Abstract: The subject of the study is the manifestations and perception of economic inequality of citizens in Russia. Economic inequality is one of the global problems of our time. In Russia, it has been at a consistently high level for 30 years. The task of smoothing the inequality of citizens in Russia has been set at the highest state level. Research interest in this regard is the manifestations and subjective assessment or perception by citizens of the degree of inequality, regardless of its calculated statistical indicators, as well as the ability of the state to smooth inequality and overcome poverty. The purpose of the study is to identify and evaluate the manifestations of economic inequality of citizens in Russia, as well as its perception based on the results of a sociological survey to determine the prospects for smoothing inequality. The scientific novelty consists in identifying the manifestations and assessing the perception of economic inequality by Russian citizens based on the interpretation of the results of a sociological survey, as well as in substantiating the aggravating effect of personal income tax deductions on inequality. With the acute perception of inequality and injustice in the distribution of income in Russia, there is no intensification of protest sentiments and the risks of threats to socio-economic stability are not realized. Manifestations of inequality of citizens are the need to save on food and consumer preferences, tourist activity, the availability of credit obligations, the use of medical and educational services, the demand for personal income tax deductions. The current bias in favor of investment and property deductions for personal income tax to the detriment of social and standard deductions does not allow realizing the potential of their smoothing effect on the inequality of citizens. Property and investment deductions used by more affluent citizens lower the average effective personal income tax rate for them at a level lower than that of poor citizens, which leads to regressive income taxation.

Keywords: Gini index, survey, poor, rich, consumption, tax deduction, personal income tax, monetary inequality, Inequality, smoothing

Abstract: The subject of the study is the process of digital transformation in service companies. The article consistently examines modern trends in the management of digital transformation processes for service companies, including in the field of the economy of shared consumption. Attention is focused on the importance of taking into account the context of each specific business and explains the essence of this approach. The issues of adaptation of service organizations in the modern digital economy and the opportunities and problems that accompany it are considered. The problems of changes in the goals and priorities of the management of service companies and the choice of directions for successful digital transformation are studied in detail.   The main conclusions of the study are the following provisions: The digital economy requires the management of service companies to be able to implement digital transformation projects; for successful management of digital transformation, it is necessary to take into account the full context and strategic goals of the company; the main problems of service and sharing companies on the way to improving the efficiency of business processes are the need to change approaches to management and a shortage of personnel with knowledge and competencies necessary for the implementation of digital transformation. It is also shown that digitalization and automation can be carried out in various ways and affect various aspects of the company's business model. Service companies should strive to be at the forefront of digitalization.

Keywords: digital transformation, sharing companies, sharing, service, management, business, automation, digital economy, the economy of shared consumption, process

Abstract: The analytical design of the "business model" is widely used in strategic management, since it allows a comprehensive assessment of the company's activities. The spread of information and communication technologies and digitalization necessitate reformatting the design of existing business models. The article is devoted to the systematization of business model transformation strategies. The methodological basis of the research is represented by a set of strategic management theories, the main of which are the theory of business models, the conceptual principles of platform economics and ecosystem theory. To achieve the purpose of the study, a set of methods that complement each other was used. The solution of theoretical problems was carried out using general scientific research methods, including system analysis and synthesis, modeling, typologization, content analysis.   Based on the terminological analysis of the concept of "business model", it is established that the theoretical framework of this concept is not fully formed. The design of the study is based on a consistent analysis of the components of the business model: value proposition, business organization, monetization method, interaction with consumers, key resources and interaction with the market. The configuration of these components provides the basis for the formation of one of four types of business models: product-oriented, platform-oriented, project-oriented or solution-oriented. It is revealed that the business model transformation strategy can be based on each of the presented structural elements. Possible types of business model transformation are presented.

