Ðóñ Eng Cn Translate this page:  
Nota Bene. Books, journals, publishing technologies.
«Litera»
back to journals »
ARTICLES of rubric«Linguistics»
Contents details
Reference:
Hu Z.. Features of the implementation of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 4. – P. 145-158.
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising. The slogan as an element of the advertising text plays a significant role in influencing the consciousness and behavior of the addressee. Slogans implement various speech strategies and tactics to ensure the success of advertising communication. The difficulty of studying this phenomenon lies in a short formulation with great strategic potential and its uncertain relationship with the main text of television advertising. The relevance of this study is related to the importance of the slogan in the advertising text and the prospects for studying speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising. The article aims to identify the features of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television food advertising.  The method of linguistic and pragmatic analysis was used in the work, which makes it possible to identify speech strategies and tactics in the slogan of television advertising of food products and describe the linguistic features of their implementation. The novelty of the research lies in a comprehensive examination of speech strategies and tactics in the slogan, taking into account the main advertising text. As a result of the analysis, corporate slogan, product slogan and festive slogan were highlighted in television advertising. The slogans of television food advertising highlight presentation strategy, convincing strategy, persuading strategy and reminiscent strategy, as well as tactics and techniques within the framework of relevant strategies. The linguistic means of verbalization of techniques used within the framework of appropriate speech strategies and tactics in television advertising of food are described. The correlation of their implementation with the main advertising text has been established. The slogan of a TV advertisement usually implements several strategies and tactics at the same time. The implementation of the convincing strategy in a product slogan is relevant to the main advertising text. The implementation of other strategies in the slogan is not related to the main advertising text.
Keywords: persuading strategy, convincing strategy, presentation strategy, slogan, language tools, techniques, television advertising, speech tactics, speech strategies, reminiscent strategy
References:
Raizberg, B. A., Lozovsky, L. Sh., Starodubtseva, E. B. (1997). Modern Economic Dictionary. Moscow: INFRA-M. 496 p.
Kuznetsov, S. A., Kuznetsov,A. (Ed.). (2003) . Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. St. Petersburg: Norint. 959p.
Zirka, V. V. (2014). Manipulative games in advertising: linguistic aspect. Moscow:Book House "Librocom". 260 p.
Golman, I. A., Dobrobadenko, N. S. (1991). Practice of advertising: Ten lessons for the modern businessman. Novosibirsk. 142 p.
Smirnova, Y. V. (2011). Advertising on television: development and production technology: textbook. Moscow: Omega L Publishing House. 256 p.
Popova, E. Ñ. (2002). Structure of manipulative influence in the advertising text. Izvestia Ural State University, 24. 276-288.
Medvedeva, E. V. (2003). Advertising communication. Moscow: Unitorial Urss. 278 p.
Romat, E. V. (2008). Advertising: Textbook for universities. St.
Reference:
Han H., Dugalich N.M.. Self-mention in Chinese linguistic MA novices’ and experts’ academic writing: A corpus-driven investigation of ‘we’ // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 4. – P. 182-194.
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The research aims to conduct a comparative analysis of self-mention, particularly the usage of self-mention ‘we’, as a means of academic persuasion between Chinese linguistic MA novices and linguistic experts. Self-mentions serve various rhetorical functions in academic persuasion. However, for second language writers, mastering these rhetorical functions represents an advanced writing skill, which is contingent upon a proficient command of the structural aspects of self-mention phrases. In light of this issue, this study undertakes a collocation and chunk analysis. The objective is to analyze the collocation characteristics and chunk features of self-mention ‘we’ in international journal articles (ILJA_C) and Chinese MA theses (CLMA_C). This objective informs the choice of the research subject – identifying similarities and differences in the utilization of self-mention ‘we’ in two databases: ILJA_C and CLMA_C. This study’s methodology utilizes a corpus-driven approach alongside comparative academic discourse analysis within academic writing. The novelty of this research lies in its investigation of the collocation characteristics and chunk features of self-mention ‘we’ in CLMA_C and ILJA_C. This study represents a substantial contribution to the fields of second language acquisition and comparative linguistics by enhancing our understanding of self-mention in academic persuasion. Findings reveal significant disparities in the usage of ‘we’ between Chinese MA novices and linguistic experts. Novices tend to focus on constructing discourse logic, whereas experts prioritize establishing academic positions. Analysis of chunk structures exposes varying approaches to discourse and interpersonal functions, underscoring the necessity for novices to emulate expert usage patterns.
Keywords: discourse analysis, academic text, comparative analysis, master thesis, academic writing, English as a foreign language, collocation characteristics, personal pronouns, self-mention, Chinese master students
References:
Zueva, V. V. (2017). Prosodic Peculiarities of Scientific Texts. Philology. Theory & Practice, 10–2 (76), 80—83.
Shchemeleva, I. Yu. (2013). The Role if Pronouns in Defining Authorial Stance in English and Russian Academic Texts. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Language and Literature, 4, 143–153.
Bennett, K. (2009). English academic style manuals: A survey. Journal of English for Academic Purposes, 8(1), 43—54.
Biber, D., Johansson, S., Leech, G. N., Conrad, S., & Finegan, E. (2021). Grammar of Spoken and Written English. Netherlands: John Benjamins Publishing Company.
Brezina, V., Weill-Tessier, V., & McEnery, A. (2020). Lancsbox (6.0) [Software]. URL: http://corpora.lancs.ac.uk/lancsbox/ (accessed: 5.12.2023).
Fløttum, K. (2007). Language and Discipline Perspectives on Academic Discourse. Newcastle-upon-Tyne: Cambridge Scholars.
Hyland, K. (2001). Humble servants of the discipline? Self-ment
Reference:
Arkhipova I.V.. Taxis trough the prism of the categorial interaction (based on the modern German) // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 3. – P. 180-182. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.39963.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.39963
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The focus of this article is the speech actualization of taxis categorial meanings of simultaneity and non-simultaneity in German statements with temporal-taxis prepositions.
The purpose of the study is to determine the process of taxis actualization as a result of intercategorial connections and interactions of semantic categories representing the idea of time in modern German.
The subject of this study is the issue of taxis actualization in the German language, considered in the context of the implementation of intercategorial relations of taxis, temporality and aspectuality.
The material of this study is German utterances with actional deverbatives die Trennung, die Scheidung and temporal-taxis prepositions bei, mit, seit, bis, nach, vor, obtained by directed sampling from the electronic database of the Leipzig Corpus (LC).
In the course of the study, it was determined that the intercategorial interaction of taxis with the semantic categories of aspectuality and temporality determines the actualization of various primary taxis categorial situations of simultaneity, precedence and succession. These are temporal-taxis, durative-taxis, iterative-taxis, phase-taxis, and other categorical values. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the segment of the zone of intersection of the categories of taxis, temporality and aspectuality is constituted by temporal-taxis prepositions, temporal adverbials and aspectual quantifiers. The latter include durative, iterative and phase adverbials and attributes. They function as indicators of conjugated primary taxis categorial situations.
Keywords: intercategorial connections, intercategorial interaction, actualization of taxis, taxis values, primary taxis, aspectuality, primary taxis categorial situation, temporality, taxis, syncretic primary taxis situation
References:
Arkhipova, I.V. (2020). Taxis and temporality in the structure of a polycategorical complex. Modern Science: Actual Problems of Theory and Practice. Series: Humanities, 6, 130–135.
Arkhipova, I. V. (2020). The category of taxis in languages with different structures. Monograph. Novosibirsk.
Bondarko, A.V. (2011). Categorization in the grammar system. Moscow: Languages of Slavic cultures.
Bondarko, A.V. (2017). Verbal categories in the system of functional grammar. 2nd ed. Moscow: Languages of Slavic Culture.
Bondarko, A.V. (2017). General characteristics of the semantics and structure of the taxis field. Theory of functional grammar: Introduction, aspectuality, temporal localization, taxis. Ed. 7th. Pp. 234–242. Moscow: LENAND. 
Kudinova, N.L. (2014). Interaction of categories of taxis and temporality. Philological sciences. Questions of theory and practice, 12–2(42), 95–98.
Kudinova, N.L
Reference:
Shubina A.O.. The application of the attractor model to cognitive poetics, journalism, and foreign language learning. // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 3. – P. 65-81.
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article examines the issue of applying of the complex dynamic systems theory elements in the field of teaching foreign languages, analyzing the use of the Internet, cognitive poetics, and journalism. In all these areas, the attractor model is mainly used. An attractor is a potential state of a system to which it is evolving. The semantics of the term is clearly dominated by the meaning of attraction. The article presents the justification of the methodological aspect in the application of the attractor model in various fields of science. An overview of domestic and foreign works in these fields is given, and various types of attractors are considered. Special attention is paid to cognitive poetics, a relatively new field of cognitive linguistics that systematically explores the relationship between the literary texts structure and their perception and conceptualization. In cognitive poetics, attractors influence the level of discourse by creating attention-attracting text objects. New types of textual attractors are proposed – neologisms (nonword), as well as elements of non-trivial lexical phrase that are not collocations. A lexical unit is a textual attractor if it attracts the reader's attention. The proof that a nonword attracts attention is that it introduces dissonance into the text, or that the lexical solution takes longer time. The proof that a nontrivial phrase can be considered a textual attractor is an increase in the reaction time to this phrase. The main contribution of the author to the study of the topic can be called the presentation of two types of new textual attractors, namely nonword and non-trivial phrase. The study of the structure and methods of producing individual author's occasional nonwords and non-trivial phrases that act as attractors in a V. Pelevin’s dystopian novel is carried out.
Keywords: resonance, dissonance, cognitive poetics, lexical decision, complex dynamical systems, nonword, priming, mental lexicon, collocation, attractor
References:
Boldyreva, E.T. (2007). Creative attractor as a structural component of the text. Abstract of the dissertation for the degree of candidate of philological sciences. Chelyabinsk.
German, I. A, & Pishchalnikova, V. A. (1999). Introduction to linguistic synergetics. Barnaul: Altai University Publishing House.
Jaber, M.H. (2017). Application of the dynamic systems theory in the study of transformation of the semantic content of verbalized concepts. Vestn. Moscow G. un-ta. Ser. 19. Linguistics and intercultural communication, 62-69.
Zakirova, O.V. (2017). Individual author's religious names in V. Pelevin's novel “S.N.U.F.F.  Philology. Theory & Practice, 5(71), 71-75.
Kovalenko, G.F. (2018). Cognitive attractor of the text space of stylistic convergence. Russian linguistic bulletin, 1(13), 18-20.
Komarova, Yu. V. (2008). Identification of an unfamiliar word as a synergetic process.
Reference:
Shcherbakova M.V., Komlev N.P.. Media linguistic features of the tabletop role-playing game text // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 3. – P. 183-189. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.70142.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.3.70142
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is the media linguistic features of the text of a tabletop role-playing game (TRPG). The purpose of the work is to identify the essential features of the media text and answer the question: can media accompaniment of a tabletop role–playing game be considered a media text? Despite the sufficient elaboration of the topic of media communications on the Internet, the research material is a little-studied phenomenon.
The research material is transcripts of sessions of the board RPG "Dungeons & Dragons" from fragments of the TV show "Critical Role" on streaming platforms. The study examined the emergence and development of the media text concept, noting a significant expansion of this term semantics in the context of media globalization. Further, the typological properties of the media text as an object of linguistic media research were systematized and the text of the TRPG was analyzed for compliance with existing criteria. The article used descriptive and comparative methods; a statistical method to assess the popularity of the TRPG. When working with the transcript of the game, Python programming methods were implemented: to increase clarity and create a correct text transcription. As a result, conclusions were drawn about the presence of such media linguistic features in the media accompaniment of TRPG as collective authorship, hypertextuality, interactivity and etc., which constituted the scientific novelty of the study. Comparative analysis by criteria allowed us to trace qualitative changes in the typology of media texts. In addition, the expediency of expanding the terminological apparatus of media linguistics was emphasized, which correlates with the study of transmedia narration. The results of the observations can be applied to improve the text-generation that accompanies the gameplay, and can also be used to conduct similar studies based on the speech material of TRPGs.
Keywords: streaming, Dungeons and Dragons, format, genre, transmedia, hypertextuality, author's category, tabletop role-playing game, media linguistics, media text
References:
Antonova, L.G. (2012). Media texts in modern mass communication. Media text as a polyintentional system: collection of articles, 74-80.
Artamonova, Yu.D., & Kuznetsov, V.G. (2008). Hermeneutic aspect of the language of mass media. The language of mass media, 99-117.
Bernstein, S.I. (1977). The language of Radio. Moscow: USSR Academy of Sciences, Nauka.
Bozadzhiev, V.L. (2020). Electronic addictions, their types and psychological characteristics. Theoretical and applied problems of the science of man and society: social, legal, economic aspects (pp. 127-149). Petrozavodsk: Publishing House of the International Center for Scientific Partnership "New Science".
Bolycheva, M.D. (2018). Streaming broadcasting as a phenomenon of the modern media environment. Communicologiya, 6(4), 159-169.
Vasilyeva, E.N. (2022). Interactivity of online media: Functional tasks and forms. South Ural State University series Social and Hum
Reference:
Dugalich N.M., Han H.. Maximizers hyping in Chinese MA learners’ and experts’ academic discourse: An EUM-based study // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 3. – P. 82-93.
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The research is to examine the utilization of maximizers as a strategic tool to attain academic rhetorical hype within the realm of Chinese MA theses (CLMA_C) and international journal articles (ILJA_C). Maximizers, which convey heightened intensity and personal commitment, play a crucial role in shaping rhetorical strategies in academic discourse. The study employs the EUM model (Sinclair’s theory of extended units of meaning). By adopting this model, the research makes a significant contribution to elucidating the intricate linguistic choices within scholarly communication.
The goal is to analyze the collocation features of the maximizers in CLMA_C and ILJA_C. The goal determines the choice of the subject of research – identifying similarities and differences in the use of maximizers in two databases (international journal articles (ILJA_C) and Chinese MA theses (CLMA_C).
The novelty of the research is that the study employs the EUM model to analyze maximizers in CLMA_C and ILJA_C, allowing for a comprehensive examination of both collocational form and contextual meaning. The analysis includes an exploration of lexical patterns, colligation, semantic preference, and semantic prosody, offering a multifaceted understanding of how maximizers contribute to rhetorical strategies.
This research uniquely explores maximizers in collocational form and meaning using the EUM model, offering nuanced insights into their role in rhetorical hype and revealing cross-cultural variations through the similarities and significant differences in CLMA_C and ILJA_C. The study contributes significantly to second language acquisition and comparative linguistics, advancing knowledge on maximizers in academic communication.
Findings show lexical pattern similarities but significant differences in colligation, semantic preference, and semantic prosody. In CLMA_C, “fully” lacks diverse collocates, with varied colligation patterns influenced by L1 transfer. Regarding semantic prosody, experts adopt a commendatory tone, while Chinese MA learners express an affirmative tone.
Keywords: Rhetorical hype, Research article, Master thesis, Lexis, English as a foreign language, extended units of meaning, Maximizer, Academic discourse, English, Corpus Study
References:
Ochodo, E. A., de Haan, M. C., Reitsma, J. B., Hooft, L., Bossuyt, P. M., & Leeflang, M. M. (2013). Overinterpretation and misreporting of diagnostic accuracy studies: evidence of “spin”. Radiology, 267(2), 581–588.
Macleod, M. R., Michie, S., Roberts, I., Dirnagl, U., Chalmers, I., Ioannidis, J. P., ... & Glasziou, P. (2014). Biomedical research: increasing value, reducing waste. The Lancet, 383(9912), 101–104.
Liu, G.B., Fanyu, W. & Binghan, Z. (2021). The Local Grammar Patterns of Evaluation in Chinese and Western Scholars' Research Articles. Foreign Languages and Their Teaching, 1(2), 62.
Gilbert, G. & Mulkay, M. (1984). Opening Pandora’s Box: A Sociological Analysis of Scientists’ Discourse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Millar, N., Salager-Meyer, F. & Budgell, B. (2019). “It is important to reinforce the importance of ...”: “Hype” in reports of
Reference:
Polonskaya O.Y.. «Coronavirus Pandemic» Conceptual Framework: Analysis of Verbal Representation in the English-Speaking Media // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 2. – P. 245-252. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.2.39823.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.2.39823
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the "coronavirus pandemic" conceptual framework. The new conditions of existence could not but be reflected in the language — through the appearance of new words and phrases, as well as through the actualization of previously existing lexical units as a result of their transition from special spheres of functioning to general use, which in turn are united by one conceptual framework îf "coronavirus pandemic".
The relevance of this work is determined by the constant development of the English language, the emergence of new lexical units that directly affect the expansion of vocabulary.
This paper presents a selection of lexical units that verbalize the conceptual framework of the "coronavirus pandemic" in the English linguistic consciousness.
The object of the study is the conceptual framework "coronavirus pandemic".
The subject of the study is the lexical means of representing the concepts that make up the "coronavirus pandemic" conceptual framework.
The purpose of this work is to study the linguistic ways of representing the conceptual framework of the "coronavirus pandemic" and to identify its structure.
The empiric material is lexical units obtained by continuous sampling from English-language websites and online magazines for 2020-2022.
The scientific novelty of the study lies in an attempt to study and model the conceptual framework of the "coronavirus pandemic" and consider the means of its representation.
In this study, the following methods were used: continuous sampling method, analysis, synthesis, cognitive modeling method, contextual method, word-formation analysis, as well as quantitative analysis.
Keywords: discource, conceptual framework, representatives, coronavirus, pandemic, periphery, core, concept, linguistic sign, COVID-19
References:
Vorkachev, S.G. (2001). Linguoculturology, linguistic personality, concept: the formation of anthropocentric paradigm in linguistics. Philological sciences, 1, 64-68.
Vorkachev, S.G. (2004). Happiness as a linguocultural concept. Moscow.
Karasik, V.I. (1991). Language of social status. Moscow.
Karasik, V.I. (2002). Linguistic Circle: personality, concepts, discourse. Volgograd.
Kubryakova, E. S., Demyankov, V. Z., Pankrats, Y. G., & Lizina, L. G. (1996). A Brief Dictionary of Cognitive Terms. Moscow.
Likhachev, D.S. (1997). The concept sphere of the Russian language. Russian literature. From the theory of literature to the structure of the text: An Anthology, 280-287. Moscow: Academia.
Maslova, V.A. (2001). Linguoculturology. Ìoscow: Academy.
Slyshkin, G. G. (2000). From text to symbol: linguistic and cultural concepts of precedent texts in consciousness and discourse. Moscow: Academy.
Stepanov, Y.S. (2004).
Reference:
Kirichenko N.R.. Some Peculiarities of the Representation of the Manipulative Potential of the Discourse Personality of a Teenager in the American Communicative Space // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 2. – P. 253-260. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.2.39992.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.2.39992
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of adolescent discourse in the linguopersonological aspect. The subject of the study is the linguistic and communicative-pragmatic characteristics of the discourse personality of a teenager. The object of the study is a set of linguistic means of implementing manipulative strategies and tactics by a teenager. A discourse personality is considered as a participant of certain communicative events, the communication scheme of which determines the choice of linguistic means – lexical, grammatical, stylistic. In the research quantitative, descriptive-comparative, contextual and situational-interpretative research methods were used. The article examines the role of the intention realized by a teenager in two discursive dyads while communicating with peers and with adults. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time a study of communicative strategies and tactics of manipulative influence of adolescents in interaction with the environment is conducted on the material of television series. A discourse personality in television series is a reflection of a real teenager. As a result, it was found out that the behavior of a manipulative teenager is determined by gender parameters, as well as anchoring to the zone of discursive space. Dominant communicative strategies and tactics of a discourse personality of a teenager are the following: tactics of blackmail, verbal insinuation, threats. It seems promising to study typical discourse personalities in other types of communication, as well as a more detailed description of the gender aspect from the standpoint of gender linguistics.
Keywords: communicative space, communicative strategies, discursive space, discourse practice, communication, communicative tactics, adolescent discourse, discourse personality, anthropocentric linguistics, speech manipulation
References:
Akayeva, E. V. (2011). The linguistic personality of a doctor as a presenter of popular scientific medical programs [Electronic resource]. Bulletin of ChelSU, 24. Retrieved from  https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/yazykovaya-lichnost-vracha-veduschego-nauchno-populyarnoy-meditsinskoy-programmy
Bolotnov, A.V. (2016). Idiostyle of information-media linguistic personality: communicative and cognitive aspects of research [Text]: dis. ...Doctor of Phil. sciences: 10.02.01. Tomsk State Pedagogical University. Tomsk.
Volkova, E. V. (2018). Analysis of the linguistic personality of the radio host of "Echo of Moscow" Ksenia Larina [Electronic resource]. Bulletin of Tomsk State University, 434. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/analiz-yazykovoy-lichnosti-radioveduschey-eha-moskvy-ksenii-larinoy
Koveshnikova, M. N. (2014). Speech manipulation and techniques of speech manipulation. Tsarskoye Selo readings, XVIII. Retrieved from h
Reference:
Chernykh A.S.. The influence of Chinese idioms on the grammar of the modern Malay language // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 2. – P. 95-103.
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: Malaysia is a multiethnic country in Southeast Asia with a population of 33.4 million people, where Chinese make up 22.6%. This article focuses on the grammatical structures that have emerged in the Malay language (ML) as a result of Malay-Chinese language contact. The object of this study is colloquial ML. Previous research has noted that due to the influence of Chinese idioms in "low" spoken varieties of ML, new structures have emerged that break traditional Malay grammar rules. The impact of colloquial and slang forms on modern ML leads to a simplification of its grammatical constructions. It is observed that Chinese idioms primarily influence spoken ML, while in the standard or literary variant, their influence is limited to the lexical sphere. This study examines the usage of such structures in the standard and coloquial variants of modern ML. An analytical approach was applied to analyze data from prescriptive (grammars, dictionaries, textbooks) and descriptive (corpora) sources, as well as conducting experiments with ML speakers.
The results of the study indicate that the previously described changes in "low" ML variants have exceeded their boundaries and are actively used in modern colloquial language both orally and in written form. The findings contribute to the analysis of the degree of simplification of grammatical structures in ML due to language contact with other idioms, helping to determine the direction of ML development in terms of the synthesis-analytic spectrum: moving away from the typical Austronesian language structure characterized by rich verbal morphology. The results of the article can be used for developing educational materials and teaching methods for Malay, as well as be useful in studying interference phenomena and language evolution processes.
Keywords: standard language, grammatical structures, colloquial language, language evolution, Chinese idioms, Malay language, interference, language contact, analyticism, synthetism
References:
Department of Statistics Malaysia. Retrieved from https://www.dosm.gov.my
Dorofeeva, T. V. (1990). Malay-Creole languages of Malaysia. Moscow University Journal, 1(13), 54-61.
Dorofeeva, T. V. (1980). Functioning and development of the Malaysian language. PhD thesis.
Alieva, N. F. (2008). Structural evolution of the Malay language. Correlation of synthetic and analytical means in different texts. Indonesians and their neighbors. Maclay collection, 1, 48-58.
Koh, A. S. (1990). Topics in colloquial Malay. PhD thesis, Department of Linguistics & Language Studies: University of Melbourne.
Tadmor, U. (2007). Grammatical borrowing in Indonesian. Grammatical borrowing in cross-linguistic perspective, 301-328.
Dorofeeva, T. V. (1989). Is Bazaar Malay a pidgin? Moscow University Journal, 4(13), 51-59.
Alieva, N. F. (1998). Typological aspects of Indonesian grammar. Analyticism and synthetism. Possessiveness. Moscow: New Millennium Founda
Reference:
Jia J.. Spatial Concepts within Syntactic Structures: The Topology-Imagery Hypothesis // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 2. – P. 104-118.
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The aim of this study is the creation and implementation of a groundbreaking syntactic structure typology, anchored in fundamental cognitive processes. This involves an in-depth classification and analysis of a variety of sentence types, integrating imagistic and spatial categories. This methodology promotes an in-depth comparative analysis, facilitating the discovery of distinctive syntactic features among the languages examined. The research is dedicated to a thorough exploration of sentence structure's topological aspects, scrutinizing the configuration and interplay of linguistic elements. It places particular emphasis on sentences within three diverse linguistic frameworks: Russian, Chinese, and English, thus enabling a comprehensive analysis and the identification of both cross-linguistic similarities and distinctions. This research adopts a multifaceted approach, combining theoretical analysis with comparative study. Such integration of methodologies allows for a nuanced comparison of sentence structures and their semantic roles in Russian, Chinese, and English, highlighting linguistic and cultural differences between these languages. The novelty of this study lies in the cognitive approach to sentence structure analysis and the development of a classification based on three cognitive models: (i) a single main container, (ii) dual main containers without a defined trajectory, and (iii) multiple main containers with distinct trajectories. A key principle of this classification is the integration of topological and imagery elements, underscoring the diversity of syntactic structures against a backdrop of a unified cognitive base, shaped by cultural and linguistic specifics. The findings reveal that sentences in Russian, English, and Chinese exhibit both shared and unique syntactic characteristics, reflecting cultural-cognitive differences, including the Chinese cultural concept of harmonizing opposites, the Russian cultural notion of segmenting the whole into parts, and the English cultural stance situated between these extremes.
Keywords: cognitive grammar, English, Russian, Chinese, culture, topology, imagery, syntactic structure, container, trajectory
References:
Blomberg, J. (2014). Motion in language and experience: Actual and non-actual motion in Swedish, French and Thai. Retrieved from https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:60732474
Blomberg, J. (2017). Non-actual motion in language and experience. Motion and space across languages, 205-227. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1075/hcp.59.09bol
Croft, W. (1994), Semantic universals in classifier systems. Word, 45(2): 145-171. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/00437956.1994.11435922
Croft, W. (2001). Radical construction grammar: Syntactic theory in typological perspective. Oxford University Press.
Croft, W. (2005). Logical and typological arguments for Radical Construction Grammar. Construction grammars: cognitive grounding and theoretical extension. Amsterdam: Benjamins. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1075/cal.3.11cro
Fairclough, N, Jessop, B, & Sayer, A. (2002). Critical realism and semiosis. Alethia, 5(1): 2-10. Retrieved from&nbs
Reference:
Osadchaia O.N.. The Specifics of Color Designation in Legal Discourse (Based on the Material of English and Russian Phraseological Units) // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 1. – P. 237-247. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.1.39805.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.1.39805
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to clarify the specifics of the phraseological representation of legal concepts that have colour elements in their composition in the English and Russian legal discourse. The subject of the study is phraseological units with colour designation in English and Russian, used in legal texts. By studying the phraseological fund of the language, the general and specific features of the worldview of representatives of the compared linguistic cultures are clarified. The application of the means of colour designation in the phraseological component of the legal discourse contributes to the establishment of the peculiarities of the national-cultural mentality. The following methods were used in the course of the study: classification method, semantic method, modeling, quantitative method of processing the results obtained. The scientific novelty of the work consists in the study of legal phraseological units with a colour component that have not previously been considered when comparing English and Russian. As a result of the work carried out, we received information for the first time that the system of colour designation in the transmission of English legal concepts by metaphorical or metonymic transfer is much more developed than similar phraseological units in the Russian language. This phenomenon is explained by the development and stability of the common law system based on the principle of historicism and continuity, as well as the possibility of fixing the figurative perception of legal concepts in formal legal discourse. A significant part of the examples selected for the study demonstrates psycholinguistic patterns in their formation and functioning in language, and more specifically, in legal texts.
Keywords: linguistic culture, phraseological unit, comparison, legal discourse, colour element, phraseological picture of the world, language picture of the world, the English language, the Russian language, phraseological dictionary
References:
Alefirenko, N.F. (2009). Fraseologiya i paremiologiya [Phraseology and Paremiology]: A Textbook for the Bachelor's Level of Philological Education. Moscow: Flint: Nauka.
Arutyunova, N. D. (1998). Yazyk i mir cheloveka [Language and the human world]/ N. D. Arutyunova. Moscow: Progress.
