Abstract: This article examines the theoretical grounds for handgun purchase authorization within the framework of the administrative licensing procedure. The author substantiates the relevance of this topic and its direct impact upon public safety. Analysis is conducted on the current licensing models for the purchase of firearm by citizens in the Russian Federation and its key characteristics. The author carries out a comparative analysis of licensing models for handgun purchase in Russia and certain foreign countries, as well as reveals their merits and shortcomings. The main research method is the systemic structural approach towards the analysis of licensing the purchase of firearm by citizens as a form of public law authorization. The article substantiates the need for extending the legal framework in the structure of administrative procedure for licensing the handgun purchase by individuals the Russian Federation, balancing the private and public interests aimed at improving public safety via application of the more advanced mechanisms of administrative-legal regulation in the context of distribution of civilian firearms in society.