Abstract: The relevance of this study lies in the fact that in the realities of the modern world, political discourse plays a key role in international relations, determining not only the nature of diplomatic interactions and strategic decisions but also public opinion. The main reasons for the emergence of political texts and an essential component of international communication are globalization and the increasing intercultural interactions. Moreover, the Arabic political discourse, characterized by unique lexicogrammatical and stylistic features shaped by the historical and cultural context of the Arab world, is of particular interest. The adaptation of Arabic political texts into Russian is, in turn, a complex process that requires both in-depth knowledge of the language itself and an understanding of the cultural, historical, and social aspects of Arab society. This article examines the lexical characteristics of Arabic political discourse that pose the greatest challenges in the translation process into foreign languages, particularly into Russian. The research material consists of articles from Arabic and Russian news websites such as "Al Jazeera," "Daily Sabah Arabic," "RT," and "RBC," analyzed using methods of functional-dynamic approach and contextual analysis. The conducted study revealed that, firstly, Arabic political texts are characterized by: polysemy of vocabulary, the presence of a large number of fixed expressions, and specific terms. Secondly, expressions with historical and religious references are noted in the political discourse under consideration. Thirdly, emotional coloring is an integral part of the Arabic language, which can also lead to a number of difficulties in translation since neutrality is more characteristic of the Russian language. Thus, the translation of Arabic political texts into Russian requires a new comprehensive approach that should include the analysis of rhetorical devices, terminology, and cultural context, taking into account the modern processes occurring in the world: globalization, the emergence of new technologies, the influence of social media, and so on.

Abstract: In modern linguistics, research is actively developing aimed at cognizing the surrounding reality, verbalized by linguistic units of a particular language. At the same time, of course, interdisciplinary research, including both linguistic and extralinguistic data, is of particular value. The relevance of our article is the comparison of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD as fragments of the linguistic picture of the world of the Russian-speaking and Spanish-speaking peoples based on the synthesis of linguocultural and linguocognitive approaches to the study of concepts. The purpose of the work is to identify and compare the conceptual features of the above-mentioned concepts in Russian and Spanish linguistic cultures based on lexicographic sources and using extralinguistic socio-demographic data. The results obtained can find practical application in lexicographical activity. In our study, the conceptual features of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD were reconstructed based on the data of explanatory, encyclopedic, etymological dictionaries of the Russian and Spanish languages. The conceptual features of the mentioned concepts were identified by understanding the semantic scope of the names of the concepts: the lexemes youth, young in Russian and juventud, joven – in Spanish. Despite the fact that the concept of YOUTH was previously the subject of scientific analysis in the works of Russian linguists, a comparative study of the conceptual features of the concepts of YOUTH and JUVENTUD in Russian and Spanish linguistic cultures has not been conducted before, which is the novelty of the article. It was revealed that the coinciding conceptual features include: 1) a certain life stage of a person between adolescence and adulthood; 2) characteristic of youth; 3) the first stage of life / existence (about an animal, plant, phenomenon); 4) younger in age or time. It was also found that the period of youth for speakers of Spanish linguoculture covers a greater number of years, compared with the same period in Russian linguoculture, which is due to extralinguistic factors – a longer life expectancy in a Spanish-speaking society. In addition, for native Russian speakers, YOUTH is often associated with ‘immaturity, weakness’, while in Spanish linguoculture JUVENTUD is perceived as a period of ‘flourishing, strength, energy'.