Abstract: Japan-China cultural ties in the 1970s and 1980s received a powerful impetus for development against the background of strengthening bilateral relations in the 1970s and the beginning of a turn in Chinese foreign policy towards increasing ties with market economies. Traditionally, cultural transfer from China to Japan has occupied in the center of contacts between two states, but in the 20th century, political relations and cultural dialogue have undergone a series of dramatic changes. After the end of the Second World War, despite ideological contradictions, cultural contacts between China and Japan expanded steadily. The purpose of this article is to study the development of cultural dialogue between Japan and China during 15 years following the normalization of Japanese-Chinese relations in 1972, by exploring three channels of diplomacy: the official cultural activities of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, cultural diplomacy of public organizations and the creative and cultural activities of the chairman of the Japanese Pen Club Inoue Yasushi, who acted as a representative the part of the intellectual elite of Japan that was set up in favor of dialogue with the PRC. The article highlights three stages of the formation of Japanese-Chinese cultural contacts in the 1950s – 1980s, gives their characteristics and reveals the main content of contacts at the civil level, highlights important cultural projects, for example, a special project to study and highlight the history of the Great Silk Road in China. The channel of civil cultural diplomacy and the personal role of Inoue Yasushi played a significant role in building a constructive Japanese-Chinese dialogue against the background of a shortage of official ties between the two countries in the 1950s – 1980s.

Abstract: This article analyzes the establishment of mutually beneficial model of the dialogue between Russia and Japan in the context of implementation of new negotiation tactics on the bilateral level in the late XX century. Particular attention is given namely to the tactics that are considered as the basis for the formation of partnership between the countries since the end of the 1980s. Intensification of the dialogue between Russia and Japan in the 1990s contributed to alignment of the parties in seeking the grounds for the development of mutually advantageous relations. The application of the instruments of face-to-face negotiations and informal meetings can be viewed as an indicator of alignment of the parties, a desire to propel the bilateral cooperation to a fundamentally new level, which is proven by the provisions of the “Moscow Declaration on the establishment of a constructive partnership between the Russian Federation and Japan” of 1998, which has become the framework for collaborative actions in the new century. The article discusses the most common tactics and methods applied in the negotiations between Russia and Japan, although its it not an exhaustive list of all possible techniques. The scientific novelty consists in systematization and description of the tactics of Japan’s diplomacy that were practically implemented in Russian in the 1990s and remain relevant to the present day. Personal contribution of the politicians and diplomats into creation of the foundation for multidimensional cooperation between Russia and Japan was of crucial importance. Analysis is conducted on the activity of Japanese diplomats Tamba Minoru, Edamura Sumio, Togo Kazuhiko, as well as politicians Nakayama Taro, Hashimoto Ryutaro, Obuchi Keizo, and Mori Yoshiro, who played the role of the political architects in Tokyo with regards to Russia. The works published by them are a valuable source for the analysis of the events under review.