Matveev, S.V. Genesis of an idea on differentiation of an approach to the juveniles from the Charter of Criminal Judicial Proceedings to the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation

Abstract: The article concerns the criminal procedural specificities of the development of the Russian legislation regarding juveniles violating criminal prohibitions. The author regards this issue starting with the Charter of Criminal Judicial Proceedings of 1864 to the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation. The author substantiates the following periods in the legislation regarding the juveniles, which are due to the leading attitude to children in a state (punitive or protective). The author pays special attention to the Law of July 2, 1897, and its value for the formation of the Juvenile Courts. The pre-Revolution period is from 1864 to 1917, the Soviet period (first one lasting from 1918 to 1935, second one lasting from 1935 to 1957, the third one lasting from 1958 to 1991) and the current period (from 1991 to current time). The author makes a conclusion that the Criminal Procedural Code of the Russian Federation did not totally overcome a punitive tendency, while there are prerequisites for the implementation of a humanistic, restorative approach to a child, creation of friendly justice, based on respect to the rights of child and due regard to age of a child, his maturity and understanding of the circumstances of the case.

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