Abstract: In modern world, different aspects of military science are of crucial significance in the questions related to ensuring national security and protection of national interests of the countries. The activity of separate entities, groups or units of the state militarized formations implemented abroad for solution of tasks within the framework of ensuring national security is defined as “military presence”. The author determines the types of military presence used by the Soviet Union during the cold war in different geographical areas; formulates conclusions based on the analysis of usage of each type of military presence and their impact upon international situation; as well as notes the priorities of realization of USSR military-land and naval presence. The research methodology contains the methods of politological and historical studies, historiography, and systemic approach. The main conclusions consist in the thesis that during the cold war period all types of military presence operated as a universal mechanism in the context of military policy of the Soviet Union: the entire palette of forms of military presence, from fly-over and call at the allies’ ports to placement of the land military objects. At the same time, international relations during the indicated period were viewed through the prism of opposition between the Soviet Union and the United States due to the military presence policy that allowed influencing global processes.

Keywords: naval presence, military-land presence, military policy, confrontation of USSR-USA, cold war, USSR armed forces, types of military presence, military presence, air presence, military-space presence

Abstract: This article is dedicated to one of the important questions of studying the everyday life of urban population – organization of leisure in the cities of Karakalpakstan during the 1960’s – 1980’s. Based on the scientific analysis, the author generalized the experience in organization of leisure on the republic, as well as determent its development trends, patterns and peculiarities, regional specificities of organization of leisure in the cities of Karakalpakstan in the period from 1960’s to 1980’s. The work leans on the principles of critical interpretation of sources, systematization, and comparative data analysis. Research methodology is structured on the local material. The application of local approach suggests focusing attention on the peculiarities of problems pertaining to organization of leisure in a specific region, in this case – the Republic of Karakalpakstan for the indicated period. The scientific novelty consists in conducting the first within national historiography analysis of the history of organization of leisure for urban population of Karakalpakstan during the 1960’s – 1980’s. The detailed statistics allows examining the main forms of spending leisure time by the regional population, as well as its development prospects in the Republic of Karakalpakstan.

Keywords: Nukus, population, resort, radio, leisure, television, house if culture, theatre, leisure of population, Karakalpakstan

Abstract:   The modern social and humanities research use evaluation information, therefore the key task of the scientific-methodological culture of a researchers is to philosophically substantiate the veracity of research results of the object (conducted by the subject), which represents evaluation information on properties of the objects. This determines the undeniable relevance of this work. The subject of philosophical study is the evaluation-value problematic. The goal consists in formation of socio-philosophical representation on the problems of application of evaluation information in the culture of social and humanities research. The scientific novelty consists in philosophical analysis of the evaluation-value problems within the culture of social and humanities cognition. The objectivity of cognition is to subjectively (this is the only way) reveal all properties of the object. Moreover, in not only actual science, but also social life, objectivity is defined subjectively by the means of evaluation. The ideas contained in this article may become the conceptual framework for social and humanities theories, as well as practical activity of the institutions of government regulation of social relations.  

Keywords: personality, philosophy of knowledge, science, values, estimations, methodology of social-humanitarian research, society, culture of research, subject of estimation, object estimation

Abstract: The subject of this research is the level of content of China’s users with the provided services on the Internet access. The article examines the technical characteristics of information and communication networks in China, coverage of territory with the services of mobile Internet. Attention is given to preferences of Chinese Internet users with regards to services of information and telecommunication companies. The article is dedicated to examination of sociology of the Internet in China; reviews the question of age and gender stratification, preferences in using separate apps, software and services using the Internet; economic preferences of Chinese Internet users. The author comes to the conclusion the over the recent years the Internet in China took a quantum leap at the level of infiltration into society, as well as technical support means. Taking into account the emergence of 5G technologies, there is high potential for development. The author underlines that the government policy in the area of Internet formed a particular behavior pattern of Chinese users – they are presented as responsible and disciplined, eager to pay for the content, actively use subscription services, and demonstrate increase in Internet usage. A conclusion is made that the potential for development of digital economy in the country is especially high.

Keywords: internet economics, level of satisfaction, specifications, preferences, behavior, user, Internet, coverage level, sociology of internet users, behavioral preferences

Abstract: The U.S. lawyers played the leading role in organization and arrangement of the International Military Tribunal for the Far East (IMTFE) intended for trial of the main Japanese war criminals. Tribunal was established by a charter issued by the U.S. Army General Douglas MacArthur, who was appointed as a Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers in Japan. Therefore, prevalence of Anglo-Saxon legal family is evident in the practice of tribunal. One of them is the use of affidavit in the Tokyo International Military Tribunal. The article applies the method of comparative legal studies; conducts analysis of the legal norms stipulated in decrees of the tribunals. Dogmatic method is employed for interpretation of legal norms presented in the decrees. The author examines the practice of presenting and usage of affidavit in the course of judicial procedure in the International Military Tribunal for the Far East. Affidavits were provided into the tribunal by prosecution witnesses, as well as by defendants themselves. The article also demonstrated the use of affidavits by the U.S. administration for political purposes.  

Keywords: history of international law, war criminals, international military tribunal, international criminal justice, Affidavit, Inernational law, MacArthur, IMTFE, World War II, Tokyo Tribunal