Biryukova E. V. (2015). O tendentsiyah razvitiya sovremennogo sravnitelnolo-istoricheskogo, tipologicheskolo, sopostavitelnolo yazykoznania [About tendencies of development of modern comparative-historical, typological, comparative linguistics]. Philological sciences. Issues of theory and practice, 11(3), 40–43. Tambov: Gramota.
Vezhbitskaya, A. (2001). Ponimatiye kultur cherez posredstvo klucheviy slov [Understanding of cultures through the intermediary of key words]. A. Vezhbitskaya; per. s eng. A. D. Shmelyova. Moscow: Languages of Slavic culture.
Verenich, T.M. (2012). Cherty natsyonalnogo kharaktera vo frazeologicheskoy kartine mira (na materiale
Reference:
Poddubnaya N.V., Chudnova O.A., Mikhienko S.A.. A professional blog as a special structural hypertext unit in the space of Internet communications // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 1. – P. 248-260. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.1.69247.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.1.69247
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to identify the hypertext features of a professional blog in the space of the Internet environment. The professional type of blog is a separate unit of the Internet environment and is characterized by a hypertext structure within the framework of Internet communication. The article analyzes the main structural and content characteristics of a professional blog from the point of view of the hypertext organization of the Internet environment. The study is based on the material of the English language. The theoretical significance is determined by the fact that the data obtained make it possible to deepen knowledge about such important aspects of modern linguistics as the linguistic nature of electronic hypertext, its structural and substantive aspects. In addition, the study of hypertext features of professional English-language blogs contributes to the development of the theory of speech genres in the context of Internet communication.
The practical significance of the research is reflected in the fact that its results can be used in the process of teaching general language theory, the basics of computational linguistics, sociolinguistics, pragmalinguistics, as well as in the development of elective courses on Internet communication. Using the methods of continuous sampling and description, the study analyzed the text units of 3 professional blogs of large foreign companies conducted in English.
As a result, it was revealed that the professional type of blog is a hypertext unit of the Internet environment, representing a frame model with periodically updated author's posts, hypertext links, and comments. Despite the large number of works devoted to the study of hypertext, its organization and genre affiliation, there is currently no single and generally recognized typology of hypertext in the context of the professional variety of blogs, its creation is one of the priorities of modern researchers due to the rapid development of blog technologies. The scientific novelty lies in the approach that was taken to study the structural and content features of hypertext in the context of other types of blogs. In this regard, the basic principles of this approach are analyzed, the defining features of a blog are identified, taking into account its professional variety. Special attention was paid to the structure of electronic hypertext: the functional differentiation of hypertext links and ways of organizing links between hypertexts were considered.
Keywords: hypertext structure, frame structure, comments, Internet environment, hypertext link, hypertext unit, structural and content features, professional type of blog, blog, hypertext
References:
Galichkina, E.N. (2001). Specifics of computer discourse in English and Russian (based on the genre of computer conferences): diss. ... cand. philol. n. Volgograd.
Germasheva, T. M. (2011). Linguistic personality of the subject of blog discourse: diss. ... cand. philol. n. Rostov-on-Don.
Ivanov, L.Yu. (2000). Language of the Internet: notes from a linguist. Dictionary and culture of Russian speech (pp. 35-45). Moscow: Azbukovnik.
Karasik, V.I. (2004). Language circle: personality, concepts, discourse. Moscow: Gnosis.
Karasik, V.I. (2007). Language keys. Volgograd: Paradigma.
Karaulov, Yu.N. (2010). Russian language and linguistic personality. Ed. 7th. Moscow: LKI Publishing House.
Lutovinova, O.V. (2009). Linguistic and cultural characteristics of virtual discourse. Volgograd: Publishing House of the Voronezh State Pedagogical University “Peremena”.
Moroslin, P.V. (2010). Linguistic and cultural foundations of the theory of Runet func
Reference:
Kaverina V.. The system of criteria for the choice of spelling in diachronic descriptive spelling // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 1. – P. 261-268. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.1.69588.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2024.1.69588
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article presents the methodology of research in the field of descriptive diachronic spelling. The aim of the work is to develop a system of criteria for choosing spelling variants at different stages of the formation of the studied orthogram. The need for such a system is justified both by the description of the diachronic analysis process and by a specific example of such an analysis. Special attention is paid to the disclosure of such important concepts for the theory of writing as "usage", "norm", "codification" and the relationship between these concepts. Special attention is paid to the question of the legality of the use of the term "customary norm", for which the arguments confirming the incorrectness of this term are considered in detail. In addition, the problems of correlation between the principles of spelling as tools of descriptive (descriptive) spelling and the rules as a result of the activities of orthologists codifying the norms of writing are discussed. The system of criteria for descriptive spelling is based on the system of rules of prescriptive spelling, namely the rules of modern spelling from the new electronic resource "Spelling commentary of the Russian Dictionary" (OROSS) by E. V. Beshenkova, O. E. Ivanova, E. V. Tenkova. The novelty of the results obtained in the article is due to the lack of research methodology in the field of descriptive diachronic spelling. The paper reveals such important concepts for the theory of writing as "usage", "norm", "codification" and clarifies the relationship between these concepts. As a result, the illegality of the use of the term "customary norm" was established, for which the arguments confirming the incorrectness of this term were considered in detail, in particular, that in certain contexts the terms "usage" and "norm" can be used indifferently. The result of the work was a system of criteria for choosing spelling options at different stages of the formation of the orthogram. The development of an original system of criteria for choosing spelling variants was carried out on the basis of a modern set of spelling rules. The scope of the research results is determined by describing the process of diachronic analysis of the orthogram and illustrated by a specific example of such analysis.
Keywords: The history of spelling, criteria for choosing a spelling, spelling rules, writing standards, changing the norm, the formation of an orthogram, descriptive spelling, diachronic spelling, rules of Russian spelling, the history of writing
References:
Beshenkova, E. V., & Ivanova O. E. (2016). Theory and practice of standardization of Russian writing. Moscow: LEKSRUS.
Kaverina, V.V. (2004). Usual norm of business writing of the 17th century: spelling of prefixes. Ed. L. A. Ilyushina. Moscow: Publishing house Mosk. Univ.
Sirotinina, O. B. (2006). Usual norm and its role in the development of language. Russian language today. 4. Problems of language norms. Answer. ed. L. P. Krysin, pp. 490–499. Moscow. .
Zemskaya, E. A. (2010). Literary norm and non-usual word formation. Modern Russian language: System - norm - usage, pp. 207–253. Moscow: Languages of Slavic Culture.
Krysin, L.P. (2010). The problem of the relationship between the language system, norm and usage. Modern Russian language: System – norm – usage (pp. 9-30). Moscow: Languages of Slavic Culture.
Shmelev, A.D. (2021). Codification of spelling norms: general principle
Reference:
Dudanov T.. Explicit expression of unconditionality using conjunctions in Chinese // Litera. – 2024. – ¹ 1. – P. 73-91.
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article discusses unconditionals in Chinese. Conjunctions with unconditional meaning, which serve for the explicit transmission of meaning in a sentence, are chosen as a subject of research. The purpose of the study is to find the conjunctions with explicit expression of unconditionality in the Chinese language. In addition to Chinese, the Russian language is also considered for a comparative analysis of conjunctions in different languages. A comparative analysis is carried out for all types of unconditionality after the description of each section. In this article not only conjunctions with unconditional meaning, but also correlates (words which clarify the meaning of the condition in the first part of the sentence) and the order of two clauses (main and dependent) are compared. The research methods include the search for conjunctions and correlatives from Chinese dictionaries and grammars for a further distribution of them in groups, consideration of conjunctions’ semantic, combination and stylistic features through dictionaries. As Chinese unconditional sentences have been little studied among Russian typologists, this article contains a certain scientific novelty. As a result, three types of unconditionals have been identified in total: absolute, irreal and real. Due to the differentiation of conjunctions in sentences with the absence of a condition, it was found out that a variety of similar words in the Chinese language is as rich as in the Russian one. At the end there are two tables with all the conjunctions both in Russian and in Chinese. In this article Russian is less emphasized because it has been researched earlier by other typologists. This material can be useful not only for sinologists, but also for the specialists in general linguistics.
Keywords: clauses, correlatives, conjunctions, explicit expression, unconditional sentences, conditionals, unconditionals, the Chinese language, dictionary, corpus
References:
Khrakovskiy, V. S. (1998). Typology of conditionals. Saint-Petersburg: Nauka.
Gvozdev, À. N. (1965). Essay on Russian stylistics. 3rd ed. Ìoscow: Prosvesheniye.
Wang, Weixian et al. (1994). Xiandai hanyu fuju xinjie [A new explanation of Chinese compound sentences]. Shanghai: Huadong shifan daxue chubanshe.
Hu, Yushu. (2011). Xiandai hanyu (di liu ban, chongding ben) [Modern Chinese (6th revised ed.)]. Shanghai: Shanghai jiaoyu chubanshe.
Huang, Borong & Liao, Xudong. (2002). Xiandai hanyu [Modern Chinese]. V. 2. Beijing: Gaodeng jiaoyu chubanshe.
Wang, Chunhui. (2010). Chinese conditionals typological classification. (translated by À. V. Lebedeva). Saint Petersburg University Journal, 2(13), 174­­–185.
Xing, Fuyi. (2019). Chinese grammar (translated by E. N. Kolpachkova,
Reference:
Mezit A.E., Kattsina T.A.. Special vocabulary of the Russian sublanguage of social work in the stratification aspect // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 12. – P. 87-95. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.68702.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.68702
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article examines the vocabulary of the Russian sublanguage of social work from the standpoint of stratification terminology, identifies and characterizes the varieties of terminological vocabulary, as well as special names functioning in the lower case of the sublanguage. The object of the study is the sublanguage of social work employees. The subject of the study is the lexical composition of a special sublanguage of social work. The following methods were used in the course of the study: the method of selective receipt of special texts, the sociolinguistic method, the functional-semantic method and the method of linguistic description. The author considers the studied vocabulary from the standpoint of genesis, formal-structural criterion, motivation, on the basis of correlation with logical categories. The results of the study identified stratification categories of special vocabulary of the Russian sublanguage of social work, carried out the classification of special units by genesis, from the standpoint of formal structural criteria, on the basis of motivation and correlation with logical categories. It is revealed that the key functions of the special vocabulary in the studied sublanguage are nominative and cognitive. In the course of the research, the conclusion is made about the "maturity" of the special vocabulary of the sublanguage of social work and its high linguistic informativeness. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time (within the framework of the problems of modern linguistics) a comprehensive analysis of the vocabulary of the Russian sublanguage of special work was carried out, stratification categories of professional vocabulary of the sublanguage of social work were identified.
Keywords: professional discourse, motivation, eponym, term, professional jargon, categories of special vocabulary, typology of special vocabulary, special vocabulary, sublanguage, terminology
References:
Bolshak, A.V. (2005). Functional and semantic foundations of social work terminology: based on the material of English and Russian languages. Thesis of the Candidate of Philological Sciences. Krasnodar.
The Great psychological Encyclopedia. [Digital source]. Retrieved from https://psychology.academic.ru 
Borkhvaldt, O. V. (2000). Vocabulary of the gold industry in the aspect of historical terminology of the Russian language. Thesis of the Doctor of Philological Sciences. Krasnoyarsk.
Bursina, O. A. (2014). Terminology of social work: structure, semantics and functioning: based on the material of English-language literature for social workers. Thesis of the Candidate of Philological Sciences. St. Petersburg. 
Glossary of social work. (2008). Moscow.
GOST R 52143 Social service of the population. The main types of social services. [Digital source]. Retrieved from https://docs.cntd.ru/document/120010723
Reference:
Onufrieva E.S., Tresorukova I.V.. Discursive formulas of response in Modern Greek // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 12. – P. 63-78. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69250.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69250
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is dedicated to the study of discursive formulas of response in Modern Greek. Discursive formulas of response, i.e. idioms which are used in speech as a reaction to what was previously said by the interlocutor and which reproduce some of the phonetic properties of the previous utterance, constitute one of the most language-specific layers of phraseology and pose a difficulty for a correct decoding and translation. The aim of the article is to describe the little-studied material of Modern Greek formulas of response, to determine their types and specific properties and to identify typical communicative situations in which they are used. The study is based on the instances of use of such structures in literary works, internet texts, movies and series in Modern Greek, along with data from dictionaries. Methods of structural, semantic, contextual and comparative analysis are used. The findings of the study provide evidence that in Modern Greek there exist structures corresponding to the definition of discursive formulas of response. Eight types of such structures can be distinguished based on the type of the initiating utterance: reactions to a question; reactions to an address; reactions to an expression of agreement or disagreement; reactions to an expression of opinion or an evaluation; reactions to a factual statement; reactions to a greeting, a farewell or a well-wish; reactions to an expression of gratitude; reactions to a directive. It is shown, however, that the key role in every case is played by the actual lexical make-up of the initiating utterances. From the authors’ point of view, what is particularly interesting for the comparative analysis of discursive formulas of response in different languages is the fact that some Modern Greek formulas of response have the form of a curse or of an ill-wish.
Keywords: curse, rhyme, phonetic resemblance, initiating utterance, reactive utterance, formulas of response, phraseology, discursive formulas, speech formulas, Modern Greek
References:
Baranov, A. N., & Dobrovol’skii, D. O. (2008). Aspects of the Theory of Phraseology. Moscow: Znak.
Baranov, A. N., & Dobrovol’skii, D. O. (2014). Fundamentals of Phraseology. Moscow: FLINTA: Nauka.
Roizenzon, L. I. (1973). Lectures on General and Russian Phraseology. Samarkand.
Permyakov, G. L. (1988). Fundamentals of Structural Paremiology. Moscow: Nauka.
Boitsova, O. Yu. (2010). «Kon’ v pal’to»: structure and functions of joking replies. Zhivaya starina, 3, 9-11.
Varvounis, M. G. (2007). Abusive, swearing and derisive folk responses. Laografia, 41, 139-144.
Doulaveras, A. N. (2020). Folklore of Artistic Folk Discourse. Tradition and Modernity. Volume 1. Thessaloniki: K. & M. Stamoulis.
Bragina, N. G., & Sharonov, I. A. (2019). «Pedagogical» aggression in Russian everyday c
Reference:
Wang L.. The specifics of conditional conjunctions in modern Russian // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 12. – P. 419-430. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69304.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69304
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of research are the conjunctions used in a complex sentence to convey conditional relations. In the Russian language, the group of conjunctions capable of expressing the meaning of a condition is quite voluminous. In this article we turn to an insufficiently deeply developed issue, namely, the analysis of conjunctions located on the periphery of the means condition expressions. The purpose of the study is to identify conjunctions based on lexicographic sources and speech contexts that can express a conditional relation, and, using the example of a conjunction "äîáðî áû", describe its semantic and pragmatic potential. The article uses the descriptive method, as well as the method of definitional analysis and elements of component and transformational analysis. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that 1) the analysis of dictionary entries of conditional conjunctions is given, the grouping of conditional conjunctions is described; 2) the experience of a comprehensive analysis of the conjunction of "äîáðî áû" is demonstrated and its additional meanings (presumptive condition, conditionally opposed), as well as modal shades (assessment and desire) are revealed. The conclusions and materials of the study can be used in lectures, special courses and special seminars for students of philological and pedagogical specialties, in improving school curricula, creating textbooks, collections of exercises.
The relevance of the study lies in the fact that, despite the many scientific papers devoted to specific conjunctions that are located in the central zone of the means of expressing conditional relations, the question of the interpretative potential of peripheral conditional conjunctions (the number of which is very large) has not been worked out deeply enough.
Keywords: dictionary entry, stylistic coloring, pragmatics, modality, condition, coordinating conjunction, subordinating conjunction, semantics, possible world, neutral conjunction
References:
Apresyan, Yu. D. (1974). Lexical semantics (synonymous means of language). Moscow: Nauka.
Kuznetsov, S. A. (Ed.). (2000). Large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Saint Petersburg: Norint.
Borovskikh, N. D. (1972). Complex sentences with a conditional clause in the Russian literary language of the 18th century. Moscow.
Vezhbitskaya, A. (1999). Semantic universals and description of languages. Moscow: Languages of Russian culture.
Vinogradov, V. V. (Ed.). (1986). Russian language (Grammatical doctrine of words). Moscow: Higher School.
Gladky, A. V. (1982). On the meaning of the conjunction if. Semiotics and computer science, 18, 43-73.
Shvedova, N. Yu. (Ed.). (1970). Grammar of the modern Russian literary language. Moscow: Nauka.
Gretskaya, E. S. (2004). The role of subordinating conjunctions in the formation of the modality of complex sentences with the meaning of conditionality: conditional and ca
Reference:
Yang X.. Lexical units nominating women in the paremias about the gender inequality of the Russian language // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 12. – P. 154-162. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69367.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69367
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: Russian linguistic and cultural community gender stereotypes reflecting the inequality between men and women in the Russian linguistic and cultural community, verbalized by the paremias of the Russian language; the subject of the study are such nominating components as "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother—in-law". The material under study forms part of the national picture of the world, of which the paremic corpus is a part. Special attention is paid to the verbalization of gender stereotypes in the studied parodies. The aim of the study is to describe the lexical units that nominate women and are used as part of the Russian language related thematically to the linguistic markers of gender inequality. The relevance of this study is determined by both linguistic and extralinguistic parameters. The first group includes an interest in the linguistic and cultural analysis of the paremiological fund, including in a comparative aspect. The second group of factors includes a social demand to satisfy the need to understand the mentality of representatives of the Russian linguistic culture. The following methods were used in this article: systematization, generalization, description, semantic analysis, conceptual analysis, linguistic and cultural analysis. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it presents in a generalized form gender stereotypes that take place in the Russian language community and which are verbalized in paremias with nominating components "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother-in-law", indicating a social role of a woman (wife, mother, mother-in-law, daughter). The main conclusions of the study are the following : historically, the Russian linguistic and cultural community has developed a pejorative view of a woman as a member of society. Russian language parodies with such nominating components as "woman", "wife", "daughter", "mother-in-law" most often actualize negative connotations that are expressed at the explicit level. This is confirmed by currently existing Russian gender studies, which show that there are certain patterns of male and female verbal behavior in the Russian language, the differences in which are probabilistic in nature.
Keywords: national culture, picture of the world, linguistic culture, gender inequality, negative connotation, gender stereotype, paremia of the Russian language, nomination of a woman, paremiological fund, intergender communication
References:
Apresyan, Y. D. (1995). Integral description of language and system lexicography. Moscow: Languages of Russian Culture.
Humboldt, W. (1984). Selected works on linguistics. Moscow: Prosveshchenie.
Guseinova, I. A. (2002). About some forms of gender aspect representation in commercial descriptive advertising texts (on the material of magazine press of Russia and FRG). Gender as an intrigue of cognition: Gender studies in linguistics, literature and communication theory (pp. 57-65). Moscow: Pilot issue.
Denisova, A. A. (2002). Dictionary of Gender Terms. Moscow: Information-XXI century.
Dogan, M. G. (2022). National-cultural specificity of Russian paremi with bioequivalent lexicon. Linguistics in dialog with other fields of knowledge: jurislinguistics and discursive linguistics, communicative linguistics and linguoculturology, 15, 23–26.
Kirilina, A. V. (1997). Women’s voice in Russian paremiology. Woman in Russian
Reference:
Mutalov R.O.. Postfixal expression of the category of grammatical class in the attributive forms of the Dargin languages // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 12. – P. 216-224. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69389.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.12.69389
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the peculiarities of class markers functioning in adjective and participial suffixes of the South Dargin languages (Dargin branch of the Nakh-Dagestan languages). The Dargin languages are characterized by a complex and extensive system of grammatical categories, however, the categories in numerous Dargin languages and dialects remain still unstudied, and that is the relevance of this study. The purpose of the study is to identify the cases of usage the changing markers of class and case in the postfixal position in the Dargin languages. To achieve this purpose, the following tasks are followed: a) to study the category of grammatical class in archaic South Dargin languages; b) to study the peculiarities of the functioning of class-numerical exponents; c) to identify the attributive words the class indicators of which function in the postfixal position; d) comparative analysis of Dargin word forms with changing class-numerical elements. The use of both field linguistics methods, as well as the comparative method and the method of synchronic analysis is needed to solve the above-mentioned issues. The novelty of the study is in the first attempt of comparative analysis of class-numerical indicators’ functioning in the postfixal position of attributive forms. A similar phenomenon was described only in the Kubachi language earlier. As a result of the study, all cases of postfixal use of changing class exponents in the South Dargin languages and dialects are identified. In particular, in the Chirag language these affixes are revealed in the present and past tense forms. In the Itzari dialect they are revealed in attributes derived from the demonstrative pronouns, in the Sanzhi dialect - in adjectives denoting a high degree of quality. The results of the study can be useful for compiling a comparative historical grammar of the Dargin languages.
Keywords: the category of grammatical class, morphology, the Sanzhi dialect, the Itzari dialect, the Chirag language, the Dargin languages, the Nakh-Dagestan languages, adjective, participle, class marker
References:
Koryakov, Yu. B. (2021) Dargin languages and their classification.. Durkhasi Khazna. Collection of articles for the 60th anniversary of R.O. Mutalov. Moscow: Buki-Vedi. Pp. 139-154.
Uslar, P.K. (1892). Ethnography of the Caucasus. Linguistics. T. 5. Khyurkilin language. Tiflis: Department of the Caucasian educational district.
Zhirkov, L.I. (1926). Grammar of the Dargin language. Moscow: Central publisher of the peoples of S.S.S.R.
Abdullaev, S.N. (1954). Grammar of the Dargin language (phonetics and morphology). Makhachkala: Daguchpedgiz.
Magometov, A.A. (1963). Kubachi language. Research work and texts. Tbilisi: Metsniereba.
Musaev M. – S.M. (1987). Inflectional categories of the Dargin language (categories of grammatical classes, abstract cases). Makhachkala: Daguchpedgiz.
Abdullaev Z.G., Abdusalamov A.A., Musaev M. – S. M, Temirbulatova S. M. (2014). The Modern Dargin language. Makhachkala: IYALI DSC RAS.
Van den Berg
Reference:
Sidorova E.N., Popova L.G.. The concept of "gardening": lexicographic representation of its notional component // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 11. – P. 206-213. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.11.68864.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.11.68864
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: In this article, special attention is paid to the analysis of the lexicographic representation of the concept of "gardening", which is the subject of research, while the object of research is to study the verbalization of the concept of "gardening". The concept of "gardening" is considered as one of a number of concepts that make up a more complex concept of "Englishness". The purpose of the article is to determine the core and periphery of the concept of "gardening", as well as a thorough analysis of its lexical representation in various lexicographic sources. In this study, the authors relied on explanatory dictionaries and a dictionary of synonyms of the English language, namely its British version. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the representations of the linguistic and cultural components of the concept "gardening" were analyzed on the material of explanatory dictionaries and synonyms in order to clarify the lexico-semantic explication of its notional component. Having studied the obtained meanings of synonyms and the nuclear lexeme of the concept "gardening" on the basis of dictionaries, it can be concluded that the notional component of the concept can be represented in the following forms: plant study; preparation and use of soil for growing plants in the garden; landscape design of a garden or park; arrangement of gardens or parks; decorative gardening; planting plants; floriculture.
Keywords: world view, English language, linguistics, conceptualization, gardening, synonyms, lexicography, representation, Englishness, concept
References:
Vorkachev, S.G. (2011). Áàçîâàÿ ñåìàíòèêà è ëèíãâîêîíöåïòîëîãèÿ: íà ñòûêå ïàðàäèãì ãóìàíèòàðíîãî çíàíèÿ [Basic semantics and linguoconceptology: at the junction of the paradigms of humanitarian knowledge]. Saarbrücken: LAP LAMBERT Academic Publishing.
Dzhioeva, A.A. (2006). Àíãëèéñêèé ìåíòàëèòåò ñêâîçü ïðèçìó ÿçûêà: êîíöåïò "privacy" [English mentality through the prism of language: "privacy" concept] Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 19. Linguistics and Intercultural Communication (pp. 41-59).
Karavaeva, D. N. Àíãëèéñêàÿ èäåíòè÷íîñòü è åå äèñêóðñ: Áðèòàíèÿ – Àíãëèÿ – Ñåâåðíàÿ Àíãëèÿ [Englishness and its discourse (Britain, England, Northern England]. Yekaterinburg, Russia: Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences.
Karasik, V. I. (2004). ßçûêîâîé êðóã: ëè÷íîñòü, êîíöåïòû, äèñêóðñ [Language circle: personality, concepts, discourse]. Gnosis.
Kononova, I. V. (2012). Ðåïðåçåíòàöèÿ áðèòà
Reference:
Zhang M.. Russian phraseological units with the concept of "Homeland" in phraseological dictionaries // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 11. – P. 214-220. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.11.68971.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.11.68971
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is Russian phraseological units with the concept “Motherland” and its associative images in the Russian language. Acting as special significant linguistic units with national-cultural semantics, these phraseological units play a role in history, culture and reflect the soul of the Russian people. Uniting the hearts and thoughts of people of different nationalities of the country into a single whole, the word “Motherland”, which has a sacred meaning, represents an internal and spiritual connection between peoples. The article analyzes the lexical meanings, synonyms, and concept of this word in Russian phraseology. The purpose of this work is not only to identify phraseological units with this concept in Russian phraseological dictionaries, but also to understand the national character, the soul of the Russian person through their semantics. In order to achieve this goal, this article uses descriptive, associative methods, methods of classification and grouping, synthesis and generalization, linguocultural and conceptual analysis. When identifying and analyzing Russian phraseological units with the concept “Motherland”, it is noted that they have positive and negative aspects. Phraseological dictionaries of the Russian language mainly present linguistic examples demonstrating the positive attitude of the Russian people towards their homeland, for example, a sense of responsibility/loyalty/love for their country, self-sacrifice for their native land, a sense of pride/belonging to the fatherland, etc. Moreover, the word “Motherland” in Russian linguistic culture, associated with the images of “fatherland”, “home”, “land”, “mother”, “birch”, etc., has an important meaning in the consciousness of the Russian people. The study of phraseological units of the Russian language with this concept in Russian phraseological dictionaries allows speakers of a different linguistic culture to understand the images contained in them, the spiritual values of native speakers of this language.
Keywords: nature, mother, homeland, Russian people, associative images, national consciousness, concept, phraseology of the Russian language, Russian language, phraseological units
References:
Bayramova, L.K. (2019). Linguistic and cultural codes of figurative components of phraseological units about the homeland. Kazan Science, 8, 35-39.
Bayramova, L.K. (2018). Russian and English phraseological units about the homeland. Kazan Science, 7, 43-47.
Kuznetsov, S.A. (Ed.). (2000). Large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Saint Petersburg: Norint.
Telia, V.N. (Ed.). (2006). Large phraseological dictionary of the Russian language. Moscow: AST-Press.
Dovletkireeva, L.M., Gekhaeva, S.I., Dzhantamirova, A.A., & Ismailova, A.M. (2019). Actualization of universal human concepts “homeland”, “knowledge” and “family” in Russian, Chechen and English languages. Language and literature in the educational and cultural space of the south of Russia and the Caucasus (pp. 250-255). Grozny: Chechen State Pedagogical University.
Kolabinova, T.I. (2011). Representation of the concept Motherland in M.A. Sholokhov&rsqu
Reference:
Lastochkina E.G.. Lexical homonyms in the Mari language. // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 11. – P. 55-61. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.11.68994.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.11.68994
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is lexical homonyms in the modern Mari language. The material of the scientific work was the data of the 10-volume dictionary of the Mari language, the Mari-Russian dictionary, the author's card file, compiled by selecting materials from Mari works of art, oral folk art and periodicals. The aim of the work is to distinguish lexical homonyms from other groups of homonyms and to determine their conceptual and semantic relationship. At the first stage, a selection of words that belong to the category of lexical homonyms was carried out. At the next stage of the study, all lexical material was analyzed, this group of homonyms was divided into categories, and a quantitative analysis of lexical homonyms was performed. The research method was the analysis of homonyms based on lexicographic sources. A special contribution of the author to the study of the topic is the appeal to a wide range of works and the multidimensional nature of the study of the issue. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that lexical homonyms in the Mari language are analyzed for the first time.
