Organization of effective training in the discipline of fire training of cadets and students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia.

Glukhov Vitaliy Gennad'yevich Teacher, Department of Fire Training, East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia 664074, Russia, Irkutsk region, Irkutsk, Lermontov str., 110, office G127 vitaliy.glukhov.ru1993@mail.ru

In the current conditions of a special military operation, a high level of theoretical and, most importantly, practical knowledge of fire training is important. To date, Interior Ministry employees as part of consolidated detachments are departing on official business trips to the territory of new subjects of our country, in which martial law has been imposed since October 20, 2022, in this regard, Interior Ministry employees must be on high alert to perform official tasks in special conditions. Cadets and students of educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia are also employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs and in the future they will also have to serve in these conditions.

As practice shows, various extreme situations in the course of service, associated with a risk to the life or health of an employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, sometimes arise unexpectedly, this is due to the illegal activities of sabotage and intelligence groups acting in the interests of the Kiev regime. Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs should be most attentive during their service at checkpoints to check vehicles passing through them, as well as when conducting verification activities at addresses where, according to operational information, persons involved in criminal activities (accomplices of sabotage and intelligence groups, etc.) may be located In this regard, the fire readiness of Interior Ministry employees it should be at a high level, since the price of a mistake can cost the life or health of citizens and the employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs themselves^[1].  

To fully understand the phenomenon under consideration, it is necessary to reveal the meaning of the phrase special conditions.

Special conditions are the conditions of the activity of the internal affairs body characterized by the presence of natural and man-made emergencies, the introduction of a state of emergency or martial law, the conduct of a counter-terrorist operation or the presence of an armed conflict^[2].

The author of this scientific article suggests an algorithm for conducting classes that allows students to achieve a sense of confidence, the correct algorithm of actions in the framework of modeling a particular extreme situation within the educational process.

The algorithm consists in fixing at the level of subconsciousness and muscle memory the ability to fire a Kalashnikov assault rifle from different positions, from behind cover, from the left-hand rack (the butt of the machine rests on the left shoulder and the left hand rests on the handle of the machine gun). The left-hand stand is used mainly for shooting from behind the shelter protecting the right side of the body of an Interior Ministry officer firing at an armed criminal.

The algorithm of the training session is similar with the use of a Makarov pistol, almost every employee of the Ministry of Internal Affairs in our country has a Makarov pistol, so it is important to form confident skills of changing positions when shooting from a PM, shooting from a left-hand stand, in motion, with one hand from behind cover.  In a combat situation, shooting from a machine gun from the right shoulder (from a pistol - from the right hand), it is advisable for a police officer to try to use any natural shelters of the terrain (stone, pillars, corners of buildings, etc.), but even using the principle of using natural shelters, a police officer leaves a significant part of the body (legs, body, elbows, head).

In order to protect themselves more tactically in “contact” with an armed criminal, in addition to the above, a police officer must confidently and effectively be able to shoot from the left hand and left shoulder, thanks to this, the risk for a police officer to get a serious bullet wound is significantly minimized, since the legs, elbow, part of the body and head in this case are behind natural cover and inaccessible to enemy fire. But in order for an employee to confidently and accurately fire from a service weapon from such a tactical correct position, it is necessary to train and develop a confident shooting skill according to this algorithm. In this regard, it is necessary to develop these skills during practical classes ^[3].

The performance of training tasks in accordance with the above program should be carried out with training weapons and training ammunition, in compliance with security measures.

The scientific article is based on an algorithm for effective training in shooting from automatic weapons: a Kalashnikov assault rifle, as well as a Makarov pistol, capable of instilling in the cadet and the listener the necessary skills in the use of firearms for service in special conditions ^[4].

The scientific novelty of the proposed algorithm (a number of exercises) for fire training consists in the fact that their approbation for the first time took place as part of a fire training class at the Faculty of Vocational Training and Retraining of Personnel of the East Siberian Institute of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the period 2022-2023. full-time training.

As part of this scientific experiment, 15 students from 2 study groups took part, who were first recruited to the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Russian Federation. 15 male listeners. The trainees at the time of the first classes on the program of effective training in the use of weapons in extreme conditions had no practical experience in the use of weapons. During the implementation of the algorithm claimed to conduct a scientific experiment, during 5 weeks of training, students demonstrated higher results in fire training, which consist in the fact that the time of performing control exercises was reduced by an average of 20%, the accuracy of hits in the required target area increased by 35%, and successes were also visible. trained in the framework of tactical and special training classes, which manifested themselves in making the right decision more quickly within the framework of introductory tasks: an attack on a checkpoint, armed resistance of a criminal resisting from an apartment, shooting from a car at hiding criminals and firing at police officers pursuing them^[5].

After passing the theoretical part, the fire training teacher conducts a study of the topic according to the algorithm of performing special exercises, explains and demonstrates the correct actions by personal example ^[6].

