Abstract:  
 
This article provides the basic principles that must be adhered to for establishing the comfortable indoor microclimate and ensuring the longevity of building structures in designing the residential and public buildings in the northern latitudes. The authors analyse the issues associated with the inappropriate account of physical processes within the building envelopes and structures in the severe natural and climatic conditions, such as low temperatures the whole year, long polar night and polar day, reduces air humidity in the central part of the Far North, strong winds and snowstorms. The article describes the consequences of the negative impact of inadmissible parameters of indoor microclimate upon the human health, named the “sick building syndrome”. The work presents the review of the literature on building engineering in the northern latitudes, which demonstrated that the majority of the articles are dedicated to the use of effective construction supplies, as well as peculiarities of engineering of buildings from the standpoint of architecture and structural engineering. The questions of consideration of the physics of environment and building envelopes are covered insufficiently.
 
 

Abstract: In the construction practice, the most common angles in architectural morphogenesis are the right angles of outside building walls, but most recent projects utilize various forms of such outside corners. Within the internal structure of the external building corner the temperature distribution and the nature of the heat transfer differs from the surface of the wall, which makes it more vulnerable in sanitary maintenance and thermal protection. In the current construction norms and rules, for carrying out sanitary maintenance requirements the temperature of the indoor surface of the outside corners of the building should not be lower than the temperature of the condensation point of the indoor air. Violation of these requirements can lead to freezing of the corners, formation of condensate, and eventually mold and mildew. The article examines the special problem of changes to the temperature index on the indoor surface of the corner depending on its size and explores the forms of right angle corners. The author presents the results of experimental reading of temperature of the indoor surface of outside corners with 90 and 135-degree angles. The acquired data allowed comparing these angles from the position of sanitary maintenance.

Abstract: The article provides an overview and analysis of research in the field of energy-efficient translucent walling, which results were published in the Russian literature over the last decade. The authors determine the relevant issues and promising directions of the research in this field. There is a significant amount of publications in the area of heat transfer and energy efficiency of the translucent constructs. This work reviews the articles published not earlier than 2008 and included into the database of the Russian index of scientific citations, as well as list of the journals recommended Higher Attestation Commission. The conducted overview of the literature allowed determining that the most attention is given to the translucent constructs with solar screens, as well as insulated glazing with low-emissivity glass. This direction is the most promising and relevant at the present stage. The analysis of the existing publications demonstrated that the articles do not examine the questions about the longevity of insulated glazing filled with inert gas, as well as there is lack of research in optimization of insulated glazing from the perspective of energy efficiency and economic purposefulness.