Abstract: In this paper, an attempt is made to use the theoretical propositions of the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon to investigate the theory of digital networks at the intersection of the concept of "concretization" (as the process of embodying abstract structures in material practices) and the concept of "transindividual" (a collective dimension that goes beyond the individual). This allows for a new perspective on modern digital technologies and society. Furthermore, the article asserts that by developing the theory of technicality as a way of human existence alongside religion, science, and art, the evolution of technicality reaches its culmination precisely in digital networks, through which the world itself becomes not only networked but also technosocial. In this case, digital networks are not only a result of concretization, akin to the formation of a crystal, but are rather similar to a technical ensemble, a deeply interconnected technological and social formation. The research employed general scientific methods, among which the descriptive method, dialectical method, as well as methods of analysis, observation, and synthesis are highlighted. It should be emphasized that this work is research-oriented and aims to conceptualize the digital network as a unique technosocial object that is in constant evolutionary development. In this regard, the work proposes three key cognitive structures for studying digital networks: the process of concretization, a triadic model that unites elements, people, and technical ensembles, and an analysis of technicality that traces the evolution from the initial rupture of magical unity to the role of elements within digital networks as supports for transindividual relationships. Additionally, it is worth noting that very recently, the concept of transindividuality has become a central analytic for studying interactions between big data, algorithmic systems, and digital platforms within network infrastructures. The aim of this work is to deepen contemporary interpretations of transindividuality by proposing two directions for research: first, the application of Simondon's logic to the study of the concept of the digital network, and second, a deeper examination of the role of transindividuality in modern digital networks.

Abstract: The subject of this study is the ontological project of the brilliant French philosopher Gilbert Simondon (1924-1989), which consists of examining the individual through individuation in all spheres of reality: physical, biological, psychosocial (transindividual) and even technological. According to Simondon, the point is to use metaphysics to outline the ontological perspective of the individual's development on the path to individuation as a condition for the complete knowledge of reality. In addition, for Simondon, the theory of "individuation" comes from a relational meaning: this concept transforms a certain potentiality into a current reality. That is why this theory consists primarily in the ontogenesis of the individual as a problem of potential fiction: "more than one". The research methodology includes such general scientific approaches as the descriptive method, the categorization method, the method of analysis, observation and synthesis. It should be noted that this article has a search character and is aimed at understanding the individual as unique in relation to himself - unfinished, free and surpassing his being. Moreover, Simondon connects the idea of ​​a free and self-overcoming individual with the concept of technology as a creator-inventor. It follows that technical activity can be considered as an introduction to the true essence and as a manifestation of creative initiative in the name of individual freedom. In conclusion, the author points out: freedom through technology does not mean belonging to a certain gender or being chosen. This is a life calling, since it is based on the readiness to meet the highest risk of death. At the same time, the feeling of freedom inherent in a technician not only imposes great responsibility on him, but also gives his actions a universal ethical value.

Abstract: One of the very few who, along with Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995), recognized from the very beginning the importance of the philosophical works of the outstanding philosopher and thinker in the field of technology and technological innovation Gilbert Simondon (1924–1989) was the famous philosopher and anthropologist Bernard Stiegler (1952–2020). In his works, Stiegler not only directly refers to the works of this thinker, but also continues his thoughts, just as Simondon himself conducted a “dialogue” with Henri Bergson (1859–1941). However, the nature of this new dialogue is so specific that Stiegler questions the status of “first philosophy”, which Simondon, following Bergson, attributed to the philosophy of nature understood as cosmogenesis (Bergson) or ontogenesis (Simondon). In this case, as specific research methods for constituting the concept of the Simondon's "pre-individual" and the Stiegler's idea of the original technological nature of this pre-individual, we use such general scientific approaches as the descriptive method, the method of categorization, the method of analysis, the method of observation, the genetic method and the comparative-contrastive method. Hence, the goal of our research is not only to refute the critical assessment expressed by Stiegler in relation to Simondon, but also to successfully understand the specificity of ontogenesis, we will try to solve the following problems: 1) to reveal the philosophical understanding of the hypothesis of the pre-individual state of being, from which any phase of individuation (physical, biological, mental or psychosocial) comprehended as being flows; 2) to investigate the reasons why Stiegler has grounds to accuse Simondon of not having fully thought through the psychosocial (transindividual) phase of individuation; 3) discuss Stiegler's additional step, which ultimately recognizes the intrinsically technological dimension of the pre-individual.

