Abstract: An integral element of the legal status of employees of institutions and bodies executing criminal penalties is their social and legal protection. This concept has a complex nature and includes several types of legal guarantees. The subject of the research is a comprehensive analysis of the current state and the prospects for improving the implementation of social guarantees by employees of the penal enforcement system under modern Russian socio-economic conditions. The aim of the research is to characterize contemporary trends and experiences in implementing social policy in the field of ensuring the welfare of employees of the penal enforcement system and their families; to identify the most relevant and significant issues for law enforcement practice in this area; and to develop a comprehensive set of measures to improve the system of medical, housing, and other types of social security for employees of the Russian penal system. The methodological foundation of this work consists of a group of general scientific and special methods, including dialectical, normative-legal, statistical, sociological, predictive methods, as well as induction and deduction. The novelty of the conducted scientific research lies in: firstly, the development of regulations for providing a separate state service - the provision of high-tech medical assistance not included in the basic mandatory health insurance program; secondly, the normative regulation and introduction of the practice of monitoring the completeness, timeliness, and quality of medical services provided to the contingent of employees of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation; thirdly, the adoption of practices for maintaining the mental health of employees of correctional institutions. Among the optimal and most rational ways to eliminate the identified difficulties in the area of housing provision, one can highlight, firstly, the addition of the list of social guarantees for the penal enforcement employees with the opportunity to obtain a service mortgage, and secondly, the simplification of the procedure for providing housing guarantees through the improvement of inter-agency cooperation in the process of obtaining the necessary documents.

Abstract: The subject of the study of this article is the theoretical, legal and practical aspects of the analysis of cryptocurrencies used in the commission of certain types of criminal offenses, both financial and otherwise of various kinds within the framework of Russian criminal law policy. The purpose of the research is to characterize the current problems of understanding cryptocurrencies in the criminal law sense, as well as to develop a set of measures to improve current legislation in this area. The author characterizes the polysemantic essence of the term cryptocurrency itself, its volatility, and also proves the practical need to recognize cryptocurrencies as the subject and means of committing crimes. A significant theoretical and regulatory framework has been studied in the context under consideration. The author provides examples from Russian judicial practice to confirm his position. In this work, the method of system analysis, normative-legal, dialectical, statistical, logical, formal-legal and other methods that are widely recognized in modern legal science were actively used. The importance of using certain conceptual regulatory documents of regulatory branches of law, namely civil, banking and others, in the process of improving the current law, is emphasized for the process of proper qualification of certain types of criminal encroachments, illegal use of cryptocurrencies as a quasi-financial instrument. In order to form a uniform judicial practice, as well as eliminate existing contradictions, the author proposes updating the "basic legal structures" of the current regulatory legal acts of the Russian Federation and certain provisions in the Resolutions of the Plenum of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation in the field of criminal analysis of cryptocurrencies in the mechanism of committing crimes, which together constitute the novelty of scientific research. The scope of the results provides for the possibility of practical use of the proposed recommendations in the process of improving current legislation.

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a permanent downward trend in the number of escapes from prisons. However, despite this, there still an urgent problem that requires a comprehensive and integrated approach to prevention of escapes. The subject of the study is the analysis of the key reasons influencing the escape of convicts and the identification of existing problems in the activities of correctional institutions. The purpose of the work is to assess the current state of the penal enforcement service in Russia in the context of work on preventing escapes; to draw up a portrait of a modern convict who escaped; to determine what the phenomenon of escapes lies in; to develop a set of measures to improve the prevention of escape activity; to formulate development directions for minimizing and preventing escapes from correctional institutions. The methodological basis of this work combines theoretical and practical aspects: criminological, regulatory and comparative analysis, statistical method, sociological approach, induction, deduction. The research paper proposes a list of a set of measures to eliminate existing problems and improve the work of the penal enforcement system to prevent escapes from places of deprivation of liberty. The results of the work indicate the importance of the problem of prisons' escapes and emphasize the need for a thorough study of escape activity both at the legislative level and at the level of each correctional institution, which as a result will be regarded as a competent investment in the normal functioning of the penal system. The scope of the results includes the practical use of the proposed recommendations by the territorial bodies of the penal enforcement system to monitor the state of escape activity and the full performance of assigned duties by correctional officers. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the development of author's recommendations on minimizing escape activity. The conclusions that were formulated in the work made it possible to draw attention to such an acute problem that exists in modern realities in correctional institutions, to the need to eliminate gaps and shortcomings that affect escapes from correctional institutions, as well as to develop optimal ways to minimize and solve these problems.