The result of the study lies in the conclusion that lexical homonyms are the most common group of homonyms in the Mari language, they can be divided into full and incomplete lexical homonyms, as well as substantive, verbal, adjectival, participial, adverbial and several examples with imitative words were distinguished by their relation to parts of speech.
Lexical homonymy occurs among words of the same parts of speech. At the same time, two or more lexical homonyms (full or partial) have an absolute identity of the sound and spelling complex.
Keywords: adjectival lexical homonyms, verbal lexical homonyms, substantive lexical homonyms, incomplete homonyms, full homonyms, Mari language, lexical homonyms, homonyms, participial lexical homonyms, adverbial lexical homonyms
References:
Lyons, D. (2003). Linguistic semantics. Moscow. Languages of Slavic culture.
Maslov, Yu. S. (1963). Homonyms in dictionaries and homonymy in language. In: Questions of theory and history of language (ðð. 775–780). Leningrad: Languages of Slavic culture.
Leino, P. (1993). Polysemia – kielen moniselitteisyys. Kieli 7. Helsinki: Helsingin yliopiston suomen kielen laitos.
Malakhovski, L. (1987). Homonyms in English Dictionaries. 11 Studies in Lexicography. Oxford.
Viks, Ü. (1984). Sõnavormide homonüümia eesti keeles. In: Keel ja Kirjandus.
Williams, E. R. (1944). The conflict of homonyms in English. In: Yale Studies in English. London.
Williams, J. N. (1992). Processing Polysemous Words in Context: Evidence for Interrelated Meanings (21 ð). In: Journal of Psychological Research.
Wojan, K. (2003). The genesis of homonymy of the finnish language. In: Fenno-Ugristica. XXV.
Lastochkina, E. (2015).
Reference:
Soloveva A.A.. The Method of Application of Mini-corposes for the Analysis of Language Variation of Etiquetial Expressions in Bilingual Language Situations in the Sociolinguistic Aspect. // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 10. – P. 77-85. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.39183.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.39183
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The author examines the process of creating and methodology of applying the mini-corps to solve the problems in the field of language choice learning in the sphere of speech etiquette. The different stages of compiling a mini-corps from the peculiarities of material collection to the construction of theoretical models of language use of speech etiquette are considered. The terminological apparatus of the study is introduced. The features of different methods are compared and the need for a comprehensive approach to compiling a mini-corpus is substantiated. The shortage of corpora for the study of language choice in a bilingual situation is stated. Advantages and disadvantages of the chosen methodology are described. In particular, the necessity of selecting authentic examples of spontaneous speech taken from videos based on the method of non-included observation is pointed out. The place of the mini-corpus technique in the set of methods used in this study is shown. The result is a corpus-based description of the algorithms of speakers' use of etiquette expressions in a particular language under the influence of various configurations of factors and parameters of the social context. It is concluded that this method allows, on the one hand, to obtain the necessary and sufficient material for the analysis, on the other hand, it does not involve the use and processing of a large array of data.
The prospect of researching the method is to apply it in other situations of bilingualism in order to complement and correct the theoretical models obtained in the course of the study. Thus, the method of compiling bilingual mini-corps makes it possible to reach the level of generalization of linguistic facts, sufficient to build universal models for interpreting the patterns of language choice of etiquette expressions in bilingualism.
Keywords: Catalan language, content analysis, language choice, methods, etiquette expressions, bilinguism, corpus linguistics, sociolinguistics, Hindi language, mini-corpus
References:
Golubkova, E. E. (2015). The use of linguistic corpora in solving semantic problems. Methods of cognitive analysis of word semantics: computer-corpus approach, 39-80 pp. Moscow, YASK Editorial house.
Kirpikov, A. R. (2018). Qualitative content analysis as a research method. XXI International Conference in memory of Professor L. N. Kogan "Culture, personality, society in the modern world: methodology, experience of empirical research", 22-23 of March, Ekaterinburg: URFU, 67-74.
Labov, U. (1975). On the mechanism of language changes. New in linguistics, Moscow,V. VII, Progress Ed.
Soloveva, A. A. (2019). The degree of influence of the parameter of social status on the choice of speech etiquette in bilingualism. World of Science. Sociology, philology, cultural studies, 10(1), 10. Retrieved from https://sfk-mn.ru/PDF/10FLSK119.pdf
Soloveva, A. A. (2022). Etiquette expressions in bilingualism: a sociolinguistic analysis, pp. 98-103. Moscow, Russcience Ed.
Suleimanova, O. A. (2
Reference:
Lifanov K.V.. On the Divergence of the Slovak and Czech Literary Languages at the Word-formation Level // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 10. – P. 171-178. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.39311.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.39311
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The object of the study is such lexemes of the Slovak literary language, which were originally similar to the corresponding Czech, but in the XX century they underwent changes, as their word-formation characteristics changed. At the same time, the corresponding Czech words remained unchanged. We call this phenomenon asymmetric divergence. Asymmetric divergence characterized many parts of speech: nouns, adjectives, adverbs, verbs. The source of the material was primarily the newspaper "Catholicke Noviny" for 1889-1890, as well as some publications of the early XX century. This article discusses cases of asymmetric divergence realized in small closed groups of vocabulary or even at the level of individual lexemes. The main conclusion of the author is that asymmetric divergence was an important factor in the formation of the lexical composition of the Slovak literary language and its acquisition of specific features that distanced it from the Czech. To the greatest extent, it affected nouns, and the most common means was suffixation, that is, replacing the original suffix that coincided with the corresponding Czech with another suffix. The divergence of the Slovak and Czech literary languages, as a rule, is beyond the field of view of researchers who consider primarily the influence of the Czech language on Slovak. At the same time, it was she who was the leading trend in the development of the Slovak literary language in the XX century.
Keywords: substitution, other parts of speech, prefixation, suffixation, nouns, closed group, word-formation level, asymmetric divergence, Slovak literary language, simplification
References:
Lifanov, K. V. (2005). The displacement of Bohemisms from the lexical composition of the Slovak literary language since the end of the XIX century. Die Welt der Slaven – Halbjahresschrift für Slavistik, Band 50, Heft 1. P. 71-82.
Lifanov, K. V. (2018). Asymmetric divergence of Slovak and Czech literary languages. Slavic linguistics. XVI International Congress of Slavists. Belgrade, August 20-27, 2018. Reports of the Russian delegation, 316-334. Moscow, Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Bělič, J., Kamiš, A., & Kučera, K. (1978). Malý staročeský slovník. Praha: Státní pedagogické nakladatelství. https://vokabular.ujc.cas.cz/materialy/nlp/Synkova-2017/Synkova-2017-Priloha-A-Formalni-zmeny.pdf
Katolické noviny (1889). Trnava.
Katolické noviny (1890). Trnava.
Lifanov K. (2017). Asymetrická divergence spisovnej slovenčiny a spisovnej češti
Reference:
Smirnova D.L.. The transformation of meanings of the semantic space of a literary text under translation to a foreign language // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 10. – P. 33-43. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.44179.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.44179
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The transformation of the semantic structure of a literary text under translation into a foreign language is inextricably linked with the transformation of conceptually significant meanings of this text. In order to establish the direction of changing the meanings that make up the paradigm of the key statements for this text, it is necessary to comprehensively study the paradigm of meanings arising in the translation text using a definitional analysis of key lexemes in the source language and the translation language and contextual analysis of the meaning-forming contexts of this text. In this connection, the subject of the study is the semantic structure of a key utterance in a polyphonic text. Particular attention is paid to the change in the volume of meanings formed during translation and the change in the actualization of meanings arising as the text is semantically unfolded. The scientific novelty lies in the material chosen for the study: the paper presents contexts from the translation of the novel by F.M. Dostoevsky "The Idiot", made by Eva M. Martin, published by Everyman's Library in 1914 and republished in 1916. Previously, this translation text was not used as a valuable source for obtaining new knowledge about the semantic structure of a literary text and its transformation during translation, in particular, the aspect concerning the functioning of text dominants at the aesthetic and linguistic level. The contexts given in the study give reason to believe that the paradigm of the meanings of the key sign is significantly narrowed in the translation text, which leads to flattening of conceptually significant meanings and violation of the basic properties of the polyphonic word.
Keywords: Dostoevsky, peradigm of meanings, polyphonic word, a conceptually meaningful statement, text dominant, the key statement, semantic structure, content structure, literary text, semantics
References:
Valentinova, O. I. (Ed.). (2005). Semiotika polifonii. Moscow: Rossijskij universitet druzhby narodov.
Valentinova, O. I. (2005). Universal'nye principy analiza verbal'nogo iskusstva. Moscow: Rossijskij universitet druzhby narodov.
Valentinova, O. I., Denisenko, V.N., & Rybakov, M.A. (2021). Topical trends of modern linguistics with the positions of the systemic approach. Some thoughts on the results of a scientific internship at RUDN University “general and specialized methodology of philological science”, 2019, Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Teoriya yazyka. Semiotika. Semantika, 3, 918-933. doi:10.22363/2313-2299-2021-12-3-918-933
Dostoevsky, F.M. (Ed.) (1973). Idiot. Moscow: Nauka.
Ozhegov, S. I., & Shvedova, N.Y. (2000). Tolkovyj slovar' russkogo yazyka. Moscow: Azbukovnik.
Hidekel, S. S., Kaul, M.R. (2006). Russko-anglijskij obyasnitelnyj slovar: slovar russko-
Reference:
Mikhailenko A.Y.. Textual periphrases in the semantic structure of N.M. Karamzin's sentimental historical novel "Natalia, the Boyar's Daughter" // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 10. – P. 179-188. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.44178.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.44178
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The work is devoted to the problem of the functioning of the lexical figurative means of artistic expression – periphrase as an integral component of the semantic structure of the literary text created in the line of sentimentalism aesthetics in the genre of historical story against the background of the ongoing process of the formation of the norms of the Russian literary language in the context of linguistic polemics of the turn of the XVIII–XIX centuries. The study of the semantic structure of a literary text involves the analysis of the types of nomination techniques and their aesthetic content. However, the use of peripheral expressions has a certain specificity, which is associated with their heterogeneity in thematic marking, structure and object of nomination. The subject of the study is periphrases, the paper presents the classification of periphrases of N.M. Karamzin's story "Natalia, the boyar's Daughter" as works of the genre of sentimental historical story. Using the example of the analysis of the text of the story, the peripheral combinations in the thematic groups love and time (time/period: life, year) are considered, the models of periphrases, metonymic nomination are described, the functions of periphrases are considered. The study of the functioning of periphrases is focused on determining the place and role occupied by this technique in the semantic structure of the text. The relevance of the research is connected with the choice of the research material – N.M. Karamzin's novella "Natalia, the boyar's daughter", its consideration in order to identify the features of the semantic structure and is due to the general interest of modern linguistics in the interpretation of a literary text based on a system-functional approach to the study of the object.
Keywords: image structure, expression, Russian standart language, Karamzin, historical narrative, sentimentalism, paraphrase, semantic structure, semantics, aesthetics of sentimentalism
References:
Novikov, L. A. (2001). Selected works. Vol. 1: Problems of linguistic meaning. Moscow: URSS. 
Vinogradov, V. V. (1934). Essays on the history of the Russian literary language of the XVII–XIX centuries. Moscow: State Academic and Pedagogical Publishing House, 1934. 
Grekhneva, L. V. (2009). Features of the periphrastic nomination. Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University named after N.I. Lobachevsky, 6-2, 207–210.
Grekhneva, L. V. (2013). Peripheral designation of feelings and emotional states in Russian literature of the late XVIII–early XIX centuries. Bulletin of the Lobochevsky Novgorod University, 6(2), 69–72.
Golub, I. B. (1997). Stylistics of the Russian language. Moscow: Rolf; Iris-press.
Bally, Sh. (1955). General linguistics and questions of French linguistics. Moscow: Foreign Literature. 
Kozharina, T. V. (2014). To the portrait of French culture: a
Reference:
Gurkova A.V.. The use of adjectives as a means of changing the time continuum within a literary text // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 10. – P. 67-76. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.68684.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.10.68684
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is the exaggeration and understatement of time in modern English literary text through the use of adjectives. The object of the study are adjectives, which are presented as a means of depicting an exaggerated and understated time continuum. The author examines in detail the semantics of such lexemes as brief, quick, fleeting, ancient and slow. Particular attention is paid to their changes within the framework of combinations with other lexical units, during which time periods are stretched or narrowed. In this work, the author implemented the following methods: the method of component analysis, the method of contextual analysis, the method of linguostylistic analysis.
The main conclusion of the study is the identification of the lexemes brief, quick, fleeting, ancient and slow as indicators of exaggeration and understatement of time within the English literary text of the fantastic genre. The use of the analyzed lexemes in different forms of degree of comparison of adjectives, as well as as part of comparative phrases, is noted. The above lexemes can express the speed of actions performed, and the time spent by the heroes is either deliberately drawn out or passes instantly. Also, hyperbolic time can be a way of reflecting the authenticity of the existence of peoples and the world as a whole. It is worth noting that some author's neologisms were identified.
Keywords: author's neologism, hyperbolization, context, continuum, dictema, adjective, understatement of time, exaggeration of time, non-dictionary phrases, time category
References:
Barkhudarov, L. S. (2009). Essays on the morphology of modern English. Moscow: LIBROKOM.
Blokh, M.Ya. (1976). Questions of studying the grammatical structure of a language. Moscow.
Blokh, M.Ya. (2000). Dictema in the level structure of language. Questions of linguistics, 56–67.
Brunner, K. (2010). History of the English language. Moscow: Publishing house. LKI.
Vorontsova, G. N. (1960). Essays on English grammar. Moscow: Literary publishing house. to foreign lang.
Gaidenko, P.P. (2006). Time. Duration. Eternity. The problem of time in European philosophy and science. – M.: Progress-Tradition.
Gak, V.G. (1997). Space of time. Logical analysis of language: Language and time. Rep. ed. N.D. Arutyunova, T.E. Yanko, 122–130. Moscow: Indrik.
Gurevich, A.Ya. (1972). Categories of medieval culture. Part I. Moscow: Art.
Gurkova, A.V. (2023). Lexical indicat
Reference:
Kuraleva T., Pavlenko E., Vyunova E.. Linguistic Representation of the Emotional State of «SURPRISE» in American English // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 9. – P. 133-140. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.9.38886.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.9.38886
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The paper discusses major grammatical constructions that are used to describe the emotion of surprise in American English. Linguistic description of this emotion is difficult to formalize as this emotion is short-lived and is usually described in a clustered way. The linguistic material includes data from the Corpus of Contemporary American English. The paper focuses on grammatical constructions that are used by the speaker to describe their emotions rather than on lexemes that nominate emotional states. Corpus analysis shows that the whole range of grammatical constructions in question can be categorized into two groups: constructions with one proposition and constructions with two propositions. The use of constructions with two propositions allows for a more extended description of the emotion and to shift the focus to the reason, time or action. The paper also claims that, although the emotion of surprise is regarded as a neutral emotion, the grammatical construction, by itself, foregrounds a negative discourse prosody of the lexemes that nominate the emotion of surprise.
Keywords: nomination of emotional states, emotion studies, linguistic representation, discourse prosody, emotion of surprise, corpus studies, grammatical construction, construction grammar, American English, linguistic patterns
References:
Izard, K. E. (1999). The Psychology of Emotions. St. Petersburg: Peter Publishing House.
Ionova, S. V., & Shteba A.A. (2019). Mixed emotions: about linguistic representation and descriptive metalanguage. Issues in Psycholinguisics, 2(40), 63-81.
Kolpakova, L. V. (2018). Representation of gender characteristics of a personality in the language. Vestnik TGPU, 6(195), 62-67.
Krasavskiy, N. A. (2008). Emotional Concepts in German and Russian Linguocultures. Moscow: Gnozis.
Rakhikina, E. V. (Ed.). (2010). Linguistics of Constructions. (2010). Moscow.: Azbukobnok publishing Centre.
Rakhilina, E. V., Testelets, Ya. G. (2016). Scientific heritage of Ch. Fillmore and modern linguistic theory. Voprosy Jazykoznanija, 2, 7-21.
Silinskaya, N. P. (2008). Concepts of Negative Emotions in the English Phraseological World Picture. Thesis of the Candidate of Philological Sciences. St. Petersburg.
Talashova, N. G. (2013). Direct descr
Reference:
Jazokova J.. Lexico-stylistic features of the expression of reproach in a literary work and its film adaptation: comparative analysis // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 9. – P. 141-149. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.9.41040.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.9.41040
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is the lexical means of expressing reproach. The object of the study is expressions with the intention of reproach. The theoretical basis of the research is the idea of reproach as a component of conflict communication. The study reveals the most general patterns of changing expressions with the intention of reproach in the screening of fiction. The analysis is carried out by comparing the expressions of the characters of the literary work with the expressions of the characters of the film adaptation. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as lexical changes in the text of a work of fiction during its film adaptation. Special attention is paid to the reasons for changing the text of a work of fiction during its film adaptation. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time a comparative analysis of expressions with the intention of reproach is carried out, the analysis is carried out in comparison of the text of fiction with its film adaptation. The following transformations were identified: the preservation of lexical composition, the omission of lexical units, the addition of lexical units and the replacement of lexical units. The main conclusions of the study are the reasons for the identified transformations, which are caused, firstly, by the change in the elements of the content of situations according to the director's plan. Secondly, transformations occur due to the cinema's greater ability to visually represent the objects of a work of art: the viewer sees what the reader can only read.
Keywords: comparative analysis, tactical step, tactics, strategy, film adaptation, fiction, conflict, lexical transformations, reproach, oral speech
References:
Apresyan, Y. D. (2003). A New explanatory dictionary of synonyms of the Russian language, Under the general guidance of Apresyan, Y. D. Moscow: School “Languages of Slavic Culture”.
The large explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. (2000). Compiler and Editor-in-chief Kuznecov, S. A. Saint Petersburg: NORINT.
Dmitruk, T. I. (2019). Text and film adaptation: options for correlation, Sign: The Problematic Field of Media Education, 1(31), 96-101.
Zolotova, G. A., Onipenko, N. K., & Sidorova M. S. (2004). Communicative grammar of the Russian language. Moscow.
Ivanov, A. (2003). The geographer drank his globe away. Moscow: Vagrius.
Ivankova, I. V., Makarova, O. S., & Tolkachova, N. A. (2015). Speech act of reproach in the Russian and German languages, National Association of Scientists, 9(14), 41-43.
Ignatov, K. Y. (2007). Îò òåêñòà ðîìàíà ê êèíîòåêñòó: ÿçûêîâûå òðàíñôîðìàöèè è àâòîðñêèé ñòèëü [Fro
Reference:
Al-Lami F.. Linguistic picture of the world on the example of the diplomatic discourse of the Russian and Arabic languages // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 8. – P. 198-205. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.40724.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.40724
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: Cultural differences are exacerbated when relations between ethnic groups are not uniform and ideal. In today's uncertain political environment, especially taking into account the Middle East, it is usual to use various methods and strategies to create clarity and confidence to exit the "emergency" in communication processes, regardless of specific political events and circumstances. The author notes that the genre of political discourse has its own vocabulary, which includes certain routine lexical devices and clichés. However, in modern languages (including Arabic), words lose their uniqueness and become polysemic, given the globalized environment and the world in which modern man lives. The study of some languages used in political discourse and the identification of linguistic features in this area are important for linguistics due to the small number of scientific studies in the field of political discourse in Arabic and Russian. It is also noted that today there are few scientific works devoted to some aspects of modern diplomatic issues. The study notes that some linguistic activities aimed at studying and clarifying the meaning of the form of political discourse are important, especially those related to the linguistic picture of the world, Arabic and Russian languages and methods of studying political discourse.
Keywords: linguistic anthropology, international relations, political diplomacy, intercultural communication, translation, cultural specificity, Arabic language, Russian language, diplomatic discourse, language picture of the world
References:
Awad, Ahmed Mohamed. (2003). Peculiarities of the development of the Arab media in the conditions of globalization at the turn of the XX-XXI centuries (dissertation). Moscow.
Ahmed, M.Sh. (2007). The language of Russian diplomacy in the Arab perception (dissertation). Moscow.
Mikhaleva, O.L. (2009). Political discourse: Specificity of manipulative influence. Moscow: The Book House LIBROCOM.
Finkelberg, N. D. (2010). Arabic language. Theory and technology of translation. Moscow.
Sheigal, E.I. (2000). Semiotics of Political Discourse, pp. 328-365. Institute of Linguistics RAS; Volgograd State Pedagogical University. State Pedagogical University. Volgograd: Peremena.
Versteegh, K. (1997). The Arabic Language. Articles in collections of essays. Eds. K. Versteegh, H. M. Corneilis. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press. 
Balandina, L.A. (2011). Language of diplomacy: tradition and modernity. Eds. L.A. Balandina, G.F. Ku
Reference:
Ilin A.A.. History and modification of modern cinematic vocabulary // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 8. – P. 68-78. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43454.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43454
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article is devoted to the diachronic modification of the cinematic vocabulary of the modern German language. The relevance of this study is determined by the insufficient study of the formation and development of German film lexicon in the XXI century, which contributes to new research on this issue in modern linguistics; as well as the need to study the process of formation and evolution of the German language film lexicon to identify linguistic and cultural features of this area of vocabulary.The purpose of the study is to determine the semantic features of the lexical units of the German language, representing the cinematic vocabulary in the framework of the historical development of the language.
To achieve this research goal, the following tasks were set and solved: 1) the modern scientific linguistic literature has been studied and analyzed in order to form a theoretical basis for this research problem; 2) the semantic field of cinematography has been considered and the analysis of individual lexical units of German cinematography has been carried out and the modification of lexemes in the context of the historical development of the language in relation to modern trends has been described; 3) the nature of borrowing in the German language of film terms from other languages and the analysis of their structure is made.
The article discusses the interpretation and definition of the semantic content of the German language film lexicon. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that the grammatical and lexical modification of the German language film terminology based on the diachronic aspect is described for the first time in Russian linguistics, as well as the synchronic correlation of film vocabulary with modern trends is traced. As a result, it was revealed that the semantic group denoting the professions of performing skills in modern German is represented by the word composition of nouns, as a rule, one of which is a verbal noun. The German film language tends to use borrowed synonyms for the original word in communication, the vast majority of these borrowings came from Latin, French and English.
Keywords: borrowings, film terminology, film lexicon, diachrony, film course, semantic analysis, semantics, cinema, German language, linguistics
References:
Arnold, I. V. (1991). Fundamentals of scientific research in linguistics. Moscow: Higher School.
Batura, T.V. (2016) Methods and systems of semantic text analysis. Software products, systems and algorithms, 4, 5.
Denisova, G.V., & Matasov, R.A. (2021). The art of cinema and the interpretation of the film text. Theory and history of art, 1-2, 246-255.
Dibrova, E.I., Kasatkin, L.L., Nikolina, N.A., & Shcheboleva, I.I. (2006). Modern Russian. Theory. Analysis of language units. 2nd ed. Moscow: Academy.
Evtikhova, I. M., & Lebedeva, A. (2016). In "Denglisch" in modern German. Scientific notes of the V. I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University. Philological sciences, 1, 54-62.
Zhilyuk, S. A. (2015). The use of borrowings in the system of German word formation: dis. candidate of Philology: 10.02.04. SPb.
Zabotkina, V.I. (2014). The influence of the cognitive-discursive paradigm on the development of pr
Reference:
Ivanova E.V.. Greek borrowings and glosses in the translation of "Epitomy" by Constantine Harmenopoulos, made by Epiphanius Slavinetsky // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 8. – P. 206-218. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43714.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43714
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The object of the study was the Greek phrases used in glosses in the Slavic literature of the second half of the XVII century, the subject is their implementation in the translation of the Epitomies by Konstantin Armenopoul, made by Epiphanius Slavinetsky, and the relationship with other works of this scribe. The purpose of the study is to identify the features of the use of Greek phrases in glosses in this translation. Particular attention is paid to the compilation of their own classification of marginalia based on available research. Adapting glosses, foreign-language equivalents to Slavic variants in the main text are considered separately, the characteristics of glossaries are given, the data are compared with the material of lexicons that were used by scribes. The novelty of the research consists in the introduction into scientific circulation of manuscripts not previously considered by scientists in the linguistic aspect. The main results of the analysis are to identify the role played by marginalia in the translation of "Epitomies": some of them are aimed at adapting the text for the reader, some are aimed at bringing the text closer to the original and are due to the Greek orientation of the translator. The description of the specifics of the work of the Moscow reference man with marks also clarifies the methodology of editing and searching for a more accurate translation, and also sheds light on the lexical and grammatical features of translations of the Chudovsky Book School of the second half of the XVII century.
Keywords: translation studies, Old Church Slavonic Language, translations from Greek, Nikon's book reforms, Chudov`s book school, glosses, marginalia, greek borrowings, Constantine Harmenopoulos, Epiphanius Slavinetsky
References:
Ivanova, E.V. (2023). Greek borrowings in the translation of "Epitome" by Constantine Harmenopoulos, made by Epiphanius Slavinetsky // World of Science, Culture, Education. Gorno-Altaisk: Volume 100, Issue 3.
Korogodina, M.V. (2013). Archbishops Athanasius of Holmogory and Alexander of Ustyuzh – collectors of canonical manuscripts // Materials and Reports on the Funds of the Department of Manuscripts of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Saint Petersburg: RAS.
National Corpus of the Russian Language. 2003–2023. Available at: ruscorpora.ru Retrieved from https://ruscorpora.ru/results?search=CkcqIQoICAAQChgyIAoQBSAAKLSH0%2B2BubIIQAVqBDAuOTV4ADICCAE6AQFCGwoZChcKA3JlcRIQCg7RiNC%2F0LjQu9C80LDQvTAB
Nimchuk, V. (1973). Lexicon of E. Slavinetsky and A. Koretsky-Satanovsky. Prepared for publication by V. Nimchuk. Kyiv.
Pentkovskaya, T. V. (2017). "The Word for Mercy” in the Church Slavonic Translation of the Second Half of the 17th Century and Its Polish Original: Realia Interpreta
Reference:
Solovyeva A.. English terminology of aircraft engines: lexical-semantic, structural-grammatical and pragmatic features. // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 8. – P. 17-26. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43736.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43736
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the English terminology of aircraft engines. The subject of the study is the structural-semantic and pragmatic features of the terms. Accordingly, the purpose of the article is to analyze terminology in semantic, syntagmatic and pragmatic aspects. The tasks can be formulated as follows: 1. Determine the structure of terminological units, find out from which components it is formed. 2. To identify how synonymy and ambiguity are inherent in terminology. 3. Identify the pragmatic component based on the structural components of the terms. The relevance of the study is due to the growing public interest in the aviation industry. The work was carried out using statistical methods, as well as methods of analysis and synthesis. The novelty of the research lies in the attempt to use a comprehensive (three aspects) approach to the study of a highly specialized group of terminological vocabulary. During the analysis, it was found that the terminology describing aircraft engines (types and design) is represented by multicomponent (mainly three- and four-component) terminological phrases. A number of syntactic models participate in their formation, each of which is one or another variant of the combination of adjectives, nouns and numerals. Adjectives, nouns and numerals should be recognized as carriers of terminological information that has pragmatic significance. This significance lies in the fact that information, being correctly orienting, guides specialists in their professional activities and promotes effective communication.
Keywords: pragmatics, syntactic, aviation, semantics, terminology aircraft engines, aircraft engine, gas turbine engine, term, terminology, english terminology
References:
Averbukh, K.Ya. (2004). General theory of the term. Ivanovo.
Volodina, M.N. (1998). Cognitive-informational nature of the term and terminological nomination: Dissertation of Dr. philol. nauk. Moscow.
Volodina, M.N. (1997). Theory of terminological nomination. Moscow.
Golovanova, E.I. (2014). Introduction to cognitive terminology. Moscow: Nauka.
Golovin, B.N., Kobrin, R.Yu. (1987). Linguistic foundations of the doctrine of terms. Moscow: Higher School.
Grinev, S.V. (1993). Introduction to Terminology. Moscow: Lyceum.
Danilenko, V.P. (1977). Russian terminology (Experience of linguistic description). Moscow: Nauka.