Abstract: Social researcher Gilbert Simondon (1924–1989) was one of those recognized as a philosopher of information. Simondon’s lifelong philosophical project was to explain what we today call “information ontology”, a subject that deserves to be explored in detail. This article argues that Simondon’s “information ontology” was created not only in the context of the cybernetic tradition, but also within the framework of the positioning of a new materialism that was intended to change contemporary debates around issues related to information, communication and technology. Furthermore, the article explores the concepts of “organization” and “information”, the combination of which considers the science of the individual as a process of not only living but also psychosocial individuation, constituted by transindividual relations. The research methodology includes such general scientific approaches as the descriptive method, the method of categorization, the method of analysis, observation and synthesis. As a result, it was established that in Simondon's theory, information is a formula for individuation. And moreover, for Simondon, it is a tension, not a term; it is based on a minimally heterogeneous problem and affects the future in order to resolve emerging states. Information always implies not only a change of phase or heterogeneity, which may seem decisive, but it is also a semantic content, thanks to which the system is individualized. Therefore, information is the basis of individuation, a requirement for individuation, it is never something given. This is why the appeal to the concept of "information" as the "information potential" of the organization of the system, and not as a form, emphasizes that the emerging meaning requires something unsaturated, namely, incomplete formation.

Abstract: The subject of this study is the problem of individuation of a living system (ontogenesis of a vital individual) considered by the French philosopher Gilbert Simondon (1924–1989), which is the process where life arises and perpetuates itself. Simondon argues that individuation in a living system is carried out within itself. A living system is defined by its external boundaries and its internal processes, which are constantly adapted to both the environment and the internal structure. In addition, biological individuation is the organization of a solution, namely, the resolution of an objectively problematic living system. This solution should be understood as an internal resonance, the most primitive way of communication between realities of different orders. Therefore, we believe that Simondon managed to turn internal resonance into an extremely rich scientific and philosophical concept suitable for the explication of a living system. The research methodology includes such general scientific approaches as the descriptive method, the categorization method, the analysis method, the observation method and the comparative method. It should be noted that this article has an exploratory character, oriented towards understanding Simondon's philosophy and its relevance today. Moreover, it is aimed not only at understanding the living system as non-identical to itself, but also seeks to show that we think about life within the framework of Simondonian non-reductionist materialism. In this regard, the living system is transformed both from the inside and from the outside. All the contents of its internal space are in "topological" contact with the contents of the external space. In conclusion, the author argues that reflecting on the nature of the living system is tantamount to searching for material ontological conditions of individuation in Simondon.

Abstract: The French philosopher Gilles Deleuze (1925–1995) wrote many original works, but one short article, “The Actual and the Virtual,” is, in our opinion, one of the most important. Deleuze’s virtual appears in almost every work, and its influence can be felt everywhere from the idea of singularity to the concepts of differentiation and individuation. That is why the virtual, for Deleuze, is the real, which forms the basis of his philosophical strategy, and where this virtual is opposed not to the real, but to the actual. In other words, Deleuze’s virtual objects are created in perception as memory objects that constitute the object of perception (the actual object). Moreover, according to Deleuze, the unconscious character of his virtual images is probably the greatest obstacle in adapting his theory to the problem of computer-generated virtual worlds. Using the comparative method, virtuality is studied in Deleuze's discussion with Henri Bergson (1859-1941), which is revealed precisely as a process of creative actualization. Unlike the actualization of the possible, which is equivalent to a sudden entry into reality, the actualization of the virtual in Deleuze's sense always occurs through difference, divergence or differentiation. Moreover, for Deleuze, the virtual has the reality of a task that must be accomplished or a problem that must be solved. Therefore, in this article, the author, for the first time, tries to answer the question of whether Deleuze's idea of virtuality can be applied in the philosophy of information science, including for the study of computer virtual worlds. In this case, the main result of the study is the substantiation of the fact that virtuality, both in Deleuze and in Bergson, is an epistemological and not an ontological concept.