Baksanskiy O.E., Korzhuev A.V. Thomas Kuhn's Theory of 'The Structure of Scientific Revolutions' and the Crisis of the Classical Paradigm in Physics at the Turn of the XIXth and the XXth Centuries

Abstract: The article is devoted to the crisis of physics that happened at the turn of the XIXth and the XXth centuries. The crisis is viewed in terms of the ideas suggested and proved by Thomas Kuhn in his book 'The Structure of Sientific Revolutions'. The main attention is paid to the crisis of Newtonian classical mechanics and the 'birth' of Einstein theory of relativity, the Rutherford–Bohr model of the hydrogen atom and quantum mechanics that logically proceeded therefrom.  In the course of its development natural science has reviewed the main fundamental provisions and paradigms as a result of reconsideration of previously established and adopted by the academic community logical relations such as 'cause and effect', 'reason and phenomenon', 'grounds and theory based thereupon' as well as inspirational, causal and systems determinations. The main research method used by the authors is the method of the reconstruction of cognitive representations of that epoch in terms of the modern concept of the physical picture of the world. The main conclusion is that Thomas Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions 'highlighted' a number of important methodological peculiarities of the crisis of physics at the turn of centuries and allowed to develop particular methodology based on those peculiarities and sometimes even took a new look at them and compare them to the typical peculiarities of later 'scientific revolutions'. 

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