Kandelaki, T.L. (1977). Semantics and motivation of terms. Moscow: Nauka.
Leychik V.M. (2007). Terminology: subject, methods, structure. Moscow: URSS.
Superanskaya, A.V., Podolskaya, N.V., Vasilyeva, N.V. (2012). General terminology. Questions of theory. Moscow: URSS.
Shelov, S.D. (2010). O
Reference:
Shagbanova K.S.. Binary opposition heaven-earth in Russian and English // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 8. – P. 47-56. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43757.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.8.43757
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: In the article, the author explores the semantic behavior of representatives of such fundamental concepts as "heaven" and "earth" in the Russian and English language spaces. This binary opposition, despite its ancient origin, demonstrates both interaction with relevant concepts and a tendency to nominate phenomena of a universal or particular nature. The pragmatics of each lexeme is determined not only by the realization of connotative potential, but also by the projection of actual meanings on a fragment of the universe. It should be noted the priority of differential characteristics that verbalize the functionally demanded spectrum of the semantic field. Each semantic derivative of the sky lexeme is characterized by a set of implication connections motivated by hypo- and hyperonymy phenomena. In the logical and meaningful space of English linguoculture, the concept of "sky" implements the values of the visible space above the earth and the equivalent-the religious name paradise, which illustrates the unification of each case of the development of the original meaning by a sign of height, location in the supramundane space. The linguosemiotic variation of the concept of "earth" in the English language picture of the world is associated with its functioning in topographic, legal and agricultural discourses. In the conceptual sphere of the Russian language, the mental unit of the sky provides information of a religious, spatial, physical or climatic nature, while the earth nominates phenomena of an astronomical, administrative-territorial, linguistic, ideal nature. This behavior of each of the pairs allows us to talk about nomination processes motivated by understanding the processes and phenomena of the universe through the prism of naive consciousness, as well as the desire of the language to use existing lexical units to express as many meanings as possible through association mechanisms.
Keywords: webization of concepts, linguoculturology, typology, comparison method, contrastive linguistics, content, concept sphere, semantic behavior, comparative historical linguistics, binary opposition
References:
Glebkin, V.V. (2012). Lexical semantics: cultural-historical approach. Moscow: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives.
Dobrokhotov, A.L. (2016). Philosophy of culture. Moscow: Publishing House of the Higher School of Economics.
Kasevich, V.B. (2013). Cognitive linguistics: in search of identity. Moscow: Languages of Slavic culture.
Kelle, V.Zh. (2011). Intellectual and spiritual principles in culture. Moscow: Institute of Philosophy RAS.
Kudishina, A.A. (2005). Humanism is a phenomenon of modern culture. Moscow: Academic Project.
Kustova, G.I. (2004). Derived value types and language extension mechanisms. Moscow: Languages of Slavic culture.
Mikhailova, O.A. (1998). Restrictions in lexical semantics: Semasiological and linguoculturological aspects. Yekaterinburg: Ural University Press.
Neretina S.S., Ogurtsov A.P., Murzin N.N., & Pavlov-Pinus K.A. (2017). Aporias of discourse. Moscow: Institute of Philosophy RAS.
Nikitin,
Reference:
Ding L.. Russian and Chinese phraseological units of religious themes with components-numerals five, seven and ten // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 7. – P. 108-116. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43595.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43595
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article is devoted to the comparative analysis of the numbering phraseological units with a religious component in the Russian and Chinese linguistic cultures. The object of the study is phraseological units of the Russian and Chinese languages of religious themes containing components-numerals five, seven and ten. The subject of the study is the linguistic and national-cultural features of Russian and Chinese phraseological units with a religious component. In order to identify and describe the similarities and differences in the vision of the world peculiar to the Russian and Chinese peoples, such research methods and techniques as linguistic and cultural analysis, comparative method, descriptive method, etymological analysis, etc. were used. The tasks of this article are carried out with the help of linguistic and cultural analysis of some fragments of the national mentality reflected in the mirror of phraseology. The scientific novelty of the work consists in a detailed study of numeral phraseological units with a religious component in two languages. It seems that Russian phraseological units containing components- the numerals seven and ten, mainly carry a connotative meaning, denoting completeness and perfection. In Chinese, phraseological units with the above components have a closer connection with Taoist teaching than with Buddhism and Confucianism. The comparative study of numeral phraseological units in both languages contributes to the penetration into a different cultural reality, the understanding of the ethnocultural specifics of the numerical code associated with the religious sphere.
Keywords: Confucianism, Christianity, comparative analysis, linguistic picture of the world, religious themes, language and culture, numerical component, phraseological units, Taoism, Buddhism
References:
Bugaeva I. V. (2008). Holidays and their names in the Orthodox sociolect. Social policy and sociology, 1, 218-234.
Gizatullina L. R. (2004). Numerological phraseological units in English and Tatar languages (dissertation). Ufa.
Di Yaoguang, & Kiseleva L. A. (2018). Reflection of ethnocultural originality of numerical symbolism in Russian and Chinese phraseology. Bulletin of BSU. Language, literature, culture, 2, 34-40.
Di Yaoguang, Kiseleva L. A. (2016). Phraseological units with a numerical component in Russian and Chinese languages: linguoculturological aspect. Philological sciences. Questions of theory and practice, 6(60). Part 2. 75-77.
Ermakov N. Y. (1894). Proverbs of the Russian people. St. Petersburg.
Calendar customs and rituals of the peoples of East Asia (1989). Otv. Ed. by R. Sh. Dzharylgasinov, M. V. Kryukov. Moscow: Nauka. The main editorial board of oriental literature.
Lotman Y. M. (2000).
Reference:
Dousti Niri Z.M., Sheykhi Jolandan N.. Semantic analysis of the words denoting the term "reason" in Persian // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 7. – P. 117-125. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43486.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43486
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The term "reason" refers not only to linguistics, but also to a number of other sciences, including philosophy and logic.
In Russian and Persian there are different words denoting the cause. However, each of them has a specific shade of meaning that distinguishes it from the others. These words include: علت ( ellat), سبب ( sabab), and دلیل ( delilah), the reason, cause, etc. And there are also some cases when it is possible to replace these words, and in some cases it is impossible to replace them with each other. This work is devoted to the semantic properties of Persian words denoting the cause, as well as their relationship with similar Russian words. Here we briefly talk about the words that denote the term "reason" in Persian and their relationship, as well as the difference between them, and also compares them with Russian equivalents.
This study will help Russian-speaking students who study Persian in understanding of different Persian words - synonyms, as well as help Russian and Iranian translators to choose an adequate words when translating texts from Russian into Persian and vice versa.
Keywords: causation, synonym, Russian language, footing, linguistics, semantics, Persian language, conditionality, reason, implication
References:
Kondakov, I. N. (1975). Logical dictionary-reference book. Moscow, Russia: Nauka.
Ilyichev L. F.,  Fedoseev P. N.,  Kovalev S. M. &  Panov V. G. (1983). Philosophical Encyclopedic Dictionary. Moscow, Russia: Soviet Encyclopedia.
Ozhegov S. I. & Shvedova N. Yu. (1999). Explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. 4th edition. Moscow, Russia.
Amatov A. M., (2010). Causality in linguistics as a reflection of the philosophical category of causality. Scientific departments. Humanities series, 12, 5-12.
Gavrilova A. S. (2014). Dictionary of synonyms and antonyms of the modern Russian language. Moscow, Russia: Adelant.
Arutyunova N. D. (1999). Language and the human world. 2nd edition. Moscow, Russia: Languages of Russian culture.
Amid H. (2022). Amid Dictionary. Tehran, Iran: Rah-e roshd.  
Moin M. (2018). Moin Encyclopedic Dictionary. Tehran, Iran: Behzad.  
Reference:
Kaverina V., Wang Y.. Criteria for writing compound nouns (contact-hyphen) in modern Russian orthography // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 7. – P. 126-138. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43527.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.7.43527
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is the regularities of the distribution of merged and hyphenated spellings of complex nouns in modern rules. Special attention is paid to identifying the main criteria for the design of the words of the studied group in the "Rules of Russian spelling and punctuation" of 1956, which still have the status of a set of spelling norms of the state language. Since the current rules are outdated, the work also considers the prescriptions of updated, but not having an official status, academic rulebooks: the complete academic handbook of 2006 and the newest electronic resource of OROSS "Spelling commentary of the Russian Dictionary" by E. V. Beshenkova, O. E. Ivanova, E. V. Tenkova. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that for the first time it analyzes the modern rules of spelling of complex nouns and the criteria underlying them. The established inconsistency of codification of these norms originates in the "Rules of Russian Spelling and Punctuation" of 1956 and is further developed in modern reference and educational literature, in particular in the complete academic handbook of 2006. As a result, it is concluded that it is necessary to include in the basic set of spelling rules a section containing the basic rules for distinguishing between merged and hyphenated spellings, set out briefly, simply and clearly.
Keywords: semi - alphabetic writing, making a contact hyphen, difficult words, spelling, hyphenated spellings, merged spellings, Russian spelling, rules, compound nouns, codification
References:
Beshenkova, E. V., & Ivanova, O. E. (2010). Compound nouns and combinations with applications as an object of spelling description. Russian language in scientific coverage, 2, 57–76.
Beshenkova, E. V., & Ivanova, O. E. (2011). Spelling of compound nouns and combinations with an application or invariable definition. Russian letter in the rules with comments (pp. 172–189). Moscow: Azbukovnik Publishing Center.
Beshenkova, E. V., & Ivanova, O. E. (2014). Problems of norm and codification of the spelling of compound nouns. Proceedings of the Institute of the Russian Language named after V. Â. Vinogradov (pp. 119-198). Moscow.
Beshenkova, E. V., & Ivanova, O. E. (2016). Theory and practice of norming Russian writing. Moscow: LEXRUS.
Beshenkova, E. V., & Ivanova, O. E. (2018). Aspect description of Russian orthography. Essays on theory. Rules. Dictionary (p. 567). Moscow: LEXRUS.
Wang Yiming. (2023). Orthogra
Reference:
Savina E.. Legal Metaphors and Figurative Comparisons as a stylistic way of characterizing the Society of Guermantes in M. Proust's novel // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 6. – P. 181-193. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.38408.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.38408
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article examines legal metaphors and figurative comparisons that allow us to imagine the world of the French aristocracy of the period of the Third Republic in M. Proust's novel. The terms of constitutional, administrative, international public and civil law, as well as banking law as part of business law are identified. The author examines Marcel's imaginative understanding of high society through legal concepts. The subject of the study is the specific legal terms of the text. The purpose of this work is to analyze the layers of the artwork, allowing us to present the features of the world of French aristocrats in a republican environment. The article uses methods of semantic, linguistic-stylistic analysis and linguistic commenting. It is shown that the aristocrats' rejection of the Republic is expressed, among other things, through their rejection of the new legal system, and through an ironic attitude towards its institutions. On the contrary, reverence for the cultural stratum of the irrevocably departed period of absolute monarchy is one of the distinctive characteristics of the Guermantes, people of their close social circle and even their servants. Legal terms contrasting these two epochs also introduce a complex and ambiguous antithesis, important for M. Proust's texts as a whole, between what is and what seems. The distrust of the aristocrats of the period of the Third Republic to the new legal reality turns out to be one of the distinctive features that allow them to maintain their clannishness, despite the apparent democracy in choosing a circle of communication and openness to change.
Keywords: legal terms, legal terminology, legal metaphors, legal vocabulary, stylistic techniques, vocabulary of public law, stylistic figures, figurative comparisons, At the Guermantes, Proust 's language
References:
Bezuglova, O. A., Kuznecova, A. A. (2016). Legal Vocabulary at the English Seminars at Linguistic Universities. Philological Sciences. Questions of Theory and Method. Tambov, Gramota Publishing House, 4 (58), in 3 parts, part 1, pp. 177-179.
Gak, V. G., Ganshina, K. A. (2002). New French-Russian Dictionary. Moscow, Russian Language Publishing House, 1195 p.
Galinskaya, I. L. (2014). Marcel Proust. Herald of Culturology, 3 (70), p. 197-198.
Keyun’, D. (2012). Legal Vocabulary in Judicial Speech. Academic Writings of Tavrida National University Named after V. I. Vernadskij. «Philology. Social Communications» Series, Volume 25 (64), 1, part 2, pp. 27-30.
Machkovskij, G. I. (2004). French-Russian Legal Dictionary. Moscow, Russo Publishing House, 437 p.
Nikolaeva, T. M. (2012). What Marcel Proust Has Really Written about? Moscow, Languages of Slavic Culture Publishing House, 128 p.
Judina, E. N. (2005). French Legal Terminology as a Part of the Lexical System of Contemporary French Language
Reference:
Timokhov A.D.. Transcreaction Strategies in Video Game Localisation (based on "Team Fortress 2") // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 6. – P. 194-209. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.38511.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.38511
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article studies transcreation in video game localisation within the modern discursive paradigm, with its focus on Team Fortress 2. The subjects studied are the original (i.e. English) and Russian localisations of the game. The objects of analysis are cases of transcreation, the specifics of transcreation as a phenomenon as well as its patterns with regard to English-Russian localisation. The article analyses and describes examples of cultural adaptation via transcreation, defines and describes the strategies of transcreation, and also seeks to determine the relevance of transcreation regarding video game localisation. As of today, there is a great number of localisation specialists, yet both phenomena of localisation (as whole) and transcreation (in particular, as one of the methods for game content adaptation) lack comprehensive linguistic research. In this respect, the study is novel since it addresses the emerging phenomenon of localisation, thus appealing to new content and introducing new discourse into translation studies. Specifically, the article addresses transcreation as one of the localisation techniques that offers unique requirements to translation both as a process and as a result that differ from the conventional ones in the practice.
Keywords: cultural adaptation, translation strategies, globalisation, language localisation, transcreation, translation studies, translation, video game localisation, internationalisation, video games
References:
Anisimova, A. T. (2018). Phenomenon of computer games in translation discourse. Scientific bulletin of the Southern Institute of Management, 2, 82-86. doi:10.31775/2305-3100-2018-2-82-86
Zinkevich, O.V. (2018). Localization as a process of linguistic transformation of the structure and content of a dynamic text. Izvestiâ Sankt-Peterburgskogo gosudarstvennogo èkonomičeskogo universiteta, 3 (111), 135-137.
Znamerovscaia, A. O., Ageeva, A. V. (2021). Interdisciplinarity as Key Characteristic of Video Games Localisation Process. Philology. Theory & Practice, 1, 218-222. doi:10.30853/phil210006
Chistova, E. V. (2020). Theoretical status of interlanguage localization as a special type of translation activity. Culture and text, 2 (42), 161-175. doi:10.37386/2305-4077-2020-3-161-175
Bolotina, M. A., Kuzmina, E. V. (2019). Ëåêñè÷åñêèå ïðîáëåìû ïåðåâîäà êîìïüþòåðíûõ èãð [Lexical hurdles in game localisation]. IKBFU's Vestnik. Philology, pedagogy, and psychology, 1, 43-50.
Bricheva, M.
Reference:
Alexeeva M.. Animacy and Referential Status as Factors of Asymmetric Object Marking in Modern Hebrew (based on Interrogative and Relative Pronouns) // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 6. – P. 210-220. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40740.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40740
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The goal of this study is to confirm a correlation between the asymmetric object marking in Modern Hebrew and two factors that license the marking of the referential expression its encoding, namely “referential status” and “animation”. To achieve this goal, interrogative and relative pronouns that encode the O-participant in a transitive clause in the Hebrew language, are considered. They constitute the subject of the study and justify its scientific novelty, since this type of referential expressions encoding the patient participant of the situation in Modern Hebrew has not been the subject of research until now. To conduct a quantitative and comparative analysis, the author formed an experimental Hebrew Objects Targeted Corpus, with a volume of about 49,000 words. As a result of the study, it was concluded that there is a correlation between the asymmetric object marking, referential status and animation in Modern Hebrew. The study showed that the asymmetric object marking of referents encoded by interrogative pronouns in the vast majority of cases (98%) is regulated by the animacy of the referent, while the variability of the marking of referents encoded by relative pronouns is licensed both by the animacy and the referential status of the object. A hypothesis was also put forward about the existence of an additional factor that licenses the asymmetric object marking of interrogative and relative pronouns, which lies in the area of pragmatic characteristics of the statement, in particular, the degree of topicality of the referent encoding the patient participant in the situation.
Keywords: accusative, corpus analysis, interrogative pronouns, relative pronouns, animacy, referential status, Modern Hebrew, object marking, pronouns, referent
References:
Arkadiev, P. M. (2008). Theory of case marking in the light of the data of two-case systems. Problems of Linguistics, 5, 34-62. Retrieved from https://vja.ruslang.ru/ru/archive/2008-5/34-62
Lyutikova, E. A., Zimmerling, & A. V., Ronko, R. V. (2016). Differentiated marking of arguments: morphology, semantics, syntax. Questions of linguistics, 6, 113-127. doi:10.31857/S0373658X0001068-3
Lyutikova, E. A. (2017). Differentiated marking of arguments in formal case models. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Proceedings of the Institute for Linguistic Research, 3, Volume XIII, 11-40. Retrieved from https://alp.iling.spb.ru/static/alp_XIII_3.pdf
Paducheva, E. V. (1985). Statement and its correlation with reality. Moscow: Nauka.
Serdobolskaya, N. V., & Toldova, S. Yu. (2012). Differentiated marking of the direct object in the Finno-Ugric languages. Finno-Ugric languages: fragments of a grammatical description. Formal and functional approaches (pp. 59-142). Mosco
Reference:
Gurkova A.V.. Lexical indicators of exaggeration and understatement of the time of the English language (based on the material of literary texts) // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 6. – P. 108-116. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.43433.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.43433
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is the exaggeration and understatement of the phenomenon in the modern English art text. The object of the study are nouns that act as a means of depicting an exaggerated and understated time continuum. The author examines in detail the semantics of such lexemes as second, minute, moment, year, hour, day, age and their changes within the framework of combinations with other lexical units, during which time intervals are stretched or narrowed. Special attention is paid to the presence of dictionary and author's phrases in the fiction text of the fiction genre, their quantitative calculation and analysis of the frequency of use.
The novelty of the research lies in the search for new non-dictionary and author's phrases that are able to reflect time in terms of its exaggeration and understatement. Such an image of time affects the description of the hero, their actions, the characteristics of not only places, but also specific characters. A special flow of time in the context of a fiction genre literary text is caused by a different flow of the time continuum. The main conclusions of the study are the identification of a high frequency of the use of non-dictionary phrases for exaggeration and understatement of time, as well as a change in the meaning of dictionary phrases that are enclosed in the context of a dicteme that allows to expand the semantics of the proposed vocabulary combination of lexemes.
Keywords: continuum, hyperbolization, context, dictema, noun, lexeme, understatement of time, exaggeration of time, non-dictionary phrases, dictionary phrases
References:
Barkhudarov L. S., (2009). Essays on the morphology of the modern English language. Moscow: LIBROCOM.
Bloch M.Ya., (1976). Questions of studying the grammatical structure of the language. Moscow.
Bloch M.Ya., (2000). Dictema in the level structure of language. Questions of linguistics.
Brunner K., (2010). History of the English language. Moscow: LKI Publishing House.
Vorontsova G. N., (1960). Essays on the grammar of the English language. Moscow: Publishing House of letters.
Gaidenko P.P., (2006). Time. Duration. Eternity. The problem of time in European philosophy and Science. Moscow: Progress-Tradition.
Gak V.G., (1997). Space of time. In Logical analysis of language: Language and time. Ed. by N.D. Arutyunova, T.E. Yanko. Moscow: Indrik.
Gurevich A.Ya., (1972). Categories of medieval culture. Ch. I. Moscow: Art.
Gurkova A.V., (2021). Category of artistic time. Kazan
Reference:
Sotnikova E.E., Popova L.G.. Structural types of secondary anthroponyms in English and Russian journalistic texts. // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 6. – P. 221-230. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40801.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40801
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The object of this study is the secondary anthroponyms of the Russian and English languages. The subject of the proposed work is the structural design of anthroponyms in the Russian and American press. The relevance of the research topic is due to the increasing interest of modern linguists in studying the specifics of the functioning of secondary anthroponyms in journalistic texts as an actual source reflecting the main properties and specifics of the use of these lexical units, as well as the lack of a sufficient number of works currently studying secondary anthroponyms from the proposed position. In their research, the authors used the following research methods: semantic analysis, structural analysis, comparative method, quantitative method, modeling method. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that it reveals for the first time the structural types of secondary anthroponyms used in journalistic texts of Russian and American media in a comparative aspect. As a result of the work carried out, information was obtained that, both in Russian and American journalistic texts, the most common form of secondary anthroponyms are anthroponyms-phrases. In addition, it was found that in the publications of the American media, secondary anthroponyms– abbreviations in comparison with the Russian press do not find their application. The practical value of the work consists in the possibility of applying the results of the study in the practice of teaching English as a foreign language when working with journalistic texts at a university.
Keywords: abbreviation, derivative word, simple non-derivative word, compound word, cryptonym, nickname, word combination, publicistic text, second anthroponym, structural model
References:
Boyko, L.B. (2015). On the structure of the anthroponym and its functioning in Russian and English. Vestnik Baltiiskogo federalnogo universiteta im. I. Kanta, 2, 14-22.
Vikulova, L.G., Novikov, N.V. (2015). Formation of a negative image of a politician in mass media discourse: the subject area of sports. Vestnik Moscovskovo gorodskogo nedagogicheskogo universiteta. Seriya: «Philologiya. Òeoriya yazyka.Yazykovoe obrazovanie», 3(19), 42–49.
Gromyhina, À.À. (2009). Secondary names in the system of nominative units of the language. Current issues in philology and pedagogical linguistics, 11, 226-230.
Suychgyn, L. (2021). Animal names in modern Russian anthroponyms. Penza.
Òålia, V.N. (1977). Secondary nomination and its types. Language nomination: types of names.
Tomashevskaya, L.A. (1985). The structure of the meaning of anthroponyms in Modern English: semant
Reference:
Li T.. Translation ethics in the light of the Chinese ecological model of translation // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 6. – P. 69-78. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40997.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40997
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: Translation is a kind of cross-cultural interaction of people, and ethical relations have existed since the emergence of human relations. The main task of the translator is to coordinate relations between different cultures, languages and subjects of translation, therefore, the role of the translator is closely linked to ethics from the very beginning of the translation activity, and the activities and duties of the translator are carried out ethically consciously. The purpose of the study is to describe the study of translation ethics in China and a detailed study of translation ethics from the point of view of the ecological model of translation. The author shows how erroneous translations can be caused by the irresponsible behavior of translators due to their incorrect ethical views and values. In this process, the author uses an analytical method and a comparative method. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that, theoretically, it is necessary to continue improving the value and ethical aspects of the ecological model of translation; as for the existing problem of incorrect translation, according to the author, efforts should be made to create a beneficial cycle of translation ecology. Against the background of numerous research perspectives, the science of translation attaches importance to translators, returns to ethics and focuses on relationships and behavior in the system of moral values. The results of the study are important for the improvement of the Chinese translation, the development of translation theory and the training of translators.
Keywords: translation process, translation value, translation ecology, translation community, responsibility, interpreter, translation ecomodel, translation ecology theory, translation ethics, selection and adaptation
References:
Garbovskii N.K. (2007). Teoriya perevoda: uchebnik. 2-e izd. M.: Izdatel'stvo Moskovskogo universiteta.
Garbovskii N.K., & Kostikova O.I. (2018) Perevod i obshchestvo. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 22. Teoriya perevoda, 1, 17-40. Izdatel'stvo Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta
Li Tszyasin'. (2022). Skhodstva i razlichiya mezhdu ehkoperevodovedeniem i zapadnymi teoriyami perevoda. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Seriya 22. Teoriya perevoda, 2, 26-43. Izdatel'stvo Izd-vo Mosk. un-ta
Khu Gehn'shehn'. (2004). An Attempt at Translation Theory Research – An Empirical Investigation of Translation Adaptation Selection Theory, Foreign Languages and Foreign Language Teaching, 4, 40-44．
Khu Gehnshehn'. (2013). Ecological Translation - Constructing and Interpreting. The Commercial Press.
Khu Chehn'yao. (2022). On the Philosophical Implications of Bellman's Ethical Thought on Trans
Reference:
Shagbanova K.S.. "Emotion" in the Russian and English language pictures of the world // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 6. – P. 98-107. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.41025.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.41025
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article describes the functioning of the concepts "emotion" in Russian and English. Emotion as a phenomenon of reality has a multifaceted logical nature, is culturally, lexically and axiologically conditioned. The structure of concepts that can be evaluated as equivalents formalizes the categorization and conceptualization of reality, shows a predisposition to interact with cross-cultural concepts. The existing reality is reflected by a set of nuclear and peripheral meanings of the concept "emotion". The meanings of words illustrate the presence of main and secondary signs, monocentricity and predisposition to the formation of diverse associative connections, which determines the boundaries of semantic variation of the word. In the English language picture of the world, the verbalization of the concept of "emotion" shows signs of a behavior marker, properties of a liquid substance, assessments of cultural life events, a space with a depth characteristic. In the Russian corpus of texts, based on the conducted sampling, the following cases of values were recorded: an attribute of behavior, someone's belonging, an obstacle, a device that can be turned off, an indicator of strong arousal. The author states that the theoretical provisions of the cognitive approach allow us to confidently speak about the correlation of the concept under consideration not only with feelings, but also with reason. In the course of the structural and semantic analysis of the presented constructions, a number of meanings of the polysemantic structure of this formation are revealed in the English-speaking and Russian-speaking semantic space.
Keywords: emotion, comparative historical linguistics, abstract name, mental image, polysemy, semantics, ambiguity, derivation, concept sphere, semantic structure
References:
Aksenov, V. Mysterious passion [Electronic resource]. Retrieved from https://libcat.ru/knigi/proza/sovremennaya-proza/63408-vasilij-aksenov-tainstvennaya-strast-roman-o-shestidesyatnikah-avtorskaya-versiya.html
Belousova, V. The second shot [Electronic resource]. Retrieved from https://www.livelib.ru/book/1000741061-vtoroj-vystrel-sbornik-vera-belousova?ysclid=lj0mxghpc9102170650
Glebkin, V.V. (2012). Lexical semantics: cultural-historical approach. Moscow: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives.
Dobrokhotov, A.L. (2016). Philosophy of culture. Moscow: ID HSE.
Kasevich, V.B. (2013). Cognitive linguistics: in search of identity. Moscow: Languages of Slavic culture.
Kelle, V.Zh. (2005). Intellectual and spiritual principles in culture. Moscow: IFRAN.
Kudishina, A.A. (2005). Humanism is a phenomenon of modern culture. Moscow: Academic Project.
Kustova, G.I. (2004). Derived value types and language extension mech
Reference:
Orlova T.. Structural and semantic features and national specificity of English and Russian proverbs with the meaning "foresight", "caution". // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 6. – P. 231-244. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40999.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.6.40999
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of this study is the structural and semantic features of English and Russian proverbs with the meanings of "foresight", "caution". Proverbs with the meanings "foresight", "caution" have not been sufficiently studied in terms of revealing their meaning and describing their structural and semantic characteristics. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time the general and unique meanings of English and Russian proverbs of this thematic group were considered in a comparative aspect, as well as an analysis of syntactic structures and a semantic analysis of the lexical components of proverbs and an analysis of figurative and expressive means reflecting their national and cultural identity were made. The results of the study can be used in the process of teaching English, as well as the basis for a deeper comparative study of the proverbs of the two languages of this thematic group. The study used descriptive and comparative methods, functional-stylistic analysis, structural and syntactic analysis. In the course of the analysis, we revealed the following pattern: in most of the presented thematic groups there are proverbs close in meaning that are not equivalents. They use the same syntactic structures (imperative sentences, complex sentences with subordinate conditions, time clause, subordinate concessions and subordinate attributive clauses, syntactic compression: ellipsis, incompleteness of sentences, non-conjunction, as well as complex sentences with an adversative meaning) and similar expressive techniques (antithesis, comparison, oxymoron, tautology, allegory, metaphor, including personifying metaphor), while differing in lexical content (emotional and expressive, evaluative vocabulary, vocabulary associated with the realities of everyday life, zoonyms, somatisms, archaisms). These differences are due to the peculiarities of climate, life, traditions, as well as the environment of their occurrence, which, on the one hand, indicates the universality of human experience, and on the other hand, indicates the national specificity of the thinking of the two peoples.
