Abstract: The study of climate resilient urban environment formation background in the conditions of a mountain coast and monsoon climate: the case of Vladivostok. The urban environment of a coastal Far-Eastern city is considered as a set of natural and anthropogenic landscapes in their development and interaction in the conditions of climate change. The methodology for identifying climate risk zones in this study is based on assessing changes in the direction and the vector climate factors action intensity – wind and solar radiation – by low-mountainous terrain and urban development.
The main climate risk zones in the considered Vladivostok city territory are: – the slopes of the eastern coast of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula exposed to the southeast monsoon, as well as peaks and watersheds throughout the peninsula (wind exposure combined with heavy precipitation); – river valleys oriented to the west and built-up thalwegs (flooding by storm precipitation and excessive insolation heating in hot, muggy weather); – valleys mouth, lowlands and alluvial territories of the peninsula western coast, port facilities and city bays embankments (flooding as a result of a gradual increase in the world sea level).
The influence assessment of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula southern part forest cover dynamics and initial orographic structure on the climate risk zones formation is provided in the article. It is shown that intensive anthropogenic development of the peninsula hummocky terrain will generate new urban landscapes topography with radically different microclimate and its regulation possibilities by 2030. Areas of existing and planned high-density multi-storey buildings are identified as increased climate risk zones. In the biotope city concept development, an architectural and spatial model of the climate resilient urban environment as a single architectural and landscape system is proposed. The model components differ by the anthropogenic landscapes density degree and their layered structure features.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the peculiarities of formation of sustainable architectural environment using green photobioreactors – a technical devices that ensures specific conditions for the life cycle of microalgae. In global practice, this direction is known as “Algaetecture”. The authors define “Algaetecture” as a set of measures and means for the formation of environmentally sustainable urban environment, based on the integration of green photobioreactor systems into the structure of open and closed urban spaces. The research demonstrated that the spatial characteristics of objects containing photobioreactor systems are directly associated with the conditions for the life cycle of microalgae. Modelling of the shape for enduring the life cycle of microalgae is one of the leading factors in the formation of volumetric planning characteristics of buildings, development of landscape design of the vicinity, and architectural solution of the photobioreactor systems themselves. As a result, the author determines the main methods of creating urban environment that maximize the efficiency of based on photobioreactors green systems that are integrated into the building. This includes: consideration of local climate peculiarities in development of spatial characteristics of the buildings, namely for redistribution of solar radiation; use of various techniques for the formation of multilayered, weather-adaptive façade envelopes and roofs of the buildings; ensuring the interface between the architecture of external photobioreactor systems and interior environment of the buildings for creating the inside light and heat comfort; formation of the vicinity open spaces and surfaces of the building that contains photobioreactors, as a unified system that regulates insolation and wind streams; combination of different photobioreactor systems and microalgae cultures, including in the one particular architectural object. Based on the acquires results, the author offers solutions for the volume, surfaces and territory of a building that includes photobioreactor systems, considering the specificity of the monsoon climate of Southern Primorye. The recommendations are elaborated on the development of the architecture of photobioreactor systems for the facades of buildings depending on their expansion into the main sectors of the horizon.

Abstract: This article examines the peculiarities of formation of the sustainable urban environment in the conditions of rugged terrain and monsoon climate common for the city of Vladivostok, based on restoration of its natural hydrological cycle. The authors provide a brief overview of the current state of research on the topic of restoration and preservation of the natural hydrological cycle in urban environment; analyze the impact of the landscape-climatic factors upon the formation of hydrological cycle in the territory of Vladivostok; assesse the initial state and anthropogenic transformation of the natural carcass and water-collecting fabric of the landscape in the course of urban development of the south of the Muravyov-Amursky Peninsula. The research method contains the systematization of theoretical knowledge and design practices in the field of formation of the sustainable urban environment in the conditions of water system renovation the analysis of interaction of the urban planning pattern with the landscape and water system of the territory in accordance with the cartographic data of various years; on-side survey of and experimental design for the Obyasnenie River in Vladivostok. As a result, for the initial natural landscape of Vladivostok, are determine the three types of section of water-collecting fabric based on the seasonal variation of their contribution into the water content of the river system. The authors develop the index map of the water and landscape subsystems of the natural carcass of Vladivostok. Their correlation with the transport carcass and industrial zones allowed identifying the problematic territories and renovation reserves of the water system. In conclusion, the authors formulate the key directions in restoration of the natural hydrological cycle in urban territory as the foundation for formation of the sustainable urban environment within the region.