Keywords: business model, monetization, strategy, value, customization, consumers, strategy transformation, transformation, key resources, company

Abstract: The article is devoted to the development of the private sector of medical services in our country in order to improve the health of the population, which is the main task of healthcare in general. Private clinics have advantages over public institutions: no queues, courtesy of staff, increased comfort, etc. Despite the progressive development of private medicine, there are certain problems that cannot be solved without an integrated approach to healthcare in general. The object of the study is commercial medical organizations; the subject of the study is the efficiency (profitability) of the activities of commercial medical organizations. The methodological basis of this study is comparative analysis, empirical and systematic approaches. The author pays special attention to the problems of interaction between the public and private segments in the field of medical services provided to the population. As a result of the conducted research, it was concluded that the solution of the identified problems is facilitated by the optimization of interaction between the public and private health sectors, including the optimization of financial flows of mandatory, voluntary health insurance funds and direct payments of patients. The novelty of the study lies in determining the main criterion for the effective optimization of the interaction between the public and private health sectors – the economic accessibility of paid medical services to the population. The approaches indicated in the article will not only increase the opportunities of the population in the field of healthcare, but also improve the quality of medical services in both private and public spheres.

Keywords: healthcare, commercial medical services, private medical organizations, mandatory health insurance, voluntary health insurance, health services market, competition, market pricing, affordability of services, public-private partnership

Abstract: The article is devoted to identifying the positive and negative consequences of the digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies in modern economic conditions. The purpose of the article is to identify the positive and negative consequences of the digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies in order to find ways to overcome the negative consequences. The authors analyzed the main trends in the development of the modern pharmaceutical industry in Russia, identified and systematized the positive and negative consequences of the influence of digitalization processes on it. The research methods include content analysis, statistical data analysis, description, generalization. According to the results of the study, it was revealed that one of the most important positive consequences of the digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies is to increase labor productivity, accelerate operations for the development of medicines and their promotion in the pharmaceutical market, as well as optimize and reduce the costs of pharmaceutical companies for the promotion of medicines in modern conditions. Among the negative consequences of the digital transformation of pharmaceutical companies in modern economic conditions, cybercrime and unemployment as a result of the automation of business processes of pharmaceutical companies, as well as the need to retrain employees as a result of the disappearance of some professions, were highlighted. In order to overcome the identified negative consequences of digital transformation on the pharmaceutical industry in Russia, it is necessary to address issues of strengthening cybersecurity, as well as the issue of retraining of employees and the redistribution of the labor market.

Keywords: digital environment, technological solutions, cybersecurity, digital economy, Pharma, pharmaceutical industry, pharmaceutical companies, digital transformation, digitalization, labor productivity

Abstract: The subject of the study is the search for the relationship between the provision of additional information by the client and the success of the transaction. The more information the client is willing to provide, the higher his interest in purchasing a product or service and the less likely it is to refuse after a preliminary agreement. Special attention is paid to the most common reasons for refusals, such as the inability to get through to the client, refusal dictated by close people, cases when the client changed his mind without explicitly stating the reason. Based on the methods of mathematical statistics, confirmations of the hypotheses put forward about the absence of a significant influence of the fact of providing additional contact information by the client on the outcome of transactions in general were obtained, but its significant influence in certain classes of refusals was confirmed. The importance of studying the model of making a purchase decision among the client's inner circle is substantiated. The novelty of the research lies in the detailed analysis of particular cases of failure and the mathematical justification of the hypotheses put forward. The main conclusion based on the results of the study is that additional information from the client is an intangible pledge that reinforces the desire to purchase a product or service. Additional information about another person indicates an evasion of responsibility or a hidden refusal. The results confirm the words said by psychologist Boris Mikhailovich Teplov that despite his individuality, a person is under the influence of society and acts in certain social conditions. It is necessary to analyze the client's refusal without interrupting the models of his interaction with other persons influencing the purchase decision.

Keywords: behavioral models, direct marketing, telemarketing, bounce analysis, sales psychology, negotiations, social psychology, sales research, bounce classes, value equation