Keywords: structural and semantic analysis, comparative analysis, figurative and expressive means, Russian proverbs, English proverbs, figurative meaning, lexical components, syntactic structure, stylistic colouring, national and cultural specificity
References:
Voropaeva, V.A. (2007). Comparative characteristic of English, German and Russian paroemias and phraseological units expressing tolerance: Author's abstract. of dis. ... cand. of philol. sciences. Moscow.
Telia, V.N. (1993). Cultural and national connotations of phraseological units (From worldview to world perception). In Slavic Linguistics. Reports of the Russian delegation, 30–69. Moscow.
Mieder, W. (2008). «Proverbs Speak Louder Than Words»: Folklore Wisdom in Art, Culture, Folklore, History, Literature and Mass Media. Peter Lang Publishing, Inc., NY.
Degener, A. (2022). Family relationships in proverbs from Northern Pakistan. Proverbium - Yearbook, vol. 39, 1, 1-28. doi:10.29162/pv.39.1.56
Mokienko, V.M. (2010). Modern paremiology (linguistic aspects). The World of the Russian Word, 3, 6–20.
Levin, Y.I. (1984). Proverbial space. Paremiological research: Collection of articles, 108–126. Moscow.
Reference:
Lobanova T.N., Sivova D.. Linguistic aspect of information wars in mass media discourse // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 5. – P. 143-152. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.37866.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.37866
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: Recently the process of active informatization of society and globalization of the world information space has been observed. The consequence of this process is different kids of Information Wars, where the mass media plays the main and the most important role. The immersion of an increasing part of humanity into the virtual world of media in the age of digitalization generates a high demand for the creation of information and cyber warfare. If the main tool of the information war is the media, then the main tool of the media is language. The subject of the study is the language functioning in the mechanisms of information wars. The main content of the research is the analysis of the concept of "information war" from a linguistic point of view. Theoretical analysis of literature, media linguistic analysis, methods of critical linguistics, etc. are used as research methods. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is a media linguistic study involving foreign scientific concepts (English), untranslated and unpublished in Russian. The article provides a number of clarifications and additions to the existing theories of information warfare with the involvement of linguistic and political science textures. A systematic, versatile and detailed description of the current state and changes that have occurred in linguistics over the past ten years in the light of the conceptualization of the phenomenon of "information war" is presented. Based on the results of the study, the concept of information warfare in mass media discourse is revealed, and a comprehensive method for studying this phenomenon is proposed.
Keywords: media text, information and psychological warfare, critical discourse analysis, information vaccine wars, Mass media, media linguistics, media discourse, mass media discourse, discourse analysis, information warfare
References:
Belova N.E. (2015) Main features of the information warfare discourse. Privolzhskij nauchnyj vestnik, 75–78.
Bernackaya A. A. , Gornostaeva YU. A. , Evseeva I. V. (2020) Linguistics of information-psychological warfare. Book III: monography; A. P. Skovorodnikova. Krasnoyarsk, 340
Borisov A. B (2012) Big Law Dictionary. Knizhnyj mir, 216-217.
Vasil'ev A.D., Podsohin F.E. (2016) Information Warfare: Linguistic Aspect. Political Linguistics, 10–16.
Grinyaev S.N. (2000) Information warfare: history, present day and prospects. SPb., Arlit, 14-17.
Dobrosklonskaya T. G. (2006) Media discourse as an object of linguistics and intercultural communication. Moscow State University, Vol 10, 20-21.
Kozhemyakin E.A. (2010) Mass communication and media discourse: research of the methodology // Nauchnye vedomosti Belgorodskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Vol: Gumanitarnye nauki, 16.
Lobanova T.N. (2019) Foreign Policy Issues in the Chinese Political Media Discourse: Linguistic Analysis (on
Reference:
Tarasova K.E.. Formation of Scottish Ethnic Identity through the Historical and Social Events // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 5. – P. 227-239. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.39732.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.39732
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The present article represents the process of formation and development of the Scottish identity through the events that have been occurring since IIIrd century. The aim of the research is the study of the ethnic identity development as emotional and cognitive process of identification with the ethnos. The article is based on the foreign and Russian researchers’ studies covering issues about Scottish history, ethnic identities, text pertaining to the important historic events that influenced the ethnic identity formation and articles written by Scottish sociologists as members of the ethnic group. On the basis of definitional, conceptual and event history analyses sphere of concepts SCOTTISH IDENTITY is formulated. The conclusion about the existence of two types of identity (ethnic and national) in the Scots consciousness is formulated. Event history analysis shows the emergence of the ethnic identity, that is changes in the identifications in the course of historical events and life conditions. The relevance in the research is in the formation of the ethnic identity representation in the Scots consciousness in the frame of its long period of formation and development. This article is of interest because of the second referendum on Scottish independence that is planned to be held in autumn 2023.
Keywords: ethnic conflict, Scottish nationalism, nationalism, ethnic consciousness, conceptual worldview, Scotland, ethnic identity, conceptual analysis, concept, Cognitive Linguistics
References:
Arakin, V.D. (2003). The history of the English language. Moscow: FIZMATLIT. 272 p. (In Russ.)
Achkasov, V.A. (2012). Ethnic and national identities in the modern world. Vestnik of Saint Petersburg University. Political science. International Relations, 1, 85-91
German, N.F. (2012). Linguistic parameters of a person's linguistic and cultural identity in a modern crosscultural communication. Linguistic aspects of a person's identity research. Ed. by E.N. Aznacheeva. Chelyabinsk: Entsiklopediya. P. 8-42
Istoriya angliiskoi literatury (1943). V. I. Ed. by M.P. Alekseeva. Moscow-Leningrad, USSR Academy of Sciences Publishing House. URL: http://svr-lit.ru/svr-lit/istoriya-anglijskoj-literatury/index.htm (accessed: 05.02.2023)
Kubryakova, E.S., Demyankov, E.S., Pankrats, Yu.G., Luzina, L.G. (1997). Compendious dictionary of cognitive terms. Moscow:Faculty of Philology of Moscow State University.
Leontev, D.A., Saveleva, D. A. Identity. Great Russian Encyclopedia. URL: https://bigenc.ru/philosop
Reference:
Shagbanova K.S.. Semantic structure of the concept "patriotism" through the prism of linguocognitivistics // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 5. – P. 1-9. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40613.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40613
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The verbalization of the concept of "patriotism" is a fairly common phenomenon in the sociolinguistic space. In this regard, there is no doubt that the meaningful behavior of the structure of the sema patriotism and its derivatives is a subject of scientific interest. Being international in use, the lexeme representing the presented concept has semantic correlates in regions with different forms of government (for example, allegiance), historical and spiritual baggage. The author notes that the seme patriotism is predisposed to the explicative formation of a whole spectrum of meanings capable of accommodating lexemes within a specific context in the content space, both direct, primary meaning and secondary, projective meanings fixed in communicative practice. The author states that the semantic structure of the presented concept is characterized by a connotatively positive use, transmitting to the addressee not only a system of values, but also characterizing a class of people (patriots). The article states that the associative space of the presented unit of language and its derivatives is anthropocentric, and the implicitly present structural elements find expression in implicates that make the realization of the nuclear meaning in one of its many variants unique. The research is based on the methodological foundations and principles of the analysis of language as a mirror of national culture, developed in modern cognitive linguistics.
Keywords: content potential, interpretation, concept, patriot, patriotism, derivation, semantic structure, discursive meanings, semantics, cognitive linguistics
References:
Glebkin, V.V. (2012). Lexical semantics: cultural-historical approach. M.: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives. 256 p.
Denikin, A.I. (1925). Essays on Russian Troubles. T. IV. Armed Forces of the South of Russia. Berlin: Slovo. 248 p. [DX Reader version]. Retrieved from: http://rushist.com/index.php/denikin-4/800-9-tragediya-dona-i-ukhod-atamana-krasnova
Dobrokhotov, A.L. (2016). Philosophy of culture. M.: Publishing House "Higher School of Economics". 560 p.
Kasevich, V.B. (2013). Cognitive linguistics: in search of identity. M.: Languages of Slavic culture. 185 p.
Kasevich, V.B. (2019). Problems of semantics. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg. un-ta. 304 p.
Kelle, V.Zh. (2011). Intellectual and spiritual principles in culture. M.: IF RAN, 2011. 218 p.
Knyazeva, M. (2023). Patriotism in Russia: how to put your spiritual world in order [DX Reader version]. https://www.mk.ru/social/2023/03/12/patriotizm-v-rossii-kak-privesti-v-poryadok-svoy-dushevnyy-mir. html
Reference:
Alexeeva M.. Referential Expression Type and Definiteness as Factors in Asymmetrical Object Marking in Modern Hebrew // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 5. – P. 27-36. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40702.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40702
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of this study are the referential expressions that encode the O-participant in a transitive clause in the Modern Hebrew language. The goal of this study is to establish the significance of “definiteness” as a factor in asymmetric object marking for different types of referential expressions used by the Modern Hebrew speakers. For this purpose, the author considers the ways of expressing the category "definiteness" in various Modern Hebrew referential expressions that encode the O-participant in a transitive clause, and carries out a quantitative and comparative analysis of the ways of formalizing these expressions, using two research corpuses with a total volume of about 101 000 words. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that, despite the clear correlation between the “definiteness” and the way noun phrases in the direct object role are constructed, “definiteness” is the only factor licensing asymmetric object marking for only one category out of the four considered, for proper names that are obligatorily marked. The remaining categories (definite noun phrases with other indicators of determination, indefinite noun phrases and pronouns) are all optionally marked within one or more types of referential expressions within each category. Of particular importance are the conclusions about the optional marking of referents encoded with the kol quantifier (55% of referential expressions with a quantifier and a relative pronoun are marked), partitive constructions (75% are marked), demonstrative and relative pronouns (48% and 66-85% are marked, respectively). It is proposed that for these types of referential expressions, there are additional factors that license asymmetric object marking in Modern Hebrew and that to determine them it would require further study of the discourse-pragmatic characteristics of referent-encoding expressions, including their referential status, status of animation, activity in discourse and degree of topicality.
Keywords: comparative analysis, definiteness, quantitative analysis, referential expression, referent, discourse-pragmatic motivations, corpus analysis, accusative, Modern Hebrew, object marking
References:
Voeikova, M. D. (2015). Introduction. Petersburg School of Functional Grammar: history, current state and directions of development. Acta Linguistica Petropolitana. Proceedings of the Institute for Linguistic Research No. 1. Pp. 3-17. Retrieved from https://www.hse.ru/data/2015/07/25/1085861409/alp_XI_1.pdf
Kibrik, A. A., Plungyan, V. A. (2016). Functionalism. A. A. Kibrik, I. M. Kobozeva, I. A. Sekerina (eds.). Contemporary American Linguistics. Fundamental directions. 4th ed. URSS. Pp. 276-339.
Ronko R. V. Nominative object in the Old Russian language and North Russian dialects in the areal and typological perspective: dissertation ... candidate of philological sciences: 10.02.20 / Ronko Roman Vitalievich; [Place of protection: Institute of Linguistics RAS]. M., 2018. 136 p.
Serdobolskaya, N. V., Toldova, S. Y. (2012). Differential marking of direct object in Finno-Ugric languages. Finno-Ugric languages: fragments of a grammatical description. Formal and functional approaches. Moscow: Languages
Reference:
Pishcherskaia E.N.. Creolized text as an object of study in linguistics // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 5. – P. 55-65. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40748.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40748
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: Linguistics as a science is constantly developing and expanding its boundaries, including in its competence all new objects of research. One of such objects is a creolized text, which is a special kind of communicative phenomenon consisting of signs of different semiotic systems. Creolized text is actively used in various spheres of public life, including advertising, media, art, education, etc. The article is devoted to the creolized text as an object of study in linguistics. The object of research in this article is a creolized text. The purpose of this article is to consider the creolized text as an object of study in linguistics through the analysis of published studies. The methodological basis and material of the study were the classical works of domestic and foreign scientists on the problems of text theory, paralinguistics, semiotics, communicative linguistics and linguoculturology, as well as recent studies, the object of study of which were creolized or polycode texts. The author defines the concept of a creolized text, highlights the specific characteristics of a creolized text compared to a single-code text, describes the main scientific approaches to the analysis of a creolized text and research methods. The article presents an overview of classical scientific works devoted to the analysis of creolized text, as well as studies published in recent years. The author concludes that the creolized text is a complex and multifaceted object of study in linguistics, which reflects the trends in the development of modern society and culture and allows expanding the boundaries of linguistic knowledge and understanding of language as a means of communication.
Keywords: creolization, discourse, advertising, semiotics, text structure, nonverbal code, verbal code, polycode text, creolized text, multimodality
References:
Anisimova, E.E. (2003) Linguistics of the text and intercultural communication (based on the material of creolized texts). – M.: Academy.
Balakina, I. A. & Kuzina, Yu. V. (2023) Linguocultural type in the English-language creolized text as a tool for the implementation of the discrediting strategy in political discourse. Political Linguistics, ¹ 2(98), – pp. 38-47. Retrieved from https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_51962154_56595437.pdf
Barova, A.G. (2022) Features of translation of creolized German-language texts (based on the material of the German youth satirical online magazines “Eulenspiegel” and “Titanic”). Bulletin of the Moscow State Regional University, No.(4), pp. 18-27. Retrieved from https://elibrary.ru/download/elibrary_49499393_37374856.pdf
Bart, R. (2008) The zero degree of writing. Semiotics. —M.: Academic project
Bernatskaya, A. A. (2014) Linguistics of the text. Effective speech communication (basic competencies) : Dictionary-reference. Krasnoyarsk : Siberian Federal Univer
Reference:
Ren J.. The specifics of lexicographic representation of phraseological units in the "Russian-English Phraseological Dictionary" edited by S. Lubenskaya // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 5. – P. 77-88. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40769.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40769
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article is devoted to the study of the specifics of the lexicographic representation of the dictionary "Russian-English phraseological Dictionary" edited by S. Lubenskaya. Its comparative analysis with similar Russian-English phraseological dictionaries is carried out in the aspects of 1) the volume of the dictionary and 2) the lexicographic description of the phraseological units included in their dictionary entries. Russian phraseological units are considered, their English equivalents are identified, with an emphasis on the comparative analysis of the subject nouns of Russian phraseological units and their analogues in English equivalents. Special attention is paid to the structure of the dictionary article and the lexicographic representation of phraseological units in the dictionary of S. Lubenskaya, the parameters of Russian phraseological units are considered, their English equivalents are identified with an emphasis on the comparative analysis of the subject nouns of Russian phraseological units and their analogues in English equivalents. The purpose of the study is to compare the dictionary of S. Lubenskaya with other Russian-English phraseological dictionaries and to identify the specifics of the lexicographic description of phraseological units in the dictionary of S. Lubenskaya. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that in the article the author draws attention to the most complete and innovative, but little-studied Russian-English phraseological dictionary edited by S. Lubenskaya, published in 2013. The article fully demonstrates the advantages of S. Lubenskaya's dictionary over other bilingual phraseological dictionaries not only in terms of the range of coverage of materials, that is, the volume of the dictionary, but also in the completeness of the structure of the dictionary entry and a high degree of accuracy and detail of the presentation of the material. The article also notes the importance of S. Lubenskaya's dictionary for further and comprehensive research of Russian and English phraseological lexicography.
Keywords: lexicographic representation, vocabulary volume, phraseological dictionary, phraseological unit, accuracy, detail, Russian language, completeness, dictionary entry, English language
References:
Baranov A.N., Dobrovolsky D.O. (2015). Academic dictionary of Russian phraseology. Moscow. Russia: LEXRUS. 1168 p.
Baranov A.N., Dobrovolsky D.O. (2019). Fundamentals of phraseology (short course): Textbook. Moscow. Russia: FLINT. 312 p.
Birikh A.K., Mokienko V.M., Stepanova L.I. (1998) Dictionary of Russian phraseology. Historical and etymological reference book. St. Peterburg. Russia: Folio-Press. 700 p.
Bokrovsky P. (1973). The great Russian-English dictionary of idioms and set expressions. London: Borkowski. 384 p.
Vinogradov V.V. (1977). On the main types of phraseological units in the Russian language in Vinogradov V.V. (Eds.), Lexicology and lexicography: selected works (pp. 140-161). Moscow. Russia: Science.
Vinogradov V.V. (1946). Basic concepts of Russian phraseology as a linguistic discipline in S. D. Balukhaty, P. N. Berkov (Eds.), Proceedings of the anniversary scientific session of the Leningrad State University of Leningrad (pp. 45-69). Leningrad: Leningrad University Press.
Reference:
Sidorova E.N.. The explication of the notional part of the concept "gardening" in the British detectives of the XIX century // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 5. – P. 240-248. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40815.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.5.40815
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: Within the framework of this article, the author examines in detail the structure of the hyperconcept "Englishness", paying special attention to the concept of "gardening" included in it, which is most widely represented in British detectives of the XIX century. Using the continuous sampling method, its conceptual component was analyzed. The selected examples are classified according to the representation of the "garden" frame, which is verbalized using such hyperonyms as "flowers", "trees", as well as through the lexemes "grass", "plants". A special role in the detectives of the XIX century is played by the lexeme "rose" as part of the hyperonym "flowers". The following works served as material: "Moonstone" by W. Collins, "A Study in crimson tones" by A. K. Doyle, "Ignorance of Father Brown" by G. K. Chesterton.   The author's main contribution to the study of the hyperconcept "Englishness" can be considered an analysis of the representation of the hyperconcept by studying one of its constituent concepts, in our case, the concept of "gardening". Since today most researchers study the complex concept of "Englishness", guided by the techniques of cultural and literary approaches, the relevance of this study is that it is carried out in a linguistic way. As a result, it was concluded that gardening is an integral part of English life, which is verbalized in British detectives of the XIX century. The English people have a special love for roses, which are also represented in the concept of "gardening".
Keywords: world view, English language, mentality, detective, gardening, frame, hyperconcept, Englishness, concept, representation
References:
Wierzbicka A. (2001). Understanding Cultures Through Their Keywords, Slavic Languages, 288 ð.
Karavaeva D. N. (2014). Àíãëèéñêîñòü: äèñêóðñ èäåíòè÷íîñòè: íà ìàòåðèàëàõ ñîâðåìåííîé Ñåâåðíîé Àíãëèè [Englishness: discourse of identity: on the materials of modern Northern England] : dissertation. Retrieved from: https://www.dissercat.com/content/angliiskost-diskurs-identichnosti-na-materialakh-sovremennoi-severnoi-anglii
Karasik V. I. (2004). ßçûêîâîé êðóã: ëè÷íîñòü, êîíöåïòû, äèñêóðñ [Language circle: personality, concepts, discourse], Gnosis, 390 ð.
Klintsova Y. V. (2007). Ëåêñèêî-ñåìàíòè÷åñêèå è êîãíèòèâíî-äåðèâàöèîííûå àñïåêòû ãèïåðêîíöåïòà "Êðàñîòà": íà ìàòåðèàëå àíãëèéñêîãî è ðóññêîãî ÿçûêîâ [Lexical-semantic and cognitive derivational aspects of the hyperconcept "Beauty" : on the material of English and Russian languages] : dissertation. Retrieved from: https://www.dissercat.com/content/leksiko-semanticheskie-i-kognitivno-derivatsionnye-aspekty-gi
Reference:
Kravchenko M.A.. Metalanguage reflection in modern advertising, or when metatext is more important than text // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 4. – P. 118-130. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.37948.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.37948
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article considers the advertising language as a specific linguistic phenomenon, the main characteristics of which are creativity, interactivity, expressiveness, culturogenicity, intertextuality and polycode.
These characteristics of the advertising language, which determine its uniqueness, were the result of the influence of external and internal factors. An external factor is the pragmatic nature of advertising, which manifests itself in its suggestive orientation. The internal factor determining the uniqueness of the advertising language is the orientation of the producer to the code. The advertiser consciously and carefully selects the method of encoding the message, so the creation of the advertising text takes place in the process of deep metalanguage reflection: creolized texts of modern advertising are permeated with metalanguage contexts. The analysis of the corpus of examples of modern advertising texts, taking into account the assumptions put forward, allows us to conclude that a high concentration of meta-texts is one of the main defining features of advertising discourse. The objectives of this article are to identify and manifest the key characteristics of the advertising language; to resolve the question of how legitimate the very fact of distinguishing the "advertising language" as a specific linguistic construct can be considered; to determine the key parameter that forms the "superstructure" of the advertising language over the basis of natural language.
The key characteristics of the advertising language are determined by the communicative orientation of advertising texts. The latter is purely pragmatic in nature. The main purpose of the advertising text is to have an effective impact on the recipient. Moreover, this effect is characterized as indirect, having a manipulative nature. The suggestiveness of advertising is perceived as its immanent property and basic category. At the center of the study of the language of modern advertising is the problem of the correlation of text and metatext. Metalanguage reflection plays a great role in the creation of advertising texts. Creolized texts of modern advertising are permeated with metalanguage contexts. A high concentration of meta-texts is one of the main features of discourse. For the advertising discourse, this feature is decisive.
Keywords: polycode, intertextuality, culturogenicity, creativity, metatext, creolized text, metalanguage reflection, advertising text, communication space, advertising discourse
References:
Dridze T. M. Textual activity in the structure of social communication. M., 1984.-268 p.
Sorokin Yu. A., Tarasov E. F. Creolized texts and their communicative function // Optimization of speech impact. M., 1990. – pp.180-186.
Feshchenko L. G. The structure of the advertising text. St. Petersburg, 2003. – 232 p.
Yagodkina M.V. Advertising language as a means of forming virtual reality. Abstract of the diss. for the degree of Doctor of Philology. SPb. 2009. – 32 p.
Yezhova E.N. Media advertising picture of the world: structure, semiotics, broadcast channels. Abstract of the diss. for the degree of Doctor of Philology. sciences. Voronezh, 2010. – 40 p.
Sharafutdinova L.F. Metalanguage potential of natural language (based on the material of creolized texts). Diss. for the degree of Candidate of Philology. sciences. Kaliningrad, 2010. – 210 p.
Zirka V.V. Manipulative games in advertising: Linguistic aspect. M., 2014. – 260 p.
Dmitrieva L.M., Tkachenko N.V. Creativity and advertising cre
Reference:
Boyarkina A.A.. Representation of the Green Color in Journalistic Texts by English and German Nouns and Verbs // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 4. – P. 131-144. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.39149.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.39149
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The purpose of the proposed work is to identify similarities and differences in the manifestation of green symbolism in English and German journalistic texts, the sources of which were online media. The subject of the study is the semantics of English and German nouns and verbs representing the green color in the compared languages. The symbolism of this color designation was chosen due to its insufficient study in the framework of comparative linguistics. In this article, based on the material of lexicographic sources, the dictionary meanings of these lexemes are determined, which can display the symbolism of the studied color in journalistic texts in English and German. The scientific novelty of this study is that for the first time it establishes similarities and differences in the transmission of green symbolism through nouns and verbs on the material of modern English and German journalistic texts. It was found that in English texts, in comparison with German texts, a greater number of nouns denoting green are used. In the course of the study, the comparative method, the method of semantic analysis, the modeling method, the quantitative method and the method of component analysis were used. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that in English journalistic texts, the symbolism of the green color, represented by nouns and verbs, is used to neutralize the green color of objects of material reality. In addition, the green color is able to display the positive symbolism of the permission of the requested action, environmental protection. In German journalistic texts, the symbolism of the green color can be both positive and negative. Basically, there is a positive symbolism of green when it comes to environmental protection. The symbolism can also be negative when the political activity of the Green Party in Germany is sharply criticized.
Keywords: linguoculture, comparative analysis, German, English, verb, noun, journalistic text, colour names, colour symbolism, mass media
References:
Akulina L.V. Semantic and stylistic specificity of the vocabulary of color terms in mass media texts in the Tatar and Udmurt languages ​​[Electronic resource] / L.V. Akulina // Philological Sciences. Questions of Theory and Practice, 2013. ‒ No. 12 (30). ‒ URL: https://elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=20684047 (date of access: 10/15/2022).
Borisova E.G. Marketing Linguistics: Directions and Prospects / E.G. Borisova // Upper Volga Philological Bulletin. - 2016. - No. 4. - P. 140-143.
Vorobieva, E.Yu. Color nomination as a method of manipulation / E.Yu. Vorobieva // Marketing linguistics in the digital age: Collection of scientific articles / Compiled by E.G. Borisov. Under the general editorship of L.G. Vikulova. - Moscow: Limited Liability Company "Languages ​​of the Peoples of the World", 2021. - P. 87-90.
Gunareva E.S. Discursive features of color designations in the modern journalistic text (on the material of the American press) [Electronic resource] / E.S. Gunareva
Reference:
Al'-Avad A.R.. The Doctrine of Language and Speech Sounds in the Works of Al-Jahiz and A.A. Potebni: Similarities and Differences // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 4. – P. 145-151. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.39877.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.39877
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of works of two philosophers and linguists A.A. Potebnja and Al-Jahiz "Thought and Language" and "The Book of Eloquence and Interpretation". Their ideas in the field of the philosophy of language turned out to be meaningful and advanced for their time, Al-Jahiz managed to synthesize the views of previous Arabic and Persian scholars, applying them to Arabic, he managed to draw logical conclusions about the system of the Arabic literary language and collect a four-volume collection of Arabic poems and sayings. His teachings covered not only grammar, but such areas as dialectology, paralinguistics, proverbs and sayings, eloquence up to experimental linguistics. The most important contribution of the Arab scientist, which has not yet been fully studied by modern scientists, is his exhaustive definition of articulate sound as a thought-organizing part of the human body. The purpose of our study is to identify similarities and differences in the views of scientists regarding the sounds of speech and their differences from the sounds of other animals.
Keywords: eloquence, image, philosophy of language, Potebnja, Al-Jahiz, articulate sound, sound, liguistcs, Aristotle, Humboldt
References:
AL-Jahiz. The Book eloquence and demonstration. Investigated by: Hassan Al-Sindubi. Cairo: Hendawy Foundation. 2022.
Aristotle. About the soul / trans. from ancient Greek M.: AST, 2021. 416 p.
Boldyrev N.N. Cognitive semantics. Introduction to cognitive linguistics: a course of lectures. 4th ed., rev. and additional. Tambov: TGU Publising House. G.R. Derzhavin, 2014.
Ganeev B. Language: textbook on linguistics / B. Ganeev .-2.-ed., revised. and additional-Ufa: Publishing house of BSPU, 2001.-272 p.
Grigorieva V.S. Speech interaction in the knowledge system / V.S. Grigorievna // Cognition and Communicatio in the modern global world: materials of the VIII International Congress on Cognitive Linguistics / Edited by L.A. Manerco. – M.: Moscow State University named after M.V. Lomonosov; Neolit, 2018.-984 p.
Humboldt W. von. On the difference in the structure of human languages and its influence on the spiritual development of mankind // Selected Works on Linguistics. Moscow: Progress, 1984.
Reference:
Shagbanova K.S.. The Linguistic and Cultural Nature of the Concept of "Patriotism" // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 4. – P. 11-19. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40116.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40116
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The concept of "patriotism" has been the focus of research interest since the very first stages of the formation of science. Its uniqueness is due to the combination of polysemy, high nominative density and conceptual stability with a component of abstractness and active use in speech and text. This mental education is characterized by the ability to nominate actions and behavior patterns, reflect conceptual and linguistic specifics and constitutive features. The factuality component is implemented through a pair of correlates "the concept of "patriotism" – the intention of the speaker", expressing a nuclear or peripheral meaning relevant to a certain communicative situation and type of discourse. The extralinguistic aspect of the concept under study is formed by a set of culturally significant associations and the degree of interaction with a particular subsystem of the language. The article notes that the concept of "patriotism" plays a significant role in the modern national linguistic consciousness. The article focuses on understanding the concept of "patriotism" based on the traditional values of national culture. It is emphasized that the studied linguistic unit performs its functions in the aesthetic space as one of the connecting elements between the individual and society. The author attributes to the key features of this phenomenon such as praxeology, appeals of concentrated and dispersive properties, high conceptual stability, limit, polysemy.
