Abstract: The subject of the study is the theoretical and legal aspects of the legal status of convicted mothers in Russia. The paper provides a consistent analysis of the problems of the legal status of convicted mothers and defines the vector of prospects for improving the social protection of motherhood in prisons. The purpose of the study is to comprehensively examine this institution in the modern penal system of the Russian Federation, identify current problems and develop the most optimal directions for modernizing current legislation and its application. To achieve this goal, the current state of maternity protection in institutions carrying out criminal penalties in the form of imprisonment was investigated, and problems were identified that hinder the comprehensive provision of the rights, freedoms and basic guarantees of convicted mothers while serving their sentences. When writing a scientific article, both general scientific and private scientific methods were widely used, including methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction, induction, analogy, comparative, formal legal, and a number of others. The scientific novelty of this article lies in the fact that it is an independent study devoted to the current problems of the implementation of the legal status of convicted mothers, the prospects for its regulatory and organizational improvement in the current conditions. The novelty of the research results is of a dualistic nature. In the scientific and theoretical field: the social conditionality of maternity protection in places of deprivation of liberty is argued; specific problems that reduce the effectiveness of the correction of convicted mothers are identified. In the practice: in order to improve the institution of penitentiary motherhood, the author suggests measures to adjust the penal enforcement law. Based on the results of the study, the following results were identified that can be implemented in the activities of bodies and institutions of the penal enforcement system of the Russian Federation: it is recommended to extend the minimum possible shortened periods (the institute of parole) to convicted pregnant women or women with children under four years of age who have committed crimes of moderate severity; proposed measures that contribute to increasing the authority of medical workers in correctional institutions and aimed at eliminating the personnel shortage of specialists in the field of medicine in correctional institutions; the creation and implementation of highly specialized, thematic comprehensive programs for providing psychological assistance to convicted mothers in penitentiary institutions is justified.

Abstract: The subject of this article is the problem of professional training of current and future employees of the Russian penitentiary enforcement system in the context of the digital transformation of the penitentiary system in the country and the world. The relevance of the stated topic is due to the fact that the current employees of the penal enforcement system have a low level of knowledge of information technologies. In addition, modern professional training of future personnel of the penitentiary system is carried out without the use of such information innovations as distance education technologies and digital security. The article examines the current level of information technology proficiency of current employees of the penitentiary system; describes the problems existing in the system of training future personnel when they receive education in institutions under the jurisdiction of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation, as well as in civilian universities training personnel in the field of "Jurisprudence", "Law Enforcement"; the problem of the lack of courses is considered improving the digital literacy of current employees of the penitentiary system; the experience of using distance learning technologies by foreign countries in the process of obtaining education by current employees who have the opportunity to improve their competence without interrupting their direct official duties; the possibility of applying foreign experience in the Russian penitentiary system was assessed. Along with general scientific methods, the authors also used special legal methods (system-analytical, comparative legal, statistical). The novelty of the research lies in the development of the main ways to solve the problems of professional training of employees of the penitentiary system within the framework of the digital transformation of the penitentiary system, providing for improving the training of existing employees, as well as introducing certain innovations in the training of future personnel of the penitentiary system. On the basis of the conducted research, difficulties were identified and opportunities for improving the modern professional training of future personnel, as well as current employees of the penitentiary enforcement system, contributing to the optimization of processes and improving the quality of the penitentiary system were identified. The best way to solve these problems will be the introduction of a mandatory requirement to improve the digital literacy of existing employees of the system. For institutions that train future personnel of the penitentiary system, it is necessary to introduce disciplines into the educational program aimed at obtaining practical skills in working with automated information systems used in the activities of the Federal Penitentiary Service of the Russian Federation.