Abstract: The subject of this article is the activity of ethnic entrepreneurs in the capital city of the Republic of Kalmykia – Elista. Based on the data analysis of sociological survey, the author examines the process of formation of the ethnic sectors of urban economy. Particular attention is paid to the entrepreneurial activity among the representatives of ethnic groups, who immigrated to Russia. Their citizenship is not taken into account, emphasis is made on the ethnic and cultural values, i.e. not demarcating the concepts of ethnic affiliation and civic identity. For achieving the set goal, the author conducted an expert survey among the individuals engaged in entrepreneurial activity in the city of Elista. The following conclusions are made: 1) entrepreneurs from among the migrants enter the new market, filling the non-demand niches in the economy, forming ethnic sectors that differ from other communities; 2) examination of the problem allows classifying the ethnic entrepreneurship into business conducted by the ethnic minority, and entrepreneurship based on the peculiarities of national cultures.

Abstract: Within the social structure of Russian society of the XIX century was allocated the population group of foreigners, who in accordance with the Brockhaus and Efron Encyclopedic Dictionary, contained the non-Slavic nationals, primarily Mongolian, Turkic, and Finnish were given a special status. The goal of this article is the determination of peculiarities of management system of the  indicated social group. The subject of research is the main segment of foreigner public administration in the Russian Empire that includes the government structure, judiciary, and taxation in the XIX – early XX centuries. Method of comparative jurisprudence and historical-political research allowed examining the normative content of the indicated legal acts, as well as define the specificities of foreigner management system in the XIX – early XX century in the context of the existed socio-historical and political factors in chronological sequence. The main conclusion lies in the fact that the government authorities through integrating the outskirt territories into the national government power structure, aimed to standardize their management, but at the same time, introduce the polyvariant management models, taking into account the local peculiarities. The scientific novelty lies in comprehensive analysis of the imperial normative legal acts that regulate the life of foreigners in Russia.

Abstract: The subject of this research is the process of administrative-territorial modelling by the imperial authorities of the steppe territory of North Caucasus, populated by the nomadic people in the XIX century. The author thoroughly examines such aspects of the topic as the administrative-territorial structure of the Kalmyks, Nogais, and Turkmens, as well as its legislative formalization. Peculiar attention is given to the laid in the foundation of the administrative-territorial modelling ethnical principle, which did not violate the economic purposefulness, but rather rationally and effectively complemented it. With preservation of the admissible legal norms and local customs and traditions, the major goal of the imperial policy, regarding the entered into the composition of Russia ethnic groups, consisted in unification of the system of administration due to the growing strategic and economic importance of the region. The scientific novelty of this research lies in the analysis of the determined sources, based on which the conclusion was made that the administrative-territorial modelling pf the steppe area of North Caucasus depended on the political, economic, and ethnical factors, which justified the multivariant government structure as a whole.

Abstract: The subject of this article is the examination of the economic activity of self-governance in the Kalmyk Steppe. Based on the archive materials, various “budget” sources that contain data on profits and losses of the branches of public administration were subjected to studying. That allowed figuring out complicated issues of economic development. Based on the results of their analysis, it was determined that budgets of uluses were especially poor. The critical analysis of the sources showed that the forms of financial and primary accounting records for the uluses administrations were standard. The author concludes that despite the limited financial resources, the financial relations provided a relative economic autonomy of the branches of local self-governance in the XIX century Kalmyk Steppe, because namely the local finances best match the needs of the specific territory and contribute into the establishment of the conditions of its functioning.

Abstract: The jubilee of the 300-year reign of the House of Romanov was the occasion for charity events all over the Russian Empire, initiated by the emperor Nicholas II. The assembly as an institute of local government in the Kalmyk steppe during the 19th–20th centuries was introduced on the legislative level by the Highest Decree of Nicholas I on the 23th of April 1847. The Ulus and Aimag assemblies discussed ways of perpetuating the jubilee date. The operative part of the resolutions recorded the decisions of these societies, which devoted particular attention to the social sphere. The article’s aim is to review the activity of the institute of local government in the Kalmyk steppe within the context of the commemoration of the 300-year rule of the House of Romanov. On the basis of an analysis of the unpublished sources in the funds of the National Archive of the Kalmyk Republic the author comes to the conclusion that the jubilee date served as a pretext for the initiation of socially-orientated construction projects, such as schools, hospitals, as well as the establishment of stipends for students in various educational institutions. The issue of the local government’s activities in the Kalmyk steppe during the 19th – early 20th century has not been addressed as a separate topic. This is why its analysis in this article allows to clarify the currently existing perceptions regarding the specifics of social policy implementation in the national peripheries of the Russian Empire.