Keywords: linguoculturology, conceptual and linguistic specificity, linguistic sign, sociocultural dominant, linguistic picture of the world, linguistic semantics, phenomenon of polysemy, mental unit, concept patriotism, national culture
References:
Glebkin, V.V. (2012). Lexical semantics: cultural-historical approach. Moscow: Center for Humanitarian Initiatives.
Gupalo, G.M., & Danilova A.A. (2016, September 16). Yuri Norshtein: Forgotten Man Again. Pravmir. Retrieved from https://www.pravmir.ru/yuriy-norshteyn-detskiy-traurnyiy-marsh-eto-chast-byitiya/?ysclid=lfso918wag910842259
Dobrokhotov, A.L. (2016). Philosophy of culture. Moscow: ID HSE.
Kasevich, V.B. (2019). Problems of semantics. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg. un-ta.
Kelle, V.Zh. (2011). Intellectual and spiritual principles in culture. Moscow: IFRAN.
Kudishina, A.A. (2005). Humanism is a phenomenon of modern culture. Moscow: Academic project.
Kustova, G.I. (2004). Derived value types and language extension mechanisms. Moscow: Languages of Slavic culture.
Luigi, A. (2016). Psychology of culture. Kharkiv: Publishing House for the Humanitarian Center.
Neretina, S.S., Ogurtsov A.
Reference:
Tsygankova A.A.. Precedent Names and their Functions in Umberto Eco's Novel "The Name of the Rose" // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 4. – P. 20-28. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40385.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40385
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of this study is the precedent names in Umberto Eco's novel "The Name of the Rose". The author relies on the theoretical provisions developed in relation to the precedent names of E. A. Nakhimova. With the help of computational methods of analysis and subsequent manual verification of the results, a list of all precedent names present in the novel was obtained. The names invented by Eco itself were also analyzed, precedent components were found in them, which were also analyzed.

As a result, a list of 544 names was obtained, which the author classified into several groups. Next, the functions were defined in which the existing precedent names are used. The scientific novelty of this study is due to two factors. On the one hand, the author contributes to the development of the concept of "precedent name", which entered science quite recently (in the 2000s). On the other hand, the novelty is determined by the very material on which the research is carried out, since the texts of Umberto Eco until today are more often the subject of literary research, while their linguistic aspects remain out of the field of view of specialists.

The author discovers the predominance of pragmatic and modeling functions of precedent names in the text of the novel. There are also examples of the use of case names in the human function and the evaluation function. At the same time, due to the theoretical provisions of postmodernism, in accordance with which the novel was developed, it can be said that the password function is concomitant with everything else.

In addition, we can say that the massive use of precedent names in the text of the novel is used as a technique. Although science has not yet developed a single term for this technique, following the Danish researcher Jon Kyust, the author suggests using the term "neimdropping" for this.
Keywords: precedent phenomena, intertextuality, stylistics, Italian studies, idiostyle, Name-dropping, precedent names, postmodernism, methods of computer analysis, precedent
References:
Arbuzova, V. Yu. (2007). Scientific communication in the aspect of precedent. Bulletin of TSU, 4. Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/nauchnaya-kommunikatsiya-v-aspekte-pretsedentnosti
Podtelezhnikova, E. N., & Pavlova, S. S. (2022). Features of the functioning of the precedent name Venus. Topical issues of modern philology and journalism, 3(46). Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/osobennosti-funktsionirovaniya-pretsedentnogo-imeni-venera
Stepanov, E. S. (2016). Signs of a precedent name (on the example of the name "Berliner Mauer"). Science of man: humanitarian studies, 2(24). Retrieved from https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/priznaki-pretsedentnogo-imeni-na-primere-imeni-berliner-mauer
Liotar, J.-F. (1998). The state of postmodernity. In N. A. Shmatko (Trans. from fr.). Moscow: Institute of Experimental Sociology; St. Petersburg: Aleteya.
Jenks, Ch. (1985). The language of architecture of postmodernism. In A. V. Ryabushin & M. V. Uvarova (Trans. from eng.). Moscow:
Reference:
Zhu Y.. Emotivity Category as a Way to Popularize Scientific Knowledge in Edutainment // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 4. – P. 152-160. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40406.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.4.40406
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The purpose of our research is to study the category of emotivity in the Russian popular science text. The main research methods in this case are descriptive method, content analysis and emotive analysis. The linguistic category of emotivity is the subject of the study, and the popular science video "The Russian Language in 18 minutes" is the object. Special attention is paid to the function of the category of emotivity in a popular science text related to the popularization of scientific knowledge. In our work, we have shown that popular science text involves not only emotion-neutral components, but also emotive components, which include, for example, emotive-potentiative, rhetorical question, emojis and emoticons. It is also proved that with the help of emotive components, rigorous scientific information turns into accessible even for non-specialists. The novelty of the research lies in the analysis of the representation of the category of emotivity in a strict scientific style. As a result, it is proved that the category of emotivity can systematically manifest itself in a scientific style as a means of popularizing scientific knowledge, in particular in a popular scientific text. Russian in 18 Minutes, the material we have chosen, can be used as a good example in the class of Russian as a foreign language, the results of our research can also be used in the course of stylistics.
Keywords: Russian language, scientific knowledge, videoclip, emotive components, scientific style, entertainment, popularization, edutainment, emotive-potentiality, emotivity
References:
Voronova, A.V. (2016). Popular science texts as an object of functional and stylistic analysis. Bulletin of the RUDN. Series: Russian and foreign languages and methods of their teaching, 7-12.
Bolts, N. (2011). Abc media. Moscow: Publishing house "Europe".
Shakhovsky, V. I. (2016). Dissonance of environmental friendliness in the communicative circle: man, language, emotions. Volgograd: publishing house of IP Polikarpov I.L.
Shakhovsky, V. I. (1987). Categorization of emotions in the lexico-semantic system of language. Voronezh.
Belyakov, M. V. (2015). The nature of emotivity of diplomatic discourse. Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series "Linguistics", 2, 124-132.
Sonin, A.G. (2003). General psychological and cognitive mechanisms of understanding multimedia texts. Questions of psycholinguistics, 1, 43-56.
Vorotyntseva, K. Arzamas Society: how to make knowledge fashionable. [electronic
Reference:
Kosarina A.A.. Changing the Semantics of Author Terms Based on Scientific and Artistic Texts on the Example of the Term "Happening" // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 3. – P. 85-92. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.39711.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.39711
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is the concept of the author's term, its definition is given, and the etymological, semantic and pragmatic criteria for the allocation of the author's term are also highlighted. Using the term Happening as an example, the use of the author's term in professional and non-professional discourse is considered. The article examines the definition given by the author of the term Alan Kaprow, and the evolution of his understanding of the term Happening. The semantics of the term and its changes in the works of various artists of the 1950s - 1960s, as representatives of professional discourse, and in works of art of the 1960s - 2010s, representing non-professional discourse, are studied. Common features of the use of the term Happening in professional and non-professional discourses are highlighted. The main conclusions of the study are the following positions: the term Happening can be considered copyright, since its author is known, the author's sema is key to the semantics of the term, and professionals using it associate the concept with its creator. In professional discourse, the term is used in a direct terminological meaning. In non-professional discourse, the term loses part of this, acquiring others; in particular, the author's sema is lost, and the term no longer meets the criteria of the author's term.
The novelty of the research lies in the appeal to the use of the English-language author's term in professional and non-professional discourse.
Keywords: term in fiction, Allan Kaprow, Art term, term semantics evolution, Happening, term semantics, layperson discourse, professional discourse, author term, artist terminology
References:
Azarova, N.M. (2010) Typological essay on the language of Russian philosophical texts of the 20th century. Moscow: Logos / Gnosis, 228 p.
Dyachenko, A.P. (2003) Dictionary of author's terms, concepts and names. Moscow: Akademkniga, 375 p.
Slozhenikina, Yu.V., Rastyagaev A.V., Kukhno, I.Yu. (2018) Author's term: to the definition of the concept. Ontology of design, v. 8, no. 1 (27), pp. 49–57.
Slyusareva, N.A. (1983) On the types of terms (on the example of grammar). Questions of Linguistics, no. 3, p. 23.
Tabanakova, V.D. (2013) Author's term: know, interpret, translate. Tyumen: TGU, p. 5.
Kukhno, I.Yu. (2018) Author's terminology (based on L.V. Gumilyov's idiolect). Dis. Cand. Sci. (Philol.). Samara, 23 p.
Chilvers, Ian, Osborne Harold, Farr Dennis (1988) The Oxford Dictionary of Art. Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 213.
Cambridge Dictionary. Available at: https://dictionary.cambridge.org/ru/%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C/%D0%B0%D0% BD%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B9%D1%81
Reference:
Poursanati S., Ghodrati A.. Russian Formalism in Practice: A Narratological Reading of Joseph Conrad's Youth // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 3. – P. 11-26. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.37775.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.37775
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: Conrad's shorter works of fiction are mostly ignored in the formalistic analysis of his critics. Therefore, in order to fill the gap in the literature associated with the narrative structure of Conrad's shorter works, the authors of this article consider in detail the ideas of Genette's narratology for Conrad's story "Youth, Narration". Narratology, the method used in this article, is a science of literature that originated in the works of Russian formalists and is engaged in the systematic study of narratives. The purpose of this science is to identify the basic structures and relationships involved in the creation of history and its meaning. To achieve this goal, the theorists of narratology have introduced and defined a number of language rules that separate all narratives written in all languages. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that in practice the narratological reading of the material is shown, and also shows how the authors apply these structural rules to their texts. Genette, a French narratologist, introduced five narrative categories in his book Narrative Discourse; these categories include Order, Duration, Frequency, Mood, and Voice.
This article discusses Genette's narrative categories applied to Joseph Conrad's short story "Youth, Narrative" and identifies the structural nuances of this story in order to help readers in general and those who study literature, in particular, to touch upon a careful reading of Conrad's writing style.
Keywords: literature, English, russian, narrative discourse, narrative categories, narrative, russian formalism, Conrad, Genette, Narratology
References:
Abrams, M. H., and Geoffrey Harpham. A Glossary of Literary Terms (Nineth ed.): Boston: Wadsworth, 2009. pp. 109, 126.
Bal, Mikel. Narratology: Introduction to the Theory of Narrative. Toronto: The University of Toronto Press, 1997.pp. 143.
Blackburn, William. Joseph Conrad: Letters to William Blackwood and David S. Meldrum. Durham: Duke UP, 1958. pp. 124.
Conrad, Joseph. “Youth”. Literature Structure, Sound, and Sense. 2nd ed. Ed. Laurence Perrine. New York: Harcourt, 1974. pp. 109-127.
Erlich, Victor. “Russian Formalism”. Journal of the History of Ideas, Vol. 34, No. 4 (Oct. - Dec., 1973), pp. 627-638.
Erlich, Victor. “Russian Formalism in Perspective”. The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism, Vol. 13, No. 2 (Dec., 1954), pp. 215-225.
Eagleton, Terry. Literary Theory: An Introduction. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1989. pp. 105-106.
Genette, Gerard. Narrative Discourse. Trans. Jane Lewin. New York: Cornell UP, 1980. pp. 32-260
Janov
Reference:
Yi L.. Fashion and the buzzword in scientific coverage (based on the material of Russian and Chinese) // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 3. – P. 200-216. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.38013.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.3.38013
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of fashion and buzzwords in scientific coverage, the task of which is to identify the concept of "fashion" in various scientific fields and the characteristics of the buzzword in the discourses of the Russian and Chinese languages. The article describes the manifestation of the fashion category in philosophical discourse. A comprehensive analysis of the philosophers' points of view on fashion allows us to identify the load of meanings of the concept of "fashion" in clothing, its connection with the concepts of "prestige" and "taste" and characters (total, changeable). Separating the semiotics and semiology of fashion, R. Barth proves the inseparability of fashion and language. Semantic and cognitive analysis of the concept of a fashionable word in two languages shows common characteristics: relevance, mass character, prestige, transience, news, expressiveness. The study allows us to conclude that the concept of "language fashion" and "fashion word" is closely related to the category of fashion in culture and in civilization. In the philosophical discourse, the most important characteristics of the fashion category were highlighted: its inseparable connection with the category of taste, the social nature of fashion, its inclusiveness and changeability. In semiotics, fashion was defined as a sign system put at the service of the economy and social stratification of society. Language fashion is a powerful means of manipulating and influencing human consciousness. The buzzword is a significant dynamic linguistic phenomenon, it simultaneously creates a problem of lexicography and performs powerful functions. The author considers the concept of "fashionable word" in the everyday life of Russian linguistics in comparison with Chinese, which determines the novelty of the study.
Keywords: scientific coverage, concept, discourse, semiotics, philosophy, Chinese language, Russian, the buzzword, fashion, the concept
References:
Ripyakhova, M.M. (2012). Manifestation of linguistic fashion in political discourse. Moscow, Russia.
Gofman, A.B. (2015). Fashion and people. New theory of fashion and fashionable behavior. Moscow, Russia.
Kant, I.(1994) Answer to the question: what is the Enlightenment? Moscow, Russia.
Brusenskaya, L.A. (2008) Categories "fashion", "prestige": sociolinguistic and linguopragmatic aspects. Rostov-on-Don, Russia.
Gegel, G.V.F. (1968–1973). Aesthetics. Moscow, Russia.
Bodler, SH.(1986) Poet of modern life. Baudelaire S. About art. Moscow, Russia.
Cherneiko, L.O.,& Bashkatova, D.A. (2008) Philosophical and linguistic aspect of the study of fashion. Moscow, Russia.
Florenskii, P.A. (1996) Iconostasis. Moscow, Russia.
Bodriiyar, ZH. (2000) Symbolic exchange and death. Moscow, Russia.
Kheizinga, I. (2001) A playing man. Moscow, Russia.
Tulchinsky, G.L. & Epstein, M.N. (2003) Projective Philosophical Dictionary: New terms and concepts. Sankt-Peterburg, Russia.
Bart, R. (200
Reference:
Freidson O.A., Verezubova E.E.. Corpus methods in research and study/teaching of the French language. // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 2. – P. 22-33. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.2.37471.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.2.37471
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The aim of the work is to identify the possibilities and specifics of using corpus methods in conducting research on the material of the French language and in teaching French. The growing interest in the methods of corpus research based on specific language data and the insufficient development of the issue on the material of the French language determine the relevance of the work. The analysis has shown that today there are various resources for conducting corpus research on the material of the French language, including literary text corpora, parallel corpora, oral speech corpora, which create a specially organized multidimensional infrastructure of the language space, giving a comprehensive idea of language units, their compatibility, semantics and functions.   The authors have demonstrated that the existing corpus managers can be successfully applied in teaching French at the initial level, from the very beginning forming important linguistic and methodological competencies among linguist students. The scientific novelty of the research consists in a comprehensive review of the existing French corpus resources and the possibilities of their use in research and in teaching French. The results of the study can be used both for further development of research in the field of history, grammar, lexicology, stylistics of the French language based on corpora, and for the development of tasks for teaching French using corpus data, which is of practical significance of the study.
Keywords: corpus, linguistics, teaching methods, French, concordance, collocation, corpus manager, lexical meaning, annotation, communicative competence
References:
Plungian, V.À. (2008). Êîðïóñ êàê èíñòðóìåíò è êàê èäåîëîãèÿ: Î íåêîòîðûõ óðîêàõ ñîâðåìåííîé êîðïóñíîé ëèíãâèñòèêè [Corpus as a Tool and as an Ideology: On Some Lessons of Modern Corpus Linguistics]. Russian Language and Linguistic Theory, ¹ 2 (16), 7–20.
Kamber, A., & Dubois, M. (2016). Corpus, grammaire et francais langue etrangere : une concordance necessaire. Linguistik Online, Vol. 78, Issue 4, 2016, 3+. Retrieved from link.gale.com/apps/doc/A486694960/LitRC?u=anon~7963ab96&sid=googleScholar&xid=b7e41a56. (accessed 20.01.2022).
Di Vito, S. (2013). L’utilisation des corpus dans l’analyse linguistique et dans l’apprentissage du FLE [The use of corpora in linguistic analysis and in learning French as a foreign language]. Linx, No. 68-69, 159–176. Retrieved from https://journals.openedition.org/linx/1519 (accessed 10.01.2022).
Gorina, Î. G. (2018). Corpus research tools in l2 teaching. Tomsk State University Journal, No. 435, 187 – 194. doi:10.17223/15617793/435/24
Chilingaryan, K.P. (2021).
Reference:
Kartavova P.. Analysis of the translation of constructions such as "If the disease is not treated" into English // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 1. – P. 57-68. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.1.36652.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.1.36652
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject is the strategies of text reduction in the Russian-English translation of the construction of the type "If the disease is not treated". The purpose of the work is to identify relevant strategies for text reduction in the Russian-English translation of this structure. At the first stage, the analysis of textbooks on translation and textbooks of English grammar was carried out, after which an empirical base of research was created – examples of the translation of this syntactic model from the NCRE were selected. At the next stage of the study, the translation of examples from a parallel subcorpus is analyzed, as a result of which the main strategies of the Russian-English translation of the structure are identified. Then the search for examples of the studied design was carried out on the website of the President of Russia. At the last stage, more than 30 hours of official speeches of Russian politicians and their interpretation into English were analyzed. The study showed that this structure is not considered in translation textbooks, Google Translate does not recognize the "If the disease is not treated" construction in most cases, and that translators almost do not use the "If untreated" model in translation. The novelty of the study is that the Russian-English translation of structures of the type If the disease is not treated is considered in the work for the first time. The results of the study make it possible to study translation strategies and identified text reduction strategies when translating this syntactic model. The results of the research work can be used in writing term papers, final qualifying papers and master's theses on related problems.
Keywords: translation, machine translation, written translation, Google Translate, syntactic construction, Russian National Corpus, reduction, correlate, predicative construction, search engine
References:
Fedorov, A. V. Osnovy obshchey teorii perevoda (lingvisticheskie problemy) [Tekst] / A. V. Fedorov. – M. : OOO «Izdatel'skiy Dom «FILOLOGIYa TRI», 2002.-416 s.
Suleymanova, O. A., Borbot'ko, L. A., Fedorova, E. L. Perevod russkogo polipredikativnogo predlozheniya s pomoshch'yu angliyskogo sub'ektnogo infinitivnogo oborota [Tekst] // Perevodcheskiy trening. Sintaksicheskie transformatsii v russko-angliyskom perevode. – M. : Yazyki narodov mira, 2017. S. 83-85.
Suleymanova O. A., Beklemesheva N. N., Kardanova K. S. i dr. Grammaticheskie aspekty perevoda [Tekst] / Suleymanova O. A., Beklemesheva N. N., Kardanova K. S. i dr.– M. : Akademiya, 2010 – 235 s.
Slepovich, V. S. Kurs perevoda [Tekst] / V. S. Slepovich. – Minsk : NTOOO «TetraSistems», 2001. – 269 s.
Sdobnikov V. V., Petrova O. V. Teoriya perevoda [Tekst] / V. V. Sdobnikov, O. V. Petrova. – M. : Vostok – Zapad, 2006. – 444 s.
Retsker, Ya. I. Teoriya perevoda i perevodcheskaya praktika [Tekst] / Ya. I. Retsker. – M. : R.Valent, 2006. – 239 s.
Samboruk L. A., Vasil'ev
Reference:
Barebina N.S., Glyzina V.E., Leontyev A.A., Maksimova N.V.. The Study of Methods and Means of Intensity in Alarmist Discourses // Litera. – 2023. – ¹ 1. – P. 69-77. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.1.39578.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2023.1.39578
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The object of the study is linguistic facts in the form of a corpus of intensifiers functioning in modern Russian and English during the discussion of agendas related to the unstable situation in a particular sphere of society. The subject of this study is the semantic and grammatical structure of units functioning within the category of intensity. The authors consider in detail such an aspect of the topic as intensity and expressiveness in language, in this regard, an overview of the relevant works is given. Particular attention is paid to various linguistic ways of expressing the degree of intensification of meaning and the gradality of negative meaning. The data of disciplines related to the science of language on the practices of alarm broadcasting, the topics of alarmist agendas are also presented. The modern context supplies us with all new social practices that attract close attention from scientists investigating the mechanisms of influence on groups and masses of people. One of these phenomena was the spread of alarmist discourses that broadcast a state of increased anxiety or panic. These discourses, largely due to the network morphology of modern society, imperceptibly and uncontrollably enter the life of a modern person. Their systematic study by linguistic analysis has not yet been undertaken. At the same time, there are all prerequisites to consider which language mechanisms are involved in the formation of alarmist discourses in the aspect of speech intensification, which makes it different from the logical-rational content. The article argues the timeliness of studying the mechanisms and techniques of actualization of alarmism in connection with the possibility of monitoring the indicators of the latter. It is established that intensifiers, being the opposite of the rational mode of messages, serve as markers of alarmist discourses.
Methods of phraseological analysis and description, an interpretive method for interpreting intensifiers in their connections and relationships were used, techniques for describing innovations in discursive practices according to O. S. Issers were used.
Keywords: phraseological meaning, markers, rationality, phraseology, alarmism, discourse, intensifier, expressiveness, intensity, impact
References:
Baidina V. S. The discourse of hostility and alarmism in modern talk shows / V. S. Baidina // The age of information. 2017. Vol. 1, No. 2. pp. 131-132.
Bally Sh. French stylistics / S. Bally; 2nd ed., stereotypical. – M. : Editorial URSS, 2001. – 392 p.
Bobrova E.A. Conceptual metaphor as a means of categorizing the surrounding reality on the example of the metaphor of movement on the road / E. A. Bobrova // Proceedings of the Irkutsk State Academy of Economics (Baikal State University of Economics and Law). 2013. No. 3. p. 28.
Egorova V. N. On the issue of determining intensity in modern linguistics / V. N. Egorova // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod University named after N.I. Lobachevsky. 2009. No. 6 (2), pp. 224-226.
Issers O.S. Discursive practices of our time / O. S. Issers. – M.: LENAND, 2021. 272 p.
Kadyseva S.S. Intensity category in the system of functional-semantic, functional-stylistic categories//Proceedings of the Samara Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, vo
Reference:
Cao X.. Comparative Analysis of the Related Terms "Connection" and "Parcelling" (Based on the Material of the Service Unit "and more") // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 12. – P. 12-19. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.38872.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.38872
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article is devoted to the actual problem of the syntax of the Russian language. Joining is always in the focus of attention of researchers at the present stage of development of linguistic theory. However, due to the fact that attachment has similar features with the term "parcel", in modern Russian syntactic science, a single view on the relationship between "connection" and "parcelling" has not yet been developed. The object of research is the service unit "and also", the subject is the relationship of the related terms "connection" and "parcelling". The purpose of this work is a comparative analysis of "connection" and "parcelling" on the material of the service unit "and more". In the course of the research, we use the corpus method of collecting and processing empirical material. The source of the material is the texts presented in the National Corpus of the Russian language. In addition, both the descriptive method and the comparison method are used to clearly show the differences between the two concepts. Based on a comparative analysis of the actual material, it was found that the most distinct difference between connection and parcelling is as follows: when joining, addition occurs, and when parcelling, separation occurs. Connection is a grammatical category, refers to the phenomenon of the static aspect of a sentence, and parcelling is a stylistic device, refers to the phenomenon of the dynamic aspect of a sentence.
Keywords: parallel structures, row, parcel, additional part, the basic part, separation, addition, parcelling, stylistic reception, connection
References:
Averina M.A. Structural-semantic and functional properties of phraseological units-unions: abstract of the dissertation ... Candidate of Philology. sciences. Chelyabinsk, 2004. – 23 p.
Beloshapkova V.A. A complex sentence in modern Russian. (Some questions of theory). – M.: Enlightenment, 1967. – 160 p.
Valgina N.S. Syntax of the modern Russian language. 2nd Ed. Study for. universities. – M.: Higher School, 1978. – 439 p.
Vinogradov A.A. Structure and functions of connecting structures in the modern Russian literary language: diss. ... Candidate of Philology. sciences. Uzhgorod, 1984. – 193 p. Russian Russian.
Kryuchkov S. E. On connective connections in the modern Russian language / S. E. Kryuchkov // Questions of the syntax of the modern Russian language / edited by V. V. Vinogradov. – Moscow: Uchpedgiz, 1950. – pp. 397-411.
Kuznetsova O.M. Functional and semantic field of gradation in modern Russian (syntactic aspect): dis. ... Candidate of Philology. sciences. Novosibirsk, 2010. – 202
Reference:
Baeva E.I.. The Comparison of Mimic Phraseological Units Based on Italian and Spanish Material // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 12. – P. 100-108. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39351.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39351
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article discusses the semantic features of mimic phraseological units of Italian and Spanish and their use to characterize communicative behavior. The classification of sign phraseological units of the Italian and Spanish languages according to functional and semantic criteria is given. The methods of linguistic expression of visual communication that reflect the inner sphere of a person in the Italian and Spanish language picture of the world are presented. For the first time, an attempt was made to conduct a comparative study of mimic phraseological units on the material of two closely related languages using a comparative method. The analysis showed that the mimic phraseological units found in Spanish and Italian have a large number of identical equivalents.     The article discusses the semantic features of mimic phraseological units of Italian and Spanish and their use to characterize communicative behavior. The classification of sign phraseological units of the Italian and Spanish languages according to functional and semantic criteria is given. The methods of linguistic expression of visual communication that reflect the inner sphere of a person in the Italian and Spanish language picture of the world are presented. For the first time, an attempt was made to conduct a comparative study of mimic phraseological units on the material of two closely related languages using a comparative method. The analysis showed that the mimic phraseological units found in Spanish and Italian have a large number of identical equivalents.
Keywords: comparative studies, Spanish language, Italian language, semiotic classes of gestures, linguistic mentality, dominant communicative signs, gestural phraseological units, facial expressions, communicative behavior, non-verbal semiotics
References:
Arsent'eva E. F. Sopostavitel'nyy analiz frazeologicheskikh yedinits (na materiale frazeologicheskikh yedinits, semanticheski oriyentirovannykh na cheloveka v angliyskom i russkom yazykakh) [Comparative analysis of phraseological units (on the basis of phraseological units semantically oriented to a person In English and Russian)]. Kazan, Kazan Publ. House un-ta, 1989, 123 p. (In Russian).
Woodworth R. Experimental’naya Psikhologiya [Experimental psychology]. Moscow, Publ. House of Foreign Lit., 1950, 796 p. (In Russian).
Gorelov I. N. Neverbal'nyye komponenty kommunikatsii [Non-verbal components of communication]. Moscow, LIBROKOM Publ., 2009, 112 p. (In Russian).
Ispansko-russkiy frazeologicheskiy slovar' [Spanish-Russian Phraseological Dictionary]. Moscow, Rus. Language Publ., 1985, 1080 p. (In Russian and Spanish).
Ital'yansko-russkiy frazeologicheskiy slovar' [Italian-Russian phraseological dictionary]. T. Z. Cherdantseva, Ya. I. Retsker (ed.), G. F. Zor’ko. Moscow, Russian language Publ.
Reference:
Baskakova A.. The World View at the Reflection of Russian and English Paroemias // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 12. – P. 83-90. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39383.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39383
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is dedicated to a research and signification of particularities of Russian and English world view through a prism of paroemiac units. The subject of the study is paroemias in Russian and English languages, reflecting the intellection of two comparative cultures. The goal of the work consists in disclosure of functional abilities of paroemias for understanding the way of thinking of Russian and English informants. At the process of paroemias’ analysis there were used several methods of linguistic research: comparative – historical, the method of opposition, distributive analysis and also psycholinguistic methods of the research. It is effectual to consider the results of the study as determination of the fact, that a world view, expressed at the language by functionating separate paroemaic structures, allows to disclose main national features of different nations in a more detailed way. As the sphere of usage of the results, first of all, can be observed a pedagogical work, when at the process of analysis, study and practical usage of paroemias at the speech the learners recognize the relation between language and thinking, that reflects their perception of a world afterwards. Secondly, the understanding of Russian and English paroemias’ meaning helps the establishment of cultural and language connections between different national groups, indicative of the realization of the cultural communication. The novelty of this study is that there was made the first trial to deduce the process of monitoring the perception of paroemias by Russian and English language speakers from the moment of their initial analysis at level of their acquaintance with a research material (reading, translation and understanding of the meaning) to the moment of perception of their influence on thinking (how paroemias reflect the world view of a concrete nation). The conclusions made from work point to the fact, that the determinant to the search of similarities and comparatives between Russian and English paroemias is at the existence of a particular problematics connected with cultural values, reflected at the compared languages.
