Abstract: The purpose of the article is to reveal the factors influencing the preservation of the native language of national minorities in a multiethnic region. The object of the study is the non-Russian population of Bashkortostan, which, according to the 2020 census, is represented in the ethnic structure of the republic by Mari (84988 people) and Chuvash (79,950 people), Udmurts (17,149 people). Despite the dispersed settlement, the studied peoples live compactly in a number of areas and have their own linguistic area. Based on the analysis of regional ethnosociological experience, the article raises the problem of preserving the native languages of non-Russian ethnic groups of the republic. The results of a study on this issue among respondents of different age groups (18-65 years and older) from among national minorities, as well as the use of native languages (Mari, Chuvash, Udmurt) in family practice are considered.   The empirical basis of the article is based on data from the All-Russian Population Census in 2020 and an ethnosociological survey conducted in the republic in 2020 by the author of the publication among the Mari, Chuvash and Udmurt populations of the republic. It is concluded that the languages of non-Russian peoples are losing their main role in everyday life. In communication in all spheres, preference is given to Russian, which has conquered the ethnolanguage space of Bashkortostan. As a result, the respondents demonstrated, on the one hand, the primacy of the Russian language. On the other hand, they nevertheless expressed hope for the preservation of the national language of the Mari, Chuvash and Udmurt peoples of the republic in conditions of consistent generational connection and experience, through family language communication.
A special contribution to the research of the topic is the identification of factors and trends in the formation of the linguistic competence of the studied peoples in the republic. According to the ethnosociological survey, it was found that Udmurts (93.8%), Mari (97.8%), Chuvash (92.6%) still have high recognition of their nationality as their native language, which, in turn, shows their level of ethnolanguage identity in Bashkortostan. The Chuvash, compared with representatives of other non-Russian ethnic groups, have a high proportion of people who speak Russian (99%). Consequently, the results of the sociological research show a high level of both linguistic competence and speech activity of the above-mentioned non-Russian peoples in the republic.

Abstract: The object of scientific study was the socio-adaptive behavior of the young generation of Bashkortostan. Special attention is paid to the effective adaptation of this social category to the system of market relations, the ability to quickly integrate into it. On the basis of ethnosociological research, the author analyzes in detail the degree of youth's mastery of modern labor skills, such as knowledge of foreign languages, the ability to work on a computer, drive a car, contact people, etc., and also reveals his orientation to entrepreneurial activity.
Methods of quantitative analysis and synthesis, correlation of information obtained from various groups of sources (historical, sociological, etc.) were used in the study. Elements of statistical processing of digital data were used in the compilation of tables. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the appeal to the peculiarities of the manifestation of social adaptation of the youth of the region in a synchronic cross-section. Despite the ambiguity of the perception of their prospects in the future, because a little more than half of young people look to the future with hope and optimism, while a small part, regardless of nationality, with anxiety, uncertainty, to a certain extent, with ever-present fear and despair. At the same time, the data of the ethnosociological study showed that, in general, the social group in question effectively adapts to the system of market relations, skillfully and promptly joins it.

Abstract: The subject of this research is bilingualism in the context of language policy in modern Bashkortostan. Special attention is given to actualization of the ethno-lingual identity of non-Russian population in the republic. Leaning on the ethnosociological studies, the author examine the scale of proliferation of national-Russian bilingualism in Bashkortostan, analyze the key markers in selection of the native language among some ethnic groups, as well as determine the role of Russian language as a language of interethnic communication. The novelty of this work lies in the attempt to determine the intensity of usage of national languages of non-Russian peoples and their interaction with the Russian language based on the wide-scale ethnosociological studies. The acquired results demonstrate that among Bashkir population, the native language still prevails over Russian by the level of language competence; while among urban Tatars, the Russian language has noticeably exceeded the native language of communication. At the same time, the results of ethnosociological research, confirming the results of the All-Russia Population Census of 2010 on the language competence of the residents of Bashkortostan, testify to the fact that their speech activity is oriented mostly towards learning Russian than the language of their ethnicity.

Abstract: This article explores the changes in the status of Bashkir language that took place in post-Soviet period in the Republic of Bashkortostan, and its implementation in schools as mandatory and later as extracurricular, and their impact upon ethnolinguistic behavior of modern youth. The subject of this research is defined by the following aspects: 1) the selected data of ethnosociological survey “Manifestation of ethnicity and adaptation of youth to the new socioeconomic realities in polyethnic region” (October 2017) in accordance with the project No. 16-01-00303 “The specificities of manifestation of ethnic mobilization in the conditions of new socioeconomic and geopolitical realities (regional dimension)”; 2) the data of sociolinguistic research of 2009-2018 obtained by N. G. Iskuzhina in large cities of the Republic of Bashkortostan that covered over two thousands informants; 3) statistical data of the Russian Census of 2010. The object of study became the ethnolinguistic behavior of young generation of the republic. The scientific novelty consists in reference to specificities of manifestation of ethnolinguistic identity of Bashkirs in synchronic segment. The conducted analysis demonstrates the in the Republic of Bashkortostan and its capital in particular, the Russian language has been and continues to be the dominant language of communication.,Russian language also prevails within the social communication environment of Ufa (in a broader sense – Bashkir) youth; although those arrived from periphery or studies in municipal Bashkir schools and gymnasiums use both, Bashkir and Russian languages.  

Abstract: The subject of this research is the language and cultural development of ethnic groups in the polynational region. The object of this research is the Tatars of Bashkortostan. The problems of ethnocultural development of Tatar language population in Bashkortostan in the late 1980’s have become an accelerator in creation of Tatar national cultural clubs and organizations, which raised concerns regarding the studying of Tatar language in schools of the Republic, creation of theatres and philharmonic halls in Tatar language districts, expansion of the mass media in Tatar language. Methodological foundation is the historical-chronological method that allows revealing the indicated processes in diachronic cut, as well as sociological method that views the language and cultural development of Tatar minority in polynational region in synchronic cut. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time with the attraction of normative document on language issues and results of sociological survey, an attempt was made to describe the language and cultural development of Tatar language population in Bashkortostan. A conclusion is made that all of the aforementioned problems to a certain extent were realized by the republican authorities, although some questions remained unnoticed and were not removed from the agenda. Among the paramount, in accordance with an opinion of Tatar intelligentsia, is recognition the Tatar as national language alongside the Bashkir and Russian. The author underlines that insufficient TV and radio coverage in Tatar language, as well as lack of organization of education in the native Tatar language. The listed problems have constantly been raised by the republican authorities.