Abstract: The research subject of the article is the Russian energy policy in the Middle East. The author considers the main lines of cooperation between the Russian Federation and the countries of the region, as well as the main tasks of the country's foreign policy in the field of energy at the current stage. The article also discusses the main difficulties in promoting a dialogue between Russia and the countries of the region. The main countries the author considers in the article are Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Qatar, Iran, Turkey, United Arab Emirates, Jordan and Algeria. The present research was carried out with the help of interdisciplinary approach at the junction of various sciences (History, International Relations, Political Science, Economics), which allowed the author to perform a comprehensive and objective study of the subject and perform the required tasks. The author used methods and principles of historical science, such as historicism, consistency, reliability, and objectivity. Scientific novelty is conditioned with the introduction of new sources (primarily in Arabic) into scientific circulation. In addition, there is also absence of comprehensive researches on the topic in foreign and Russian historiography taking into account the serious changes in the system of international relations as a whole, as well as geopolitical transformation in the region.