Keywords: translation, mentality, intercultural communication, cultural values, English langugage, Russian langugage, family relations, paroemias, world view, interpretation
References:
Vereshchagin, E. M., Kostomarov, V. G. (1976). Language and culture. Lingual regional geography at teaching Russian as foreign. Moscow: Russian language.
Zhukov, V. P. (2000). Semantics of phraseological phrases. Tutorial for students of pedagogical institutes with a specialty “Russian language and literature”. Moscow: Education.
Kosova, M. V., Bezgodkova, O. N. (2020). Transition of English proverbs and adages as a way of development of communicative function of the language. Socio-humanitarian sciences at informational society: perspectives and potential: digest oà scientific works by material of International scientific – practical conference on 24th of December, 2020 g. Belgorod: the agency of perspective scientific researches, 127-131.
Dal', V. I. (1957). Proverbs of Russian people. Moscow: Belles-lettres.
Rakovskii, M. (1969). Proverbs, adages and wise thoughts. Dushanbe: Irfon.
Kuz'min, S. S., Shadrin, N. L. (1996). Russian – English dictionary of proverbs and adages. Saint Petersbu
Reference:
Zhu Y.. Emotivity Category as a Means of Popularizing the Political Propaganda Video of the Communist Party of China (CPC) // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 12. – P. 117-125. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39445.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39445
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to identify the role of the emotional categories in the implementation of political propaganda and the formation of public opinion. The subject of the paper is the peculiarities of the characteristics of the emotional category, the object is the Russian version of political propaganda video "Communist Party of China". The paper adopts descriptive, contextual, and emotive analysis methods. The video is a human-centred text, in which the personalization phenomena are the sources of the emotional category: the personalization in this video (CPC acts as one character) allows us to form a positive, attractive image of the CPC. The verbal (lexical, syntactic means) and non-verbal emotional components of the video (soundtrack, video sequence, color scheme) are identified, the interaction of which contributes to the emergence of a positive emotional impact exerted by the video on the recipient, and the formation of a positive image of the CPC as a great party leading the country to prosperity, which should leave a positive impression on the recipient. In conclusion, we state that emotional categories play a major role in creating emotional impressions, which is closely related to the technique of personalization. The point of innovation of the paper is emphasized the role of this personalized method in popularizing political propaganda.
Keywords: CPC, image, politics, popularization, emotive, personalization, polycode, etymology, emotivity, propaganda
References:
Alekseev, A.V., Shipilova, D. S. (2018) The role of expressive speech acts in the construction of a political image (based on the tweets of American politicians). Actual problems of philology and pedagogical linguistics, 29, 7-14.
Belyakov, M. V. (2018) The nature of emotivity of diplomatic discourse. Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, 2, 124-132.
Guo Lijun, Wang Ziyu. (2021) Animated film as a means of political communication: multimodal analysis. Sign: problematic field of media education, 4(42), 176-185.
Gukasova, M. M. (2018) Combined monosystem personalization on the example of Vsevolod Ovchinnikov's journalism. Political Linguistics, 2(68), 45-54.
Zappettini, F., Ponton, D. M., Larina, T. V. (2021) Emotionalization of modern media discourse: a research agenda. Russian Journal of Linguistics, 3, 586-610.
Nagornykh, O. V. (2018) Emotions in politics as a category of sociopolitical sciences: the essence and the main directions of research. Azimut of scientific res
Reference:
Mutalov R.O.. Conversational Etiquette in the Itsary Dargin Language: Formulas for Contact-Establishing // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 12. – P. 91-99. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39512.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.12.39512
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the description of the phatic (contact-establishing) function of conversational etiquette in the Itsary dialect of the Tsudahar-Sirkhya language (the Dargin branch of the Nakh-Dagestan languages). The purpose of the study is to identify the conversational formulas for contact-establishing in the dialect under study and to give their semantic and stylistic characteristics. These conversational formulas are still little-studied not only in the Itsary dialect, but also in the other Dargin languages and dialects, and that is the relevance of the issue. Meanwhile, the traditional formulas of conversational etiquette are rapidly being lost due to the change in the traditional way of life and the intensive migration of highlanders to the cities. In the course of the study the methods of synchronous description and the methods of introspection and field linguistics are used. As a result of the study, the most commonly used Itsary words and expressions which are used in the process of interpersonal communication for expressing greetings, well- wishing, sympathy and farewells were identified and systematized, and the scope of their functioning is also identified. A significant amount of conversational formulas material is introduced into scientific use. The results of the study can be used in the study of theoretical issues of conversational etiquette and conversational culture of the Dagestan people and also for compiling dictionaries and for teaching courses of the Dargin lexicology and dialectology at the educational institutions.
Keywords: farewell, well-wishing, greeting, communication, conversational etiquette, the Itsary dialect, cultural linguistics, he Dargin languages, the Caucasian languages, sympathy
References:
Abdullaev Z. G., Abdusalamov A. A., Musaev M.-S. M., Temirbulatova S. M. Modern Dargin language. DNC RAS Publishing House. Makhachkala: 2014. 614 p.
Bgazhnokov B. H. Adyghe etiquette. Nalchik, 1978, 160 p.
Vinokur T.G. Informative and phatic speech as the detection of different communicative intentions of the speaker and the listener // Russian language in its functioning. Communicative and pragmatic aspect. M., 1993.
Vagizieva N.A. Lexical and phraseological features of the Kadar dialect of the Dargin language. Makhachkala, 2021. 200 p.
Hasanova S.N., Hasanova M.A. Linguoculturological analysis of Agul curses and benevolences // Culture and civilization. 2016. Volume
No. 6A. pp. 350-359. 6. Goldin, V.E. Speech and etiquette – M.: Enlightenment, 2003. 109 p.
Ivanova R.A. Communicemes as a means of implementing a contact-establishing function (based on the material of English and Russian languages) // Communicativistics of the XXI century: a person in the modern world of communications
Reference:
Guan Q.. Lexico-semantic Aspects of Word "Sanction" in the Russian Political Sphere // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 11. – P. 137-151. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.37500.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.37500
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article analyzes the structure and features of the lexico-semantic field (of the word) "sanction" in the Russian political sphere; author discuss the semantic connections of its lexical units and metaphorical models of this word in the political discourse of the Russian language. The subject of the study is the semantic content of the term under consideration, presented on the website Kremlin.ru and in the Russian National Corpus. The purpose of the study is to analyze a fragment of the Russian political picture of the world reflected in this field. To achieve this goal, a set of the following linguistic methods has been applied, such as statistical description, component analysis, field method, etc. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that, using the example of the term "sanction", an attempt is made for the first time to build a lexical-semantic field of a political term of the Russian language. The results obtained show that the lexico-semantic field "sanction" in the Russian political sphere consists of 7 microfields that are interconnected with each other and have their own model - "core-periphery", however, the boundary of the transition from the core to the periphery is not clearly traced. In addition, the lexico-semantic field is also a way of representing the language world picture, because the cultural features of the language of any nation are primarily reflected at the level of the lexicon - the most dynamic tier of the language system. The term "sanction" in modern Russian language is used not only in the legal, but also in the political spheres, and is also used as a tool for regulating relations between states and international organizations. In the Russian political sphere, lexico-semantic field "sanction" is accompanied by a large number of metaphors used to reveal the conflicting nature of the sanction and the dramatic nature of political life, the semantics and scope of the term, as well as stylistic evaluation, are expanded.
Keywords: language picture of the world, periphery, the core, sanction, political sphere, vocabulary, metaphor, semantics, lexico-semantic field, Russian
References:
Abramov V. P. Semantic fields of the Russian language. M.: Krasnodar: Russian Academy of Pedagogical and Social Sciences, Kuban State University, 2003. 338 s.
Varbot Z. Z. & Zhuravlev, A. F. Brief Conceptual and Terminological Reference Book on Etymology and Historical Lexicology // The Russian Academy of Sciences: The V. V. Vinogradov Russian Language Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1998. Ò. 54.
Vasiliev L. M. Theory of Semantic Fields // Problems of linguistics, 1971. Vol. 5. S. 105-113.
Zinovieva E. I. The Concept of "Field" in Linguistic and Methodological Research // XXXII International Philological Conference, 2003. No. 15. S. 108-112.
Karaulov Y. N. General and Russian Ideography. Moscow: Nauka, 1976. 354 s.
Kornakova E. S. Systematic study of lexicon on basis of semantic field method // Bulletin of the Peoples' Friendship University of Russia. Series, Theory of language. Semiotics. Semantics, 2015. No. 4. S. 170-175.
Kuznetsova S. A. The Big Explanatory Dictionary
Reference:
Isber R.I.. Functions of Geortonyms // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 11. – P. 61-70. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.38540.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.38540
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The author considers geortonyms as one of the varieties of modern advertising names: the subject of the study were the names of art projects of the State Tretyakov Gallery of the last 5 years, the purpose of the study is the mechanisms and specifics of the implementation of the main functions of these commercial nominations. To analyze the structure, semantics and stylistic features of geortonyms from the point of view of their functioning, special linguistic methods of functional-structural and contextual-interpretative analysis, as well as the linguopragmatic method were used. Special attention is paid to the study of those components of the studied nominations, with the help of which an effective impact on the target audience is carried out.

It is established that the names of art projects implement an informative function that allows identifying the named object, while simultaneously solving informative and educational tasks, as well as an advertising function that involves managing the attention of the target audience in combination with influencing its emotions. The ultimate goal of creating geortonyms of the studied group is the possibility of influencing the behavior of the addressee. The most significant elements of the structural organization of the analyzed nominations and the linguistic expressive means used in their creation, which contribute to the implementation of the specified set of functions, are identified.
The obtained results contribute to the study of a specific group of modern advertising names – the names of art projects that play an important role in the modern cultural space. Among all types of names of festive events, this thematic group is the least studied, in this regard, the analysis of these names allows us to obtain new data on how to implement the main functions of geortonyms – this determines the scientific novelty of the study.
Keywords: aesthetic function, suggestive function, the attractive function, advertising function, informative and educational function, identifying function, informative function, art projects, georthonym, advertising name
References:
Podolskaya, N.V. (1988). Ñëîâàðü ðóññêîé îíîìàñòè÷åñêîé òåðìèíîëîãèè [Dictionary of Russian Onomastic Terminology] (2nd ed.). Moskow: Nauka.
Hoffmann, E. (2018). Namen von Ereignissen in der Wirtschaft [Names of events in Economy] Sonstige Namenarten: Stiefkinder der Onomastik [Other Types of Names – Orphans of Onomastic Research]. Berlin / Munich / Boston: Walter de Gruyter GmbH. doi:10.1515/9783110547023-012.
Madiyeva, D. (2016). Modern Event Names as the Reflection of Integration of Diferent Cultures // Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(21), 1–11. doi:10.17485/ijst/2016/v9i21/95218
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English. Pearson Longman, 2009.
Brendler, A., Brendler, S. (2008). Namenarten und ihre Erforschung [Types of names and their studies]. Hamburg, 2004.
Puchkova, I.N. (2020). Cåìàíòè÷åñêèå îñîáåííîñòè àíãëèéñêèõ ôðàçåîëîãèçìîâ ñ êîìïîíåíòîì-ãåîðòîíèìîì [Semantic features of English phraseological units with the component-geortonym]. Modern science: actual problems of
Reference:
Stefanchikov I.V.. Words and Collocations Containing roots -gr(i)eg- (-gring-, -grec-, etc.), -helen-, -bizant- in Modern Spanish // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 11. – P. 1-15. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.39012.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.39012
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article addresses the subject of the semantics of Spanish words and collocations containing the roots -gr(i)eg- (-grec-, -gring-, etc.), -helen-, -bizant-, associated with Greece and with the Greek culture. The author analyzes the semantics and etymology of the words and expressions the way they are represented in the two most reputable explanatory dictionaries, Diccionario de la lengua española (DLE) and Diccionario de americanismos. In some cases, the usage of the selected units is described with reference to corpus data (Modern Spanish corpora — CREA and CORPES XXI). The study has revealed the presence of a significant proportion of “learned borrowings” (“cultismos”), which is explained by the importance of Ancient Greek and Byzantine culture for European civilization in general and for Spain in particular. It is stated that the semantic evolution of some vocabulary units was influenced by stereotypical ideas about Greece and the Greeks. In addition, the analysis of Diccionario de americanismos has shown some peculiarities of the usage of the words and expressions under analysis in Latin American Spanish (e. g. the more frequent use of “gringo” and its derivatives).
Keywords: linguistic worldview, language stereotypes, Byzantine Empire, Ancient Greece, Greece, lexicology, lexicon, loanwords, Greek, Spanish
References:
Allen W. S. (1987). Vox Graeca: A Guide to the Pronunciation of Classical Greek. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Bellón Fernández J. J. (2008). El posible origen latino de pek-y pit-con idea de pequeñez en español y otras lenguas romances. In: Wright R. (Coord.), Latin vulgaire-latin tardif VIII: Actes du VIII Colloque international sur le latin vulgaire et tardif, Oxford, 6-9 septembre (pp. 248–252). Hildesheim/New York: Olms-Weidmann.
Corominas J., Pascual J. A. (1980). Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico. Vol. III: G-ma. Madrid: Editorial Gredos.
Corpus de Referencia del Español Actual (CREA). Retrieved from http://www.rae.es/recursos/banco-de-datos/crea/
Corpus del Español del Siglo XXI (CORPES XXI). Retrieved from http://www.rae.es/recursos/banco-de-datos/corpes-xxi/
Logeion (ΛΟΓΕΙΟΝ). Ch. T. Lewis, Ch. Short. A Latin Dictionary. (1879). Oxford: Clarendon Press. Retrieved from ht
Reference:
Iafarov R.. Word in the Dictionary and Discourse (a Case Study of German Language Vocabulary) // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 11. – P. 152-162. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.39088.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.11.39088
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article explores the functioning of usual words and neologisms in the German-language print media discourse as well as in mono- and bilingual dictionaries. Particular attention is given to the lexicographic and contextual translation of the lexemes and the problem of lexicographic underrepresentation of mass media vocabulary. The methods applied include semantic, contextual, discourse and corpus analysis. The article provides examples of potential lexical difficulties which may be faced by a translator or a speaker of German as a foreign language. The academic novelty of the research is due to the unique lexical material presented in the article, which is either absent in dictionaries or has an incomplete lexicographic explication or translation. The translation of these lexemes should not be verbatim and literal, as the translator must take into account extralinguistic realities, linguistic and cultural aspects of word semantics and that of a particular discourse type, collocation and usage of lexemes in the original and the target language. For instance, the translation of international terms is often reduced to loan translations (calques) that require an explanation or translation commentary. The article concludes that there is a need for linguistic, linguacultural and extralinguistic analysis, which has to be conducted by a translator or a reader of a text in a foreign language. The data obtained by the research can be used in translation, lexicographic and teaching activities.
Keywords: discourse analysis, corpus analysis, neologism, word meaning, translation, dictionaries, mass media discourse, German, linguacultural aspect, context
References:
Akmaeva, R. I., Epifanova, N. Sh., Lunev, A. P. (2018). Management. Moscow; Berlin: Direkt-Media.
Anosova, N. E. (2013). Problems of translating English-language political discourse. Obshchestvo. Kommunikatsiya. Obrazovanie, 172, 219–225.
Antonova, T. V. (2017). The influence of extralinguistic factors on the translation of vocabulary with a national-cultural component. Litera, 4, 46–52. doi: 10.25136/2409-8698.2017.4.21735 Retrieved from https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=21735
Bleer, A. N., Suslov, F. P., Tyshler, D. A. (Eds.) (2010). Sports terminology. Reference dictionary. Ìoscow: Publishing Center "Akademia".
Vaitsekhovskii, S. M. (1989). German-Russian sports dictionary: approx. 30,000 terms. Moscow: Rus. yaz.
Efremova, T. F. (2006). Big modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Retrieved from https://gufo.me/dict/efremova
Kudashev, I. S. (2007). Designing translation dictionaries of special vocabulary. Helsinki: Helsinki University Translation Studie
Reference:
Jiang S.. Analysis of Differences between Russian and Chinese Speech Etiquette in a Business Banquet // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 10. – P. 1-6. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.10.38815.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.10.38815
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The object of the study is the Russian and Chinese speech etiquette at the table. The author examines in detail such aspects of the topic as differences in seating arrangements, use of dinner set and meal system between China and Russia at business banquets, and also lists the relevant rules of etiquette and at the same time indicates the specific reasons for the differences. Special attention is paid to the analysis of the reasons for these differences by comparing the seating arrangements, use of dinner set and meal system at business banquets between Russia and China, and practical recommendations are given for future business banquets between Russia and China. The special conclusions of the study are religious ideology, geography, history and culture have a very important influence on table manners in Russia and China. The author's special contribution to the research of the topic is the analysis and comparison of speech etiquette at the table in business communication between Russians and Chinese, which helps the staff of both countries to better understand each other in economic and trade cooperation. The novelty of this article lies in pointing out not only the differences between Russian and Chinese business banquets, but also the factors influencing these differences.
Keywords: principles of using dinner set, principles of seating arrangements, Russian banquet, chinese banquet, meal system, use of dinner set, seating arrangements, business banquet, influential factors, business conversation
References:
Lu Jianwen Ancient Chinese banquet etiquette // Beijing: BEIJING INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY PRESS, 2007. P. 26.
Wang Wenhui Looking at table etiquette in terms of cultural differences between Russian and Chinese nationalities // Sichuan: Journal of Sichuan University of Arts and Sciences, 2010, series 3.P 22-24
Dong Yi Ran Chopsticks, knives and forks reflect the differences between Chinese and Western cultures // Beijing: Beijing Science and Technology News http://tech.sina.com.cn/d/2004-11-26/1206465602. shtml [Date of access: 08/16/2022]
Zhao Lihua, Mi Jinxin, Zhou Jia Training Course on Modern Practical Business Etiquette // Beijing: Beijing Jiaotong University Press, 2012. P. 189.
Braudel F. Material civilization, economy and capitalism. T. 1: Structures of everyday life: possible and impossible // M.: Progress, 1986. P. 220–224.
Xie Yaqin, Zhou Kezhong, Li Yaping. Comparison of Chinese and Western Ethnic Personality Characteristics and Intercultural Communication // Tianjin: Journal of
Reference:
Krygin R.V., Dolgopolova L.A.. Travelogue and its role in the presentation of the Crimea by German travelers in the XVIII-XIX centuries. // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 9. – P. 90-97. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.37720.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.37720
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The work is devoted to clarifying the status of travelogue as a special literary genre. The features of German-language travelogues about the Crimea of the XVIII-XIX centuries are considered. The purpose of the work is to clarify the status of travelogue as a special literary genre combining the features of prose, epistolary genre, adventure. The relevance of the work is due both to the increased interest in travelogue as a genre and to the linguoculturological aspect of studying foreign-language travelogues. The methodological basis was the works of E.R. Ponomarev, E.F. Shafranskaya, A. Pasquali, G. Tverdoty. The article clarifies the concept of "travelogue" based on the critical analysis of theoretical sources. The classification of travelogue by genre and purpose of writing is presented. The article describes the history of the appearance of the term "travelogue" and its consolidation in the scientific literature. The practical research was based on the material of a German-language travelogue about the Crimea of the XVIII-XIX centuries, the period of the development of the peninsula of the Russian Empire. Special attention is paid to genre and target types of travelogue.     The choice of the topic is determined, on the one hand, by the little-studied subject, on the other hand, by the increased interest in the representation of Crimea as a tourist and multicultural object in various linguistic cultures.The objectives of our work are to clarify the concept of "travelogue" and its types, as well as thematic analysis of early German-language travelogues about the peninsula.
The constant desire of mankind to travel, to explore unexplored or little–explored territories and, as a result, the desire to capture what they saw and tell others about it contributed to the emergence of a new genre - travelogue. In modern science, travelogue is considered from the standpoint of a meta-genre approach and does not have an unambiguous definition. The main purpose of the travelogue is to create an image of the purpose of the trip. This fact determines the structure of the image, which includes objective, subjective and emotional content. The scientific literature notes the heterogeneity of the travelogue, which makes it possible to distinguish it and classify it according to genre features, goals and functions.
Keywords: travelogue, educational text, travel notes, german language, Crimea, voyage, geographical novel, adventure story, a science fiction novel, genre
References:
Barinova E.E Problema klassifikacii v teorii literaturnyh zhanrov. Vestnik voronezhskogo universiteta. Seriya: Filologiya. ZHurnalistika, 2012. ¹2. P.20-27
Dubrovskih T.S Prozimetricheskaya priroda traveloga. Vestnik Orenburgskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. ¹5 (193) 2016. P.20-26
Lopatin V.V., Lopatina A.G. Russkij tolkovyj slovar'. Moskva: Russkij yazyk, 2001, 60 p.
Mansel', Filip Princ Evropy: zhizn' SHarlya-ZHozefa de Linya, 1735–1814 gg. London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 2003, 48-50 p.
Petr Simon Palas. Nablyudeniya, sdelannye vo vremya puteshestviya po yuzhnym namestnichestvam Russkogo gosudarstva v 1793-1794 godah Moskva: Nauka, 1999.-246 p.
Ponomarev E.R. Tipologiya sovetskogo puteshestviya: Puteshestvie na zapad v russkoj literature 1920-1930 gg. Spb, 2013, P. 10-14.
Doiron N. «L'art de voyager. Pour une définition du récit de voyage à l'époque classique». – Dans Poétique. – ¹ 73. (In French). 1988. 18 p.
Koch K. Die Krim und Odessa Reise-Erinnerun
Reference:
Erysheva A.Y., Tokarchuk I.N.. Semantic and Functional Potential of the Particle ALREADY and its Reflection in Translation into Vietnamese (Based on the Material of the Novel by M. A. Bulgakov "The Master and Margarita") // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 9. – P. 98-111. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.38708.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.38708
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article discusses typical semantic and pragmatic implementations of the particle "already" and the means of the Vietnamese language used in practice to convey the corresponding meanings. The relevance of the research is determined by its involvement in the problems of translating Russian particles as communicative and pragmatic signs into foreign languages. The object of the study is the particle "already". The subject of the research is syntagmatic, semantic and pragmatic features of this lexeme, as well as ways and means of translating statements from "already" into Vietnamese. The research material was M. A. Bulgakov's novel "The Master and Margarita" and the text of its translation into Vietnamese. The purpose of the work is to establish the range of types of use of the particle "already" presented in the text of the work under consideration, as well as to determine the features of ways to translate statements with this particle into Vietnamese. The paper uses a descriptive method, as well as elements of comparative and quantitative analysis. The novelty of the study is determined by the fact that for the first time the question of the functioning of the particle "already" and its Vietnamese analogues is considered on the material of the named novel by M. A. Bulgakov. It is established that when translating statements with the particle "already", a number of relevant Vietnamese words and service combinations are used, of which the most popular means of direct translation is đã, with non-predicative components, transmitting an assessment according to the parameters ‘much’, ‘little’, ‘long’, ‘late’, and with predicative components, the values are ‘change in the situation’, ‘expectation’ and ‘earlier than expected'. It is shown that the specifics of the semantic and functional capabilities of the Russian "already" and the service units of the Vietnamese language do not always allow for an adequate translation, and therefore they cannot be considered completely equivalent. The results of the study can be taken into account both in the study of other Russian particles, including in the comparative aspect, and in lexicographic practice.
Keywords: translation methods, Vietnamese language, Russian, types of use, syntagmatic features, meaning component, pragmatics, semantics, particles, function words
References:
Alikanov K. M., Mal’khanova I. A. New Russian-Vietnamese dictionary. M., AST; Vostok-Zapad, 2007, 1115 p.
Bulgacov M. A. The White Guard; Diaboliad; The Fatal Eggs; The Heart of the dog; The Master and Margarita. Leningrad, Lenizdat,1989, 768 p.
Bystrov I. S., Nguyen Tay Kan, Stankevich I. V. Grammar of Vietnamese language. Leningrad, Izd-vo Leningr. Un-ta, 1975, 227 p.
Vaulina S. S., Kokovina L. V. Russian Particles as Explicators of subject-modal meanings in novella “The overcoat” by N. V. Gogol and their correspondences in English translation. World of the Russian Word, 2018, No. 1, pp. 17–21.
Deng Lijuan. Pragmatic analysis of particles (based on the novel “The Master and Margarita” by M. A. Bulgakov). The World of Science, Culture and Education. 2021, No. 2 (87), pp. 432–435.
Eremina I. S. Establishing English equivalents of Russian êàê áû: Experimental and comparative research based on the material of English and Russian languages. Ph. D. thesis. Pyatigorsk, 2005, 133 p.
Kero Her
Reference:
Sakharov I.A.. Peculiarities of the Borrowed Electric Vehicle Terms Adaptation in Modern French Language // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 9. – P. 112-123. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.38772.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.9.38772
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The object of the study is the borrowed terms in the modern French scientific and technical literature on electric vehicles. The subject of the study is the etymological, functional, morphological, phonetic and semantic characteristics of terms and their influence on the process of their francization. The purpose of the study is to determine the features of the assimilation process and the types of assimilation of the electric vehicle terms borrowed into the French language. Evaluation of the process may be important for understanding the formation of new French terms systems. Special attention is paid to the characteristics of the terms of the electric vehicles, the factors influencing the development of the terms system, the methods of assimilation.
The study concludes that the process of assimilation of borrowed terms of electric vehicle in the French language proceeds under the influence of linguistic and extralinguistic factors. The classifications of borrowed vocabulary are compared to group borrowings according to the degree of assimilation. The borrowed terms with partial assimilation in French change their phonetic and graphic forms, participate in word formation with prefixes and suffixes, may lose their original meaning, and acquire a specific one. Fully assimilated terms are indistinguishable from the native vocabulary, whereas for non-assimilated borrowings, comments or synonyms are required. The study of the assimilation process can be continued by a more detailed study of certain types of assimilation (graphic, phonetic, semantic, etc.) of borrowed terms in the new terms systems in French using the created classifications.
Keywords: international word, barbarism, language policy, English loan word, adaptation, francisation, French language, electric vehicle, Borrowing, term
References:
Bakurova, M.V. (2022). Processes of adaptation of borrowings in Russian language on the example of Spanishisms. The World of Science, Culture, Education, 1 (92), 397-401.
Volkova, M.G. & Kozlova, D.O. (2014). Anglicisms in modern French language (on the material of press). Philological sciences. Issues of theory and practice, 4, 2, 73-76.
Golovin, B.N. & Kobrin, R.Y. (1987). Linguistic bases of the doctrine of terms: textbook for philological special high schools. Moscow: High School.
Grinev-Grinevich, S.V. (2008). Terminology: Textbook for Students of Higher Education Institutions. Moscow: Academia Publishing Center.
Ermolatiy, L.A. & Azarenkova, T.A. (2006). Mechanisms of adaptation and assimilation of loanwords in the modern French language. In Pagan. Education. Culture, 23-28.
Zherebilo, T.V. (2010). Dictionary of Linguistic Terms. 5-th edition, revised and supplemented. Nazran: LLC "Pilgrim".