Exercise # 1

At the beginning of the lesson, the teacher suddenly instructs the trainees to equip themselves, according to this command, the trainees must put on a bulletproof vest and a protective helmet, as well as correctly place four training magazines from AK-74 on the equipment, pre-equip them with training cartridges. The number of training cartridges with which it is necessary to equip a full magazine is equal to thirty, the attention of the trainees is drawn to the fact that there is a hole on the back of the AK-74 magazine from the bottom, looking at which the trainee understands that the magazine is equipped with thirty cartridges. Next, it is necessary to remove the loaded magazine in the pouch in such a position that it can be immediately removed and attached to the machine. After that, it is necessary to equip two Makarov pistol magazines with training cartridges for eight training cartridges in each magazine, insert one loaded magazine into the base of the pistol handle, and put the second loaded magazine into the holster, then the trainees put the pistol into the holster and close the holster securely to prevent the loss of the pistol and magazines to it. The time spent by the group on performing this exercise is counted according to the readiness of the last listener. Then all the trainees are built in two rows, so the trainees are ready to receive new introductory tasks. When this exercise was practiced for the first time, the trainees showed signs of excitement, anxiety and unnecessary fuss, on average, it took a group of trainees 10 minutes to complete this exercise in the first and second classes. It should be noted the practical significance of this exercise, which consists in putting the unit on alert in a short period of time to repel a possible attack on a temporary deployment point, where employees will serve in special conditions, since in the process of performing this exercise, students received the skill of interacting with each other, helping failing colleagues in equipping stores from AK-74, the trainees also acquired the skill to fit all protective equipment for themselves, since there are adjustment mechanisms on the bulletproof vest and protective helmet for individual anthropometric data of the trainees. It should be noted that during the periodic performance of this exercise, by the end of training, the trainees coped with this task in an average of 3 minutes ^[7].

Exercise # 2

This exercise is aimed at practicing and consolidating the skill of quickly changing the magazine, quickly bringing the Makarov pistol to battle, shooting from behind cover, shooting from the left-hand rack, shooting with one hand and shooting in motion, shooting from different positions. The exercise was performed by trainees in a bulletproof vest and a protective helmet. At the teacher's command "to fight", the listener moves out from the starting line, runs ten meters and then removes the pistol from the holster, sends the cartridge into the chamber of the Makarov pistol and makes three shots at the chest target from the line of 25 meters, then holding the pistol in a safe direction, the trained listener under the control of the teacher moves to the layout of the wall (the teacher controls so that the index finger is not on the trigger of the pistol) and makes 4 shots from the pistol from a distance of 20 meters, holding the pistol in both hands, but shooting from the left-hand rack, that is, the trigger is handled with the index finger of the left hand. At this stage, the teacher controls that the leg and elbow of the trained listener do not protrude from behind the shelter, the listener reduces his silhouette and thereby minimizes the likelihood of being injured by the fire of a likely armed enemy. After that, the listener changes the magazine of the Makarov pistol, runs 5 meters and fires four shots from the knee position, then gets up and shoots at the same time, walking towards the target, making 4 shots along the way, thereby practicing the skill of marksmanship in motion. At the last stage of this exercise, the task of the listener is to fire a pistol from each hand alternately, then, at the command of the teacher, "weapons for inspection", the listener removed the magazine from the base of the pistol grip, pulled the pistol bolt to the extreme rear position to demonstrate the absence of a cartridge in the chamber and, at the command "inspected", removed the pistol from the bolt delay, carried out control descent, put the weapon on the safety and holstered the weapon.  This exercise was of a competitive nature and during each lesson the winner was identified, the one who technically performed the exercise correctly, did not violate safety measures when handling weapons, and the execution time was also taken into account. I would like to note that the factor of an extreme situation acted as a motive for strengthening psychological readiness with the subsequent dynamics of improving results in shooting under the conditions of practical shooting exercises ^[8].

Exercise # 3

As part of this exercise, the skill of attentiveness and self-control of trainees when shooting from a Makarov pistol was practiced. The meaning of the exercise was that the task was to hit three chest targets from a distance of 20 meters, while a balloon (green, red, yellow) was attached to the center of each target. At the teacher's command "get ready to shoot", the listener took the pistol out of the holster and checked the weapon for non-loading, at the teacher's next command, the trainee equips the magazine with three cartridges and inserts the loaded magazine into the base of the pistol grip. Then, at the teacher's command to open fire, the trainee sends a cartridge into the chamber, the teacher calls the color of one of the three balls that are fixed on the targets in a loud voice, and the trainee listener must hit the corresponding target.

Exercise # 4

This exercise develops the skill of students working with a Kalashnikov assault rifle. The trainees are equipped with a bulletproof vest and a protective helmet, occupy the firing line, at the command "fire" the teacher records the time of the exercise. The trainee fires five shots from a standing position, then runs 10 meters and shoots, using shelters from behind the wall, five shots from the left-hand rack, trying not to stick out his elbow and leg over the dimensions of the shelter, then throws an F1 training grenade, after which, moving a short run to 10 meters, takes a lying position, produces 5 shots, then throws a training grenade RGN (offensive hand grenade) ^[9].

In the process of practicing this exercise, the trainees acquire the skills of shooting with a machine gun from different positions, shelters. It is especially important that the skill of rapid preparation for prone shooting is being practiced, since the statistics of injuries received in the SVO zone indicate that 90% of injuries are shrapnel wounds, thereby the trainee minimizes his silhouette from striking fragments of mines and various types of projectiles, and also reduces his silhouette for enemy small arms fire.

The implemented algorithm for conducting a training session during the systematic performance of these exercises allowed the trainees to form the necessary shooting skills from service weapons in conditions close to combat by the end of the training course. Working from a machine gun from the right shoulder (from a pistol - from the right hand), it is advisable for a police officer to try to use any natural shelters of the terrain (stone, pillars, corners of buildings, etc.), but even using the principle of using natural shelters, a police officer leaves a significant part of the body in the affected area (legs, body, elbows, head) in order to protect themselves more tactically in “contact” with an armed criminal.

In addition, a police officer must confidently and effectively be able to shoot from the left hand and left shoulder, thanks to this, the risk for a police officer to get a bullet wound is significantly minimized, since the legs, elbow, part of the body and head in this case are behind natural cover and inaccessible to enemy fire. Also, the trainees received the necessary skills in the framework of throwing training grenades, equipping magazines for firearms, shooting in motion and with one hand alternately, in addition, they acquired the skill of quickly changing positions when shooting. These exercises are mainly aimed at preserving the health and life of students when they complete their training and, as part of their practical activities, they are ordered to serve in special conditions. ^[10]