Abstract: The article brings attention to the problem of mastering the mineral and raw material potential of the European North of Russia through the lens of understanding the historical experience of researching this territory in the early years of Soviet power – from 1917 to the early 1920s, in the context of addressing state tasks related to the study and practical use of the natural productive forces of the RSFSR. The object of study is the activities of state departments and scientific institutions of the RSFSR aimed at the development of natural resources in the European North. The subject of research is the historical role of science in studying the mineral and raw material resources of the European North of the RSFSR and the significance of the results obtained for further industrial development of the region. The basis of the research consists of documents from the funds of the Russian State Historical Archive, the Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute, the Central State Archive of Scientific and Technical Documentation of St. Petersburg, and the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences, some of which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. One of the foundations of the source base of the work consists of published legislative acts that characterize the work of the Soviet government, as well as scientific works by researchers of the North. The methodological basis of the work includes the main principles of modern historical science: historicism and scientific objectivity. The research is based on a systematic approach that allowed for the creation of an objective historical reconstruction of events related to the study of mineral and raw material resources in the European North during the specified time period. Based on the analysis of sources and reliance on methodological approaches, it has been determined that after 1917, the European North was in a zone of special priorities for the government. The need to address state tasks aimed at expanding the mineral and raw material base of the RSFSR to overcome the economic crisis necessitated the wide application of mineral resources from this territory in economic development. This marked the beginning of the intensive activities of scientific institutions (the Geological Committee, the Northern Scientific and Industrial Expedition, the Russian Academy of Sciences), whose main directions became the study of resource potential and its assessment for industrial use. It is concluded that during this period the problem of developing the European North gained national significance, which provided a powerful impetus for its systematic study and industrial development. Familiarity with this historical experience is essential for the implementation of modern plans for the development of the European North of Russia.

Abstract: The article highlights the historical role of Russian science in the study of the northern and Arctic territories. The object of the study is the process of developing the mineral resource potential of the European North of the USSR in the context of the implementation of the tasks of industrialization in the 1920s and 1930s. This period is characterized by the intensification of research in these territories, when the Soviet government embarked on a course to intensify the industrial development of the Far North and the Arctic, with the aim of quickly involving their rich resource potential in the country's economy. The subject of the research is the historical role of science in the field of prospecting and studying the mineral resources of the European North of the USSR and the importance of the results obtained for scientific and technical support for the development of the mining industry in the region. Based on archival and published sources, the author analyzes the key research results of the USSR Academy of Sciences, the Leningrad Geological Exploration Trust, the All-Union Arctic Institute, the structures of the Main Directorate of Correctional Labor Camps in the territories of the Kola Peninsula, Karelia, the Pechora River basin, the Novaya Zemlya Archipelago, and the Vaigach Island. The methodological basis of the work is based on the basic principles of modern historical science: historicism and scientific objectivity. The research is based on a systematic approach, which made it possible to create an objective historical reconstruction of events related to the discovery and exploration of the mineral resources of the European North during the designated time period.   It is determined that the solution of large-scale state tasks for the scientific and technological development of the country during the period of industrialization necessitated the widespread use of the rich mineral resources of this territory in the development of the USSR economy, which determined the increase in the pace of scientific research activities. As a result, scientists studied a significant part of the European North of the USSR, discovered and explored a large number of mineral deposits of industrial importance (pegmatites, apatite-nepheline ores, coal, oil, etc.). It was concluded that by the end of the 1930s. the identified deposits and detailed geological exploration provided a powerful raw material base for the development of mining industrial development in the territory of the European North of the USSR, which formed one of the foundations of the country's industrial development.

Abstract: The subject of the study is the practice of functioning of the scientific community of Russia at the turn of the XIX and XX centuries. The object of the study is the personality of the famous scientist, academician E.S. Fedorov (1853-1919). The main source of the research was the memoirs "Our everyday life, sorrows and joys", the author of which is the wife of the scientist L.V. Fedorov. The memoirs were prepared by 1927 at the request of E.S. Fedorov's students and colleagues and were dedicated to his personality. The memoirs cover the period of the second half of the XIX century – the beginning of the XX century . and they cover the life of the Fedorov family. Currently, the original document is stored in the Academician's personal fund in the St. Petersburg branch of the Archive of the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 1992, the memoirs were published in print. Based on the thematic-chronological method of analyzing the source, the article considers the image of E.S. Fedorov as a scientific figure. The main attention is paid to the study of the scientific biography of the scientist in the 1880s-1890s. During this period, the scientist was an employee of the Geological Committee, conducted successful expedition studies of the Northern Urals, published the first results of the theory of crystal structure he was developing. The ideas and achievements of the scientist at that time were not recognized among the scientific community of Russia and he had to fight for a place in the scientific world. Based on the memoirs, the motives of E.S. Fedorov's scientific activity, his relationships with colleagues and mentors are analyzed for the first time, the scientist is shown in the role of a family man. The conclusion is made about the value of this source as expanding the boundaries of the study of the biography of a scientist and the functioning of science in general. XIX century – beginning . XX century .

Abstract: The subject of this research is the history of establishment and development of geological science in the territory of the European North of Russia in the XX century. The object is the scientific activity of one of scientists who dedicated is entire life to development and studying of geology of the European North, the Doctor of Geological and Mineralogical sciences Vladimir Alekseevich Dedeev (1931-1997). On the basis of the archive documents that remained in funds of the Scientific Archive of Komi Republic of the Scientific Center of Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, the author examines the details of scientific biography and activity of the scientist associated with studying of the prospects of petroleum potential of the northern territories. The goal of this work consists in demonstration of value of the preserved documentary scientific heritage for studying V. A. Dedeev’s scientific activity and history of the development of geology throughout this timeframe. In conclusion, the author underlines that the documentary sources, preserved in the State Archive of Komi Republic, allow familiarizing with the academic results of the works of V. A. Dedeev. The modern petroleum, geology of the territory of European North in many aspects leans on the results of his research and scientific conclusions. The geologist’s works also contributed into the fuel and energy development of the northern region.