Abstract: The subject of this research is the legislation on the territories of traditional natural resource management and array of regulations determining the rights of indigenous peoples to use natural resources, as well as the established law enforcement practice with regards to implementation of the traditional economic activity. The study aims to determine the full extent of realization of positions of the Article 69 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in Russian legislation, as well as conceptual justification of the changes required for creation of the mechanism that guarantees realistic implementation of the constitutional right of the indigenous peoples to preserve their traditional way of life. The historical and comparative-legal methods allow giving general characteristics to the two stages of development of the institution of traditional natural resource management. Based on assessment of the federal and regional legislation, as well as the law enforcement practice (including the responsibility for unlawful natural resource exploitation), the author suggests to revise the ideological doctrine that predetermines the development of national legislation in this area; formulates the changes that should be introduced to the legal and regulatory framework of the rights of indigenous peoples to natural resource management in terms of realization of the traditional economic activity. The results of the research demonstrate that the orientation towards limitation of indigenous peoples economy to the natural exchange essentially contradicts the fact that the members of the indigenous peoples are practically deprived of the preference to natural resource management in their original habitat. It is proven that the need to establish the duty of the government authorities to provide the communities with land suitable for conducting traditional economic activity in order to compensate them for their original land that is now being used by mineral developers, loggers, industrial or other objects.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the legislation on the territories of traditional natural resource management and array of regulations determining the rights of indigenous peoples to use natural resources, as well as the established law enforcement practice with regards to implementation of the traditional economic activity. The study aims to determine the full extent of realization of positions of the Article 69 of the Constitution of the Russian Federation in Russian legislation, as well as conceptual justification of the changes required for creation of the mechanism that guarantees realistic implementation of the constitutional right of the indigenous peoples to preserve their traditional way of life. The historical and comparative-legal methods allow giving general characteristics to the two stages of development of the institution of traditional natural resource management. Based on assessment of the federal and regional legislation, as well as the law enforcement practice (including the responsibility for unlawful natural resource exploitation), the author suggests to revise the ideological doctrine that predetermines the development of national legislation in this area; formulates the changes that should be introduced to the legal and regulatory framework of the rights of indigenous peoples to natural resource management in terms of realization of the traditional economic activity. The results of the research demonstrate that the orientation towards limitation of indigenous peoples economy to the natural exchange essentially contradicts the fact that the members of the indigenous peoples are practically deprived of the preference to natural resource management in their original habitat. It is proven that the need to establish the duty of the government authorities to provide the communities with land suitable for conducting traditional economic activity in order to compensate them for their original land that is now being used by mineral developers, loggers, industrial or other objects.