence in the Armed Forces, which, in turn, supports the country's defense sovereignty. The development and implementation of a consistent and systematic methodology for anti-corruption training in military educational institutions will provide a reliable basis for the formation of professionally responsible, ethically stable and highly qualified personnel who are ready to perform their tasks in the modern world.

Anti-corruption training in the national defense system. Anti-corruption training is inextricably linked to Russia's overall national defense system and is a key component ensuring its sustainability and effectiveness. In the context of increasing external and internal threats, as well as a difficult geopolitical situation, the issue of combating corruption at all levels is becoming especially important. The existing anti-corruption training programs are diverse and multifaceted, covering various aspects of the formation of an anti-corruption culture in the Armed Forces and the defense sector.

First, a fundamental element of such programs is the training of employees of defense institutions in the basics of anti-corruption legislation. Military educational institutions are introducing specialized courses aimed at highlighting aspects of current anti-corruption standards, both at the level of federal legislation and within the framework of internal regulations. Knowledge of the laws and regulations related to the prevention of corruption forms an understanding among future officers and sergeants of the seriousness of this issue and the level of responsibility they bear in their activities.

Secondly, anti-corruption training programs include trainings and seminars aimed at developing ethical standards and behavior of military personnel. Such events are aimed both at understanding the threats posed by corruption and at practical development of methods to counter it. The use of practical cases and situational tasks allows you to deepen the assimilation of knowledge and make the learning process more interactive and effective.

An important aspect of the anti-corruption initiative is also the creation of an internal control and monitoring system, which is provided for by a number of programs in the field of corruption prevention. In companies with preventive measures such as hotlines for reporting corruption offenses and independent auditors, these systems serve as the basis for building an anti-corruption infrastructure. Internal process management involves the active use of information and technology to monitor possible corruption risks and their subsequent analysis.

Anti-corruption training programs are also integrated with the country's overall security and defense strategy. This means that the issue of combating corruption is not considered as a separate area of expertise, but as an element of a common strategic direction. Joint projects to improve the efficiency of resource management, the use of technology and distance learning create additional opportunities for the implementation of anti-corruption practices in the work of all structures involved in national defense.

Thus, anti-corruption training in the Russian national defense system has a multi-layered and systemic character. It is not only aimed at educating fundamentally new military personnel who are ready to resist corruption, but also serves as the basis for the formation of a transparent and effective system capable of responding to modern challenges and threats ^[8]. Effective fight against corruption is a central element of the strategy to strengthen the defense capability of the Russian Federation and enhance its national security, which underlines the importance of anti-corruption training of military specialists in the modern world ^[5].

System challenges and ways to overcome them. The anti-corruption training of military specialists in Russia faces a number of systemic challenges that hinder the effective implementation of programs and strategies in this area. These challenges form barriers to the creation of a transparent and ethical military environment, which negatively affects the country's defense capability and public confidence in the Armed Forces. Therefore, it is important not only to identify these problems, but also to propose specific solutions.

One of the main systemic challenges is the lack of integration of anti-corruption training into the educational programs of military educational institutions. In many officer training institutes, anti-corruption topics are only superficially presented, which does not provide future specialists with the necessary knowledge and skills to counter corruption risks. As a solution to this problem, it is necessary to introduce anti-corruption courses into all levels of the educational program, as well as to develop the process of continuous professional development for military personnel. This will create a holistic and continuous anti-corruption culture covering all stages of military service.

Another challenge is the lack of awareness and engagement among commanders and middle managers in anti-corruption training. It is often at these levels that those who can make decisions affecting corruption risks encounter. To solve this problem, special training courses and trainings should be organized aimed at increasing the level of responsibility for corruption and forming a critical view of their actions and their consequences. Involving commanders in anti-corruption initiatives will help increase their involvement in training and accountability on issues related to ethics and order in the army.

There are also practical challenges related to the lack of effective control and monitoring mechanisms for the proper implementation of anti-corruption standards. Today, many programs face situations where the knowledge and skills acquired during anti-corruption training are not put into practice. In this regard, it is necessary to develop and implement internal control systems that will verify and evaluate compliance with anti-corruption standards at all levels. This includes innovative approaches such as the creation of hotlines for reporting corruption offenses, as well as regular audits and inspections.

Finally, it is important to note the cultural aspect, which plays a key role in the successful fight against corruption. An oppressive atmosphere of distrust and fear can deter military personnel from reporting corruption offenses. Therefore, it is necessary to work on creating a reward system that will reward those who actively oppose corruption. At the same time, mechanisms should be developed to protect those who report corruption, which will help create a more secure and ethical environment.

Thus, the systemic challenges facing anti-corruption training require an integrated approach and diverse solutions aimed at embedding ethical standards and anti-corruption practices in the military system ^[22]. Approaches that include improving educational processes, involving commanders, developing internal control, and cultural change will contribute to a qualitative and systemic change in the current situation ^[20]. Only through joint efforts is it possible to create a powerful anti-corruption mechanism that will have a significant impact on the level of trust in the state protection system.

Conclusion. In the course of the conducted research on the importance of anti-corruption training of military specialists in Russia, several key conclusions were formulated that contribute to understanding its importance for ensuring the country's defense sovereignty. The first and perhaps most significant conclusion is the realization that corruption in the military sector poses a serious threat to national security. An in-depth analysis has shown that corrupt practices can not only undermine the combat capability of the Armed Forces, but also reduce the level of public confidence in state institutions, which in the long term threatens the stability and sovereignty of Russia.

The study revealed that effective anti-corruption training is the basis for the formation of highly qualified military personnel who are able to consciously resist corruption risks. It is important that anti-corruption education covers all levels of military training, from academic institutions to advanced training programs for active military personnel. This will allow future officers to develop not only theoretical knowledge, but also practical skills necessary to actively combat corruption in their activities.

The third conclusion was the understanding that anti-corruption training should be integrated into the overall management and control system within defense institutions. The creation of effective monitoring and internal control mechanisms, as well as the involvement of commanders at all levels in the issues of anti-corruption culture are key factors that can translate theoretical knowledge into practical actions.

In addition, research has shown that it is necessary to develop a mentality and ethical standards among military personnel. The formation of an anti-corruption culture among the personnel of the Armed Forces requires changes not only in educational programs, but also in the socio-cultural environment in which they operate. Ways to protect those who report corruption and create an enabling environment can significantly increase the effectiveness of anti-corruption measures.

Based on the presented conclusions, it can be summarized that the anti-corruption training of military specialists is strategically important for ensuring Russia's defense sovereignty. It contributes to the creation of a transparent and effectively functioning system capable of adequately responding to internal and external threats. Investing resources in anti-corruption education and practice will lead to significant improvements both in the combat capability of the Armed Forces and in the overall security of the State. The successful implementation of anti-corruption programs is not only the task of the military department, but also a national strategy necessary to strengthen the country's defense potential ^[19]. Thus, anti-corruption training can become a fundamental element that increases military readiness and cohesion of the army, which will contribute to the protection of Russia's national interests in the international arena ^[1].