Abstract: The object of the study is trade relations between Russia and India in the context of modern economic and political conditions, including the impact of the international North-South transport corridor and international sanctions. The subject of the study is a detailed analysis of the dynamics, problems and prospects of these relations, with an emphasis on recent changes in the global political situation and their impact on bilateral trade. The author examines in detail various aspects of trade relations, such as imbalance, diversification and strategic cooperation. Particular attention is paid to the role of the North-South ITC in strengthening economic ties. The study also addresses the issues of parallel imports and the possibility of expanding cooperation in the field of high technologies. The novelty of the study lies in a comprehensive analysis of the existing conditions and prospects for the development of trade between the two countries. This analysis includes exploring opportunities for further strengthening and expanding cooperation, as well as providing valuable insights and strategic recommendations. In conclusion, the study highlights that despite existing obstacles such as infrastructure restrictions and sanctions, there is significant potential for strengthening trade relations between Russia and India, which can contribute to sustainable economic growth and cooperation between the two countries, opening up new horizons for bilateral trade and investment.

Keywords: service sector, strategy, economic cooperation, imbalance, oil, diversification, international sanctions, international trade, ITC, India

Abstract: At the current stage of energy development, it seems that in the coming years, it is hydrocarbon energy that will form the basis of the world energy market. However, there are a number of global changes that inevitably affect the energy industry, among them are: a change in the technological chains of the energy complex, the persistence of the problems of traditional energy, an increase in energy demand, the high impact of emissions from the use of hydrocarbons on the climate, and many others. In this regard, solutions related to low-carbon energy, in particular solar, wind, hydropower and other renewable energy applications, are becoming increasingly important. A special place in this segment is occupied by low-carbon full-cycle energy, which is studied in the article. In particular, in Russia, full-cycle low-carbon energy appears to be a very important part of the development of the energy industry, as it can significantly reduce costs and negative externalities for the environment. In this regard, one of the objectives of the study is to analyze the current situation in the field of low-carbon energy in the Russian Federation, its regulation, as well as development prospects, taking into account the special role of the Russian Federation as one of the key exporters of traditional hydrocarbons.

Keywords: multilateral diplomacy, international relations, energy cycle, energy security, international energy, Russian energy, low-carbon energy, decarbonization, green energy, ecology

Abstract: The object of the study is the health care systems of the OECD countries. The subject of the study is voluntary health insurance in OECD countries. The purpose of the study is to identify trends and parameters for the development of voluntary health insurance in OECD countries. Within the framework of this scientific study, methods of data analysis and synthesis, their grouping and graphical interpretation were used. In the text of the article, the author points to the current trends and development parameters of voluntary health insurance in the OECD countries. Particular attention is paid to identifying countries with a high level of coverage of voluntary health insurance by the population, as well as assessing the socio-economic indicators of OECD countries in terms of levels of development of voluntary health insurance. The main conclusions of the study are related to the impact of the development of the voluntary health insurance system on the growth of life expectancy as one of the key components of the quality of life. A special scientific novelty is the obtained comparative grouping of countries depending on the level of development of voluntary medical insurance. Countries with a high level of voluntary health insurance coverage include Australia (54%), Canada (68%), Ireland (47%), Slovenia (89.8%). The results obtained in the course of the study are a good methodological basis for improving the healthcare system in the Russian Federation in the context of achieving the national development goals of our state until 2030, determined by the President of Russia in July 2020.

Keywords: voluntary health insurance, strategy, social protection, non-state social security, social security, national goals, medicine, health, population, medical care

Abstract: The subject of the study is the experience of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI) in overcoming sanctions. The purpose of the article is to identify specific mechanisms that contribute to technological development in the conditions of sanctions restrictions. The paper examines the most successful projects of Iran in high-tech industries, and also examines the prerequisites for their development. The author analyzed the economic model of Iran and its features. The main mechanisms for circumventing restrictions that minimize the effectiveness of sanctions and their impact on the economy of Iran have been identified. Various ways of interaction with economic partners and ways of building long-term relations with allies are considered. The methodological basis of the research is: comparative analysis, empirical and systematic approaches. Special attention was paid to the study of literature that explores the issues of interest to us. As a result, the main decisions of the Iranian government were highlighted, which allowed this state not only to achieve relative economic stability, but also to create technologies that were in demand in many foreign markets. The novelty of the article lies in a detailed analysis of the existing methods of circumvention of sanctions in Iran, including those that have not yet been studied in the scientific literature. The results of the study can be used by the governments of other states subject to sanctions pressure in order to overcome restrictions and minimize the consequences of their introduction. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is to identify ways to circumvent restrictions, as well as the formation of infrastructure for the creation of production on the own territory of the sub-sanctioned state.

Keywords: State support, Industry, Economic development, Production, Car industry, UAV, Technologies, Sanctions, Iran, Economy

Abstract: The subject of the study is a comparison of funding sources for public health care in OECD countries. The authors consider in detail the sources of financial support for the implementation of state guarantees for the provision of free medical care to citizens: transfers from state internal revenues (primarily general taxes: mandatory payments that do not have a target link) and insurance premiums (mandatory payments with a specific target link). The authors grouped the OECD countries depending on the share of sources of financial support for the implementation of state guarantees for the provision of free medical care to citizens. Particular attention is paid to the advantages and disadvantages of insurance and budgetary financial mechanisms for financial support for the implementation of state guarantees for the provision of free medical care. The main conclusions based on the results of the study are as follows: in the modern world, issues of improving the healthcare system as one of the key factors in improving the quality of life of citizens are being actively raised; no matter how actively the budgetary financial mechanism is currently used in the country, its use by public authorities in OECD countries is constantly increasing; the use of the budgetary financial mechanism, despite the existing shortcomings, has a number of advantages compared to the insurance one (primarily, due to the smaller direct impact during periods of reduction in the number of employees and wages, as well as economies of scale in the administration of revenues in the form of general taxes compared to insurance contributions). The results obtained can be used in the practical activities of the Federal Assembly of the Russian Federation, the Government of Russia, the Federal Compulsory Medical Insurance Fund, as well as public authorities from other countries when modernizing the state policy in the field of healthcare.

Keywords: medical care, free medical care, budget financial mechanism, insurance financial mechanism, health financing models, social sphere, social development, OECD, health financing, health

Abstract: This study is devoted to the search for advanced foreign experience in differentiating the tax burden of individuals and determining the directions for its implementation in Russia. The article consists of three thematic blocks: the first is devoted to assessing the tax burden of individuals in the Russian Federation, the second contains a description of foreign experience in taxing the population, and the third contains directions for improving domestic taxation. Based on the analysis of foreign experience in taxing individuals, methodological tools have been identified to ensure the differentiation of the tax burden (diversification of fiscal units; the use of a progressive scale; new fiscal institutions; tax deductions and tax credits; taxes on inheritance and gift; taxes on wealth and luxury). The tools that can be implemented in domestic practice have been identified: taxation of inheritance and donation; expanded application of elements of family taxation for socially oriented tax deductions; differentiated approach to tax administration of property and income taxes levied on individuals. In addition, methodological approaches to the administration of taxes from the population have been formed, based on the following criteria: calculation of tax liabilities; source of information on tax liabilities; the moment of granting tax benefits (preferences); frequency of payment of taxes; the possibility of hiding the object of taxation. The practical significance of the study lies in the possibility of using its results in the development of tax policy measures.

Keywords: property taxation, diversification of fiscal units, individuals, tax burden, social stratification, PIT, income taxes, inheritance tax, the wealth tax, lump-sum tax