Spektor D.M. Knowledge of the myth and myths of knowledge (to poetics of a formation of myths).

Abstract: Interpretations of the myth, at all variety, are based rather narrow circle of anthropological ideas among which the model of "homo sapiens" predominates. The understanding of the myth is connected with it directly (rationalistic interpretation) or indirectly (the models based on structuralist and semantic approaches). In this article the treatment of the myth caused by the real circumstances of its origin and primary functions connected first of all not with a rational exposition of reality, but with initiation of the certain instance representing collective spirit is planned. The method of research is caused by criticism of widespread mythological concepts; in its course their bias and the apriorizm caused by the prevailing positivistic position is established. In article is shown that the dawn of human history is marked not by gradual accumulation of an intellectual resource, but as explosive refusal of a support on schemes and algorithms of action, the refusal which demanded absolutely specific providing, one of which elements the myth acts. In the substantial relation the myth inherits to the following functions of cultural formation: a) deduction of pathos and to its transfer to the vital world in the sounding word; b) initiations of readiness for collective and spontaneous reaction "suddenly" (to ecstatic experience), c) to rooting as a part of mentality of the instance of involvement reacting to an environment as a being (whole, the world) the certain typicalness subordinating the shown.

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