Abstract: The object of this article is the part of Russian bureaucracy, which performed their service in justice agencies during the second and third part of the XIX century. The subject of this article is the processes that lead to the transformation of this part of bureaucracy into the association of jurists in government service of the empire. Due to this fact, special attention is given to the coverage of the history of introduction of the legal qualification requirements for the officials of the justice agencies in Russian legislation, as well as dynamics of the educational level of the judges, prosecutors, and investigators over the period of 1850’s – 1860’s. The work suggests the definition of the notion “professional association”, as well as formulates the conditions required for the emergence of the association of jurists in government civil service. The author substantiates the conclusion about the presence in pre-reform Russia of the deficit of individuals with the higher education in law. Based on the attraction of an extensive circle of legislative acts and normative material, the author carefully examines the history of establishment of the legal educational qualification requirements in the first half of the 1860’s. The article is first to provide the systemic data on the dynamics of the educational level of judges in pre-reform and reformed agencies of justice, prosecutors, and investigators over the period of 1851-1868. It is demonstrated that the conditions necessary for the establishment of the association of jurists have formed in Russian during the course of judicial reform and reform of the investigative bodies, and the graduates of the Imperial School of Jurisprudence comprised the backbone in origination of this association.

Abstract: This article is dedicated to the characterization of the organization and personnel of the investigative branch of the Yekaterinburg Local Court throughout the period of its existence (1874-1917) in the context of development of investigative body of the Russian Empire of the reformation period. The article addresses the issues of evolution of the organizational structure of the investigative body of this period, differentiation of investigative posts, emergence and development of the system of investigative sectors, establishment of investigative sectors on the territory of Central Ural, as well as number and personal characteristics of the of the investigators of the Yekaterinburg Local Court during 1894-1916. The work presents the generalizing information on the social and ethnic origin, family ties, age, education, professional experience and social status of the investigators of the Yekaterinburg Local Court during 1894-1916. The author concluded that unlike during the Soviet era, there were no structured special divisions that united the investigators (investigative departments) in the branches of reformed Russia. There was also no position of a head of the investigators that was part of the court’s personnel. Similarly, there was no division of administration of the investigative branches (investigative division or department) throughout the period of 1864-1917 even in the central apparatus of the Ministry of Justice.