Kozlova, D. O. & Mymrina, D. F. & Volkova, M. G. (2016). The adaptation of anglicisms to
Reference:
Papchenko M.. On the role of function words in the transmission of implicit information (based on the material of German commercial advertising) // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 8. – P. 204-213. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38011.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38011
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The object of the study is the techniques of entering implicit information into the advertising text, the most common in German commercial advertising. The transfer of implicit information is considered as one of the most effective means of influencing the consumer and managing his purchasing behavior. Following foreign and domestic researchers, implicit information is understood in the line of linguistic pragmatics as an additional content of the statement, resulting from the creative interpretation of data expressed explicitly. Special attention is paid to such non-content parts of speech as prepositions and conjunctions, as well as their functions to generate additional meanings necessary for the addresser, by passing the addressee's critical thinking.   The novelty of the research lies in the appeal to the functional words and the consideration of their pragmatic influencing potential, undertaken for the first time. The analysis of the use of some prepositions and conjunctions in specific contexts shows that their use generates a significant number of additional meanings of the advertising statement. At the same time, the meanings embedded in an advertising message with the help of functional words, as a rule, represent conceptual or emotional arguments of an evaluative nature in favor of acquiring an advertising object. Since such arguments mostly have no convincing grounds, the authors of advertising texts need to send information so that it is not subjected to analytical comprehension by the reader. It is for this purpose that techniques for entering implicit information serve, including as a result of the use of functional parts of speech.
Keywords: advertising communication, linguistic pragmatics, critical thinking, logical consequences, semantic presuppositions, functional parts of speech, persuasion, implicit information, advertising argument, syntactic relation
References:
Grise, H. P. (1985). Logic and conversation. In M.N. Ufimzeva (Ed.), New in Foreign Linguistics. XVI. Linguistic Pragmatics (pp. 217-237). Moscow: Progress.
Pirogova, Y. K. Parshin, P. B. (2000). The Advertising Text: semiotics and linguistics. Moscow: Grabelnikov Publishing House.
Demjankov, V. Z. (2006). To the technics of understanding implicitness of conversation. In S.S. Vaulina (Ed.) Semantic and Discursive Studies of Language: Explicitness / Implicitness of Expression of Meaning (pp. 34-52). Kaliningrad: Kant RGU Publishing.
Demjankov, V. Z.(1981). Logical aspects of semantic studies of sentence. In F. M. Berezin (Ed.) Problems of Linguistic Semantics (pp. 115-132). Moscow: RAN Publishing.
Arutjunova, N. D. (1973). The concept of presupposition in linguistics. In Izvestia AN USSR. Volume 32, N1 (pp. 84-89).
Issers, O. S. (2009). Persuasion. Moscow: Flinta.
Müller, S (2019). Die Syntax-Pragmatik-Schnittstelle : ein Studienbuch. Tübingen: Narr Francke Attempto.
Padu
Reference:
Tang Y., Du Z.. A field method of studying the tropes in compliments to female representatives in the speech of Chinese youth // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 8. – P. 214-223. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38435.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38435
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This paper is devoted to the lexical-semantic characteristics of lexical units of feminine compliments with the use of tropes in modern Chinese speech of young people youth. “Trope” is understood as a word or a phrase that is used in a way that is different from its usual meaning. This paper uses the semantic field method, divided feminine compliments in Chinese youth speech into 6 lexical-semantic groups. Particular attention is paid to the original objects of tropes in LSG in order to analyze the model of tropes (in particular, metaphor and metonymy). In addition, the paper compared similar lexical units with the use of tropes in Chinese and Russian youth speech. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that this paper built up a semantic field of positive characteristics of the female gender in Chinese youth speech, made an attempt to identify lexical-semantic characteristics of tropes in youth speech. As a result of the study, the following conclusions are made: 1) Tropes are important methods of developing the meaning of words / phrases, which are observed with high frequency in youngs speech. 2) The formation of tropes is closely connected with segments of reality around youth, which reflect the peculiar worldview of youth, subcultures and pop-cultures they are interested in, as well as the development of society as a whole.
Keywords: Chinese language, hyperbole, metonymy, trope, metaphor, semantic field, female gender, compliment, youth speech, Russian language
References:
Wang, Lei.(2012). Xinhu Dictionary of Internet Slangs. Beijing: The Commercial Press.
Ding, Xin. (2008). New Russian-Chinese Slang Dictionary. Shanghai: Shanghai Translation Publishing House.
Karaulov, YU.N. (1976). General and Russian ideography. Moscow: nauka.
Kuznet︠s︡ova Ė.V. (1989). Lexicology of the Russian language. Moscow: Vysshai︠a︡ shkola.
Matveeva, T.V. (2014). Uchebnyĭ slovarʹ : russkiĭ i︠a︡zyk, kulʹtura rechi, stilistika, ritorika [Teaching Dictionary. Russian Language. Culture of Speech. Stylistics. Rhetoric]. Moscow: Izd-vo "Flinta".
Morozova, O.E. (2019). Vol. 2, part 2 Youth jargon of Arkhangelsk 1996-2018). Arkhangelsk: SAFU.
Novikov, I. A. (1982). Semantics of Russian Language. Moscow: Vysshai︠a︡ shkola.
Ozhegov, S. I., & Shvedova, N. I. (2006). Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language. Moscow: ABC.
The Dictionary of Modern Chinese. Beijing: The Commercial Press. 2016. 1
Reference:
Sakharov I.A.. Development and Peculiarities of Electric Vehicle Terms Standardization in French Language // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 8. – P. 224-235. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38559.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38559
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The study deals with normative and linguistic peculiarities electric vehicle terms standardization in French language on international, national, branch, and linguistic levels, as well as their proper development. It examines articles on term standardization in French language, identifies and describes stages of term standardization of a new term system of electric vehicle and presents schematically the results. The study is novel in that it systematically describes the contribution of international and national bodies, branch and linguists associations performing purposeful activities on harmonization of the electric vehicle term system in French language. These activities includes several stages and considers the characteristic of a term. The obtained results can be used to evaluate the current state of terms standardization in term systems being formed for further adjustment of methods and approaches of standardization. An elaborated scheme and comparison of the types of a term give an insight into similarities and differences on term standardization in France. The study can be continued by examining linguistic and extralinguistic peculiarities of the standardization process for each level.
Keywords: electric vehicle, terminology, term system, terms, language norm, language policy, harmonization, Standardization, transport, French language
References:
Zakrailova B.R. YAzykovaya politika gosudarstva i problemy normirovaniya // Veles. 2016. ¹ 11-2 (41). S. 21-26.
Kijo E. Adaptaciya francuzskogo yazyka k social'nym realiyam i potrebnostyam grazhdan (mekhanizm obogashcheniya) // Medi@l'manah. 2020. ¹6 (101). S. 188-201.
Klokov V.T. Francuzskij yazyk v usloviyah angloyazychnoj ekspansii // Izvestiya Saratovskogo universiteta. Novaya seriya. Seriya «Filologiya. ZHurnalistika». 2017. ¹1. S. 45-48.
Ven'czya L. Standarty professional'nyh perevodcheskih ob"edinenij v Kitae, Evrope, Rossii // Mir nauki, kul'tury, obrazovaniya. 2020. ¹6 (85). S. 520-523.
Molnar A.A. Terminologiya i norma: standartizaciya terminosistem (na materiale francuzskogo yazyka) // Vestnik Moskovskogo gosudarstvennogo lingvisticheskogo universiteta. 2010. ¹589. S. 109-125.
Pashaeva G.B. Osnovnye principy i mery unifikacii terminov // Vestnik LGU im. A.S. Pushkina. 2015. ¹2. S. 137-143.
Petrushchenkova L.YU. Vklad francuzskih lingvistov v razvitie terminovedeniya // Roman
Reference:
Alhaded H.H., Shavtikova A., Savalkha O.N.. Methodology of analysis of directive speech acts in English and Arabic academic discourse // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 8. – P. 24-32. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38567.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38567
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article presents the author's methodology for analyzing directive speech acts in English and Arabic academic discourse, developed during the writing of the author's dissertation research. The purpose of the article is to describe and confirm the effectiveness of the methodology for analyzing directive speech acts within the framework of two academic discourses. In addition to substantiating the choice of research methods and respondent groups, the article presents a written discursive test with situational examples developed on the basis of the classification of directive speech acts by J. Serle (1979). We propose the study of directive speech acts from the point of view of grammatical, cultural, social and lexical aspects. The purpose of this article is an attempt to propose the author's methodology for analyzing directive speech acts in a comparative aspect within the framework of academic discourse functioning in English and Arabic. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that earlier in Russian and foreign linguistics, no attempts were made to develop a methodology for analyzing directive speech acts in a comparative perspective of English and Arabic. In conclusion, the author makes a conclusion about the effectiveness of the proposed method of analysis, and also notes the prospects for further research on the proposed topic. The results of the article can be used in the compilation of methodological complexes for teaching comparative linguistics, as well as courses on discourse analysis in higher educational institutions.
Keywords: written discursive test, communication failure, intercultural communication, linguistic culture, communication style, analysis methodology, English language, Arabic language, academic discourse, directive speech act
References:
Alkhaded Kh.Kh., Shavtikova A.T., Meray M.I. — Sociocultural features of the Arabic academic discourse // Litera.-2022.-No. 4.-P. 19-26. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.4.37759 URL: https://nbpublish.com/library_read_article.php?id=37759
Bogdanova O. Yu., Leonov S. A., Chertov V. F. Methods of teaching literature. – 1999. P.55.
Pavlova A.V. Cognitive and pragmatic aspects of the speech act of request in artificial bilingualism. The dissertation of the candidate of philological sciences-10.02.19. Kursk, 2018. Ð. 1-142.
Riehakainen Elena Igorevna Methods of studying the speech act of request: psycholinguistic approach in comparison with sociolinguistic // Socio-and psycholinguistic research. 2017. No. 7 URL: https://cyberleninka.ru/article/n/methody-izucheniya-rechevogo-akta-prosby-psiholingvisticheskiy-podhod-v-sopostavlenii-s-sotsiolingvisticheskim (date of access: 07/10/2022).
Fokina K. V., Kostycheva N. V., Ternova L. N. Methods of teaching a foreign language. Uch. Benefit.-2008. Ð. 12-43.
Reference:
Xu X., Tokarchuk I.N.. The main types of usage of a multifunctional word "literally" in modern Russian // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 8. – P. 236-249. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38594.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38594
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The object of this study is a polyfunctional word "literally". The subject of the study is the semantic and syntactic features of this lexeme, which determine its multifunctional character. The relevance of the research is due to its inclusion in the problems of studying the phenomenon of polyfunctionality in modern Russian. The purpose of the work is to establish the main types of use of the word literally, their morphological, syntactic, semantic qualification. From the point of view of pragmatics, the authors describe in detail the multifunctional lexeme literally, taking into account three grammatical implementations. The article comprehensively examines the syntagmatic characteristics of this unit using examples selected from the National Corpus of the Russian language. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the fact that it presents for the first time all grammatical implementations of the word literally and their semantic and syntactic variants. It is established that the lexeme literally in modern Russian has three grammatical implementations: a short adjective of the neuter gender, an adverb and a particle, which differ based on syntactic properties and functions, but have an invariant semantic component ‘exact correspondence to words / the meaning of words’. It is proved that the main types of use of this word are an adverb and a particle connected by an intraverbial antonymy. The specificity of the types of adverb usage is determined up to the expansion of its syntagmatic and semantic possibilities. The revealed differences between the two types of particle use are syntagmatic and pragmatic. The results of the study can be used both in the study of other multifunctional units and in lexicographic practice.
Keywords: homonyms, syntagmatics, pragmatics, semantics, particle, adjective name, adverb, multifunctional words, polyfunctionality, type of use
References:
Active dictionary of the Russian language. Vol. 1. Ed.-in-chief Yu. D. Apresyan. Moscow, Iazyki slavianskoi kul'tury, 2014, 408 p.
Babaeva E. E. Formation of the semantic structure of the word ïðîñòîé in Russian. Language picture of the world and system lexicography. Ed.-in-chief Yu. D. Apresyan. Ìoscow, Iazyki slavianskikh kul'tur, 2006, pp. 761–843.
Big explanatory dictionary of the Russian language. Ed.-in-chief S. A. Kusnetsov. Saint Petersberg, Norint, 2001, 1536 p.
Borisova E. G. Discourse markers used of governing understanding of texts. Computational Linguistics and Intellectual Technologies. Proceedings of the Annual International Conference “Dialogue”. 2012, Iss. 11, pp. 93–104.
Vinogradov V. V. Russian language (grammatical doctrine of the word). Moscow: Vysshaia shkola, 1972, 613 p.
Deng Lijuan. Pragmatic analysis of particles (based on the novel “The Master and Margarita” by M. A. Bulgakov). The World of Science, Culture and Education. 2021, No. 2 (87). pp. 432–435.
Ivanov
Reference:
Sorokina E.E.. Functional and stylistic features of C. S. Lewis' sermons // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 8. – P. 81-90. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38663.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.8.38663
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The relevance of the article is due to the relatively small study of the issue of assessing the functional and stylistic features of C. S. Lewis' sermons in modern Russian science. The purpose of this article is to study the preaching addresses of C. S. Lewis from the standpoint of functional stylistics. The object of this work is the sermons of C. S. Lewis, delivered in various churches and at religious meetings, published subsequently as an essay in 1949, the subject is their features from the point of view of functional stylistics, manifested through various techniques. Such methods of work as analytical and descriptive were used in the study. The scientific novelty lies in the consideration of the functional and stylistic features of the texts of C. S. Lewis on the example of sermons, as well as the search for elements of appeal in these works. The conducted research indicates that the sermons of C. S. Lewis are characterized by certain functional and stylistic features expressed by a variety of techniques. Among them are various quotations (from Holy Scripture and fiction), allusions to the above-mentioned works, outdated and high-style forms of words, borrowings, various kinds of analogies and comparisons, as well as various rhetorical techniques (diacopes, hypophores), rhetorical questions, repetitions. In addition, these are various appellative constructions, including various verbs with imperative modality, the so-called "we-constructions", various types of complex conditional sentences. The analysis of these functional and stylistic features allows us to illustrate the position of C. S. Lewis and his understanding of the Christian faith in the context of contemporary life.
Keywords: allusion, quote, functional style, Jesus Christ, God, The Bible, Christianity, sermon, Clive Staples Lewis, appeal
References:
Krysin, L.P. Religious and preaching style and its place in the functional and stylistic paradigm of the modern Russian literary language // Poetics. Stylistics. Language and culture / In memory of T.G. Vinokur. — M., 1996
Krylova, O. A. Church-religious style. // Stylistic encyclopedic dictionary of the Russian language. — Moscow: Nauka: Flinta Publishers, 2003. — 694 p.
Sermon // The Literary Glossary. Retrieved from: https://litpr.ru/propoved
Lewis, C. S. Transposition and Other Addresses. / C. S. Lewis. – London: Geoffrey Bles, 1949. — 81 p.
Biblical reference (KJV) — The Gospel according to John 2:1 – 12
Biblical reference (KJV) — St Paul’s 1st Epistle to the Corinthians 10:31
Theologia Germanica. Retrieved from: https://ccel.org/ccel/anonymous/theologia/theologia.v.XLII.html
Biblical reference (KJV) — The Gospel according to Matthew 16:24
Biblical reference (KJV) — The Gospel according to Luke 9:23
Keats, John. Endymion. Retrieved from: https://www.poetryfoundation.or
Reference:
Hu Y.. The opposition "justice – injustice" in Russian and Chinese paroemias // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 7. – P. 120-131. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.36480.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.36480
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article is devoted to the analysis of the binary opposition "justice – injustice" on the material of Russian and Chinese paroemias in the linguoculturological aspect.
Russian Russian linguistic and cultural analysis was carried out against the background of the Chinese language in order to identify the national and cultural specifics of the selected paremiological units in the Russian language and Chinese worldview. The object of the study is Russian paroemias that verbalize the opposition "justice – injustice". The subject of the study is the linguistic and cultural specificity of the analyzed Russian proverbs and sayings against the background of the Chinese language. Russian Russian dictionaries of proverbs and sayings, phraseological dictionaries of the Chinese language, illustrative material presented on the website of the National Corpus of the Russian Language serve as the material of the study (www.ruscorpora.ru ) and other Internet resources. The description of the oppositional attitude is appropriate when studying paremia, since the expression of moral values through the opposite attitude is of particular interest when studying the linguistic picture of the world.
The work carried out a semantic analysis of key lexemes, highlighted different situations in which there is or is not a sign of justice, and also made some specific observations and conclusions about the functioning of these paroemias in literary and journalistic texts.
The developed materials can be used in reading special courses on phraseology and intercultural communication, as well as in the practice of teaching Russian as a foreign language.
Keywords: proverb, functioning, linguistic and cultural analysis, semantic analysis, injustice, justice, paremia, opposition, sayings, paremiological unit
References:
Kuznetsova S. A. Sovremennyy tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka / Pod red. S. A. Kuznetsova. – SPb., 2001. –1536 s.
Ushakova D. N. Tolkovyy slovar' russkogo yazyka / pod red. D. N. Ushakova. M.: Gos. izd-vo inostrannykh i natsional'nykh slovarey, 1940. T. 4. –1500 s.
Baranov A. N., Dobrovol'skiy L. O. Osnovy frazeologii (kratkiy kurs).-2-e izd., ster.-M.: Flinta, 2014. – 312 s.
Mokienko V. M. Sovremennaya paremiologiya (lingvisticheskie aspekty) // Mir russkogo slova. – 2010.-¹ 3. – S. 6–20.
Filosofskiy entsiklopedicheskiy slovar' / red.-sost. E. F. Gubskiy, G. V. Korableva, V. A. Lutchenko. M.: INFRA-M, 1997. 576 s. (FES)
Trubetskoy N. S. Osnovy fonologii. M.: Aspekt Press, 2000. −352 s.
Novikov L. A. Semantika russkogo yazyka: Uchebnoe posobie / L.A. Novikov. – M.: Vysshaya shkola, 1982. – 272 s.
Likhachev D. S. Kontseptosfera russkogo yazyka. // Russkaya slovesnost': ot teorii slovesnosti k strukture teksta: Antologiya / In-t narodov Rossii, Obshchestvo lyubiteley rossiyskoy slovesnosti; Pod obshch. red. V.P. Ner
Reference:
Arkhipova D.I., Sobyanina V.A.. Verbalisation of impoliteness in comments of German politicians in Instagram news posts // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 7. – P. 19-29. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.38351.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.38351
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article focuses on the description of impoliteness in computer-mediated communication. The purpose of the study is to identify markers of verbal aggression a way of expressing impoliteness and to analyse the ways in which they are implemented. The material for this study was German-language comments under the Instagram posts of the largest German parties and German politicians who participated in the German Federal Chancellor elections (2021). As the main methods of research were used linguopragmatic and linguocultural types of analysis. In addition, this paper includes a continuous sampling of comments that contain signs of implicit and/or explicit verbal aggression. Then was done a contextual analysis of the selected comments. The analysis revealed that implicit and explicit types of verbal aggression are equally common in the comments under political figures' Instagram posts, and that both types of verbal aggression can be used simultaneously by the authors in the same comment. The most frequent lexical and grammatical means of implementation of verbal aggression were also distinguished. The conclusions drawn during the research can be used in further studies that focus on the peculiarities of realisation of verbal aggression in computer communication as well as in those that focus on speech culture in a computer-mediated communication.
Keywords: insult, invectives, comment, Instagram, computer communication, explicit verbal aggression, implicit verbal aggression, impoliteness, political discourse, German language
References:
Leading countries based on Instagram audience size as of January 2022. 08. 03. 2022 // Statista: [sajt]. URL : https://www.statista.com/statistics/578364/countries-with-most-instagram-users/#statisticContainer (data obrashcheniya: 30.06.2022)
Terkourafi M. Toward a unified theory of politeness, impoliteness and rudeness / Terkourafi M. // Impoliteness in Language. Studies on its Interplay with Power in Theory and Practice (eds. Bousfield D., Locher M.). – Berlin, N.Y.: Mouton de Gruyter, 2008. – 356 p.
Hodulik P. Racist speech on campus // Wayne Law Review, 1991. No37
Morozova E. B. Agressiya v bytovoj kommunikacii: situaciya gost' «gost' hozyain» v russkom yazyke i russkoj kul'ture: sb. nauk. rabot. — CHelyabinsk: CHelyab. gos. un. 2005. — S. 67-80
Stilisticheskij enciklopedicheskij slovar' russkogo yazyka / red. M. N. Kozhina; red. kol. E. A. Bazhenova, M. P. Kotyurova, A. P. Skovorodnikov.-M. : Flinta : Nauka, 2003.-694 s.
ZHel'vis V.I. Pole brani. Skvernoslovie kak social'n
Reference:
Bakanova A.V., Terentieva E.D.. Means of artistic expression in the language of Spanish folklore // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 7. – P. 132-143. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.38364.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.7.38364
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article examines the traditional means of artistic expression in Spanish folklore texts. The subject of the study is hyperbole, antithesis, comparison, constant epithet, which play a special role in the language of Spanish folklore. The distinctive features of the artistic system of folklore are the use of tropes at all levels of narration, the dependence of the stylistic design of the text on genre specifics, the predominance of a special polyexpressive, harmonic style in most folklore works. In addition, each genre of folklore has a functional and emotional characteristic, a special intonation, the creation of which is aimed at using the means of artistic expression. The types of tropes analyzed in the article are traditional and typical of Spanish folklore texts and illustrate the specifics of folklore allegory and artistic expressiveness. The conclusions of the study are based on the analysis of the artistic system and linguistic features of small and large genre forms of Spanish folklore. The minor intonation of a Spanish lullaby (canciones de cuna, monerías nanas), filled with repetitions, comparisons and personifications, differs from the major character of game and dance-song folklore (juegos, cancioncillas, ruedas, bailes), where the use of dialogical form, shouts and imperative mood, special rhyme and accents. The imagery of Spanish proverbs and sayings (proverbios, refranes) is expressed in the use of various artistic techniques with a general sententious character – metaphors, metonymy and synecdoche, syntactic parallelism, rhyme, alliteration. For Spanish riddles (enigmas, adivinanzas), comparison, metaphor, hyperbole, antithesis, onomatopoeia are common. In counting and drawing lots (comienzos de juego), rhyme and rhythm, the use of interjections and exclamations come to the fore. In larger forms of Spanish folklore, such as a fairy tale, there is a constant epithet, hyperbole, repetition, fairy tripling. Spanish folklore tends to use hyperbole and antithesis as the most frequent stylistic figures, as well as the main plot-forming and compositional techniques.
Keywords: repetition, antithesis, figure of speech, genres of folklore, hyperbole, spanish folklore, means of artistic expression, Spanish, comparison, metaphor
References:
Anikin V. P. (2004). Òåîðèÿ ôîëüêëîðà [Theory of Folklore]. Moscow, Russia: Author.
Anikin V. P. (2004). Òåîðèÿ ôîëüêëîðíîé òðàäèöèè è åå çíà÷åíèå äëÿ èñòîðè÷åñêîãî èññëåäîâàíèÿ áûëèí [Theory of folklore tradition and its significance for historical research of epics]. Moscow, Russia: Author.
Library of Russian Folklore. Children's folklore. (2002). Moscow, Russia.
Dolzhenkova V. V. (2019). Ëåêñèêî-ñåìàíòè÷åñêèå îñîáåííîñòè èñïàíñêîé óñòíîé ðå÷è [Lexico-semantic features of Spanish oral speech]. Questions of Ibero-Romanistics. Issue 17. Moscow, Russia, 185–194.
Zueva T. V., Kirdan B. P. (2003). Ðóññêèé ôîëüêëîð [Russian folklore]. Moscow, Russia: Author.
Kutkova A.V. (2021). Ðå÷åâûå ñòåðåîòèïû ïîääåðæàíèÿ êîíòàêòà: ñåìàíòèêî-ïðàãìàòè÷åñêèé àñïåêò [Speech stereotypes of maintaining contact: semantic and pragmatic aspect]. Questions of Ibero-Romanistics. Issue 18. Moscow, Russia, 130–140.
Kutkova A.V. (2022). Doy las Mas Fervientes Gracias: ìåêñèêàíñêèå ðåòàáëî êàê îáúåêò ëèíãâîêóëüòóðîë
Reference:
Grigoryev D.Y.. Some ways and means of expressing initiality in the conditions of semantic undifferentiation of the verbal vocabulary of the Dari language // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 6. – P. 183-190. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.35916.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.35916
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of this study is the means and methods of expressing the category of the beginning of action and the beginning in the conditions of semantic undifferentiation of verbal vocabulary in the Dari language. The object of the study is the grammatical structure of the Dari language, characterized by little study.
The categories of the beginning of action and beginnings in the Dari language can be expressed in various ways, for example, with the help of a certain set of means – lexical and syntactic constructions in which syntactic, morphological means and the lexical meaning of the verbs themselves interact. These aspects are discussed in detail by the author in this article. The material of this study may be of interest to specialists in the field of theory and practice of translation. The main conclusions of the study are: the means of expressing the initiality of action, which in the Russian language constitute a significant semantic grouping of verbs of the corresponding method of verbal action, in the Dari language are almost completely tied to other levels of the linguistic structure and include elements of the morphological and word-formation levels of the language. A special contribution of the author to the research of the topic is a detailed consideration of the means and ways of expressing the category of beginnings in the conditions of semantic undifferentiation of verbal vocabulary in the Dari language. The novelty of the research is associated with a detailed consideration of the complex of lexical and syntactic constructions that can be used to express the meaning of the beginning in the Dari language.
Keywords: start category, classification of verbs, comparative linguistics, semantics, Russian, dari language, grammatical means, verb, the category of beginnings, internal form of the language
References:
Arslanbekov A.I. Istoriya razvitiya persidskogo yazyka. Uchebnoe posobie po kursu «Istoriya yazyka i vvedenie v spetsfilologiyu». M.: Voennyy universitet, 2008. 224 s.
Ivanov V.B. Uchebnik persidskogo yazyka (dlya 1-go goda obucheniya) / pod red. A. Akbaripura. M.: Sadra, 2016. 417 s.
Kiseleva L.N., Mikolaychik V.I. Dari-russkiy slovar'. M.: Russkiy yazyk, 1978. 744 s.
Lebedev K.A., Yatsevich L.S., Konarovskiy M.A. Russko-pushtu-dari slovar': ok. 20000 slov. M.: Drofa: Russkiy yazyk media, 2009. 725 s.
Mikolaychik V.I. Kurs lektsiy po osnovam teoreticheskoy grammatiki persidskogo yazyka. M.: VKI, 1980. 359 s.
Reference:
Zhao P.. Spelling of the particle "by" in the history of Russian writing: hyphenated spelling as a stage in the formation of the norm // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 6. – P. 191-197. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.37337.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.37337
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the hyphenation of the particle "by(b)" in the XIX century. The purpose of the article is to establish a codified and customary spelling norm, trace its dynamics and find out what role the hyphenated use of the particle played at this stage. The codification of the spelling of the particle is presented in 2 editions of the Dictionary of the Academy of the Russian Federation of 1789-1794 and 1806-1822 and in the Dictionary of Church Slavonic and Russian of 1847, as well as in the recommendations of grammars of the XIX century. The material of dictionaries is also considered as a source of information about the usual use of particles. The Usus is established by the method of continuous sampling on the material placed in the "National Corpus of the Russian language" (a subcorpus of texts in the old spelling). As a result of the analysis of the usage and texts of dictionaries of the XIX century, the instability of this section of the spelling system of Russian writing throughout the XIX century was revealed. The Dictionary of the Russian Academy normalizes separate spellings of "by (b)", and separate and merged uses vary in the text of the dictionary, hyphens are not found. However, throughout the XIX century, the particle "by (b)" is written in the use of a hyphen, although the number of separate spellings exceeds the number of hyphens. Ya.K. Groth, having analyzed the patterns of use of the particle "by (b)", finally legalized its separate spelling in works of an analytical and codifying nature at the end of the XIX century.
Keywords: development of the norm, codified norm, the usual norm, hyphenated spelling, separate spelling, merged spelling, the spelling of the particle would be, usage and codification, history of Russian writing, spelling standards
References:
Slovar' Akademii Rossiyskoy. Ch. 1 (1789), ch. 2 (1790), ch. 3 (1792), ch. 4 (1793), ch. 6 (1794). SPb.: Pri Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk', 1789–1794.
Slovar' Akademii Rossiyskoy po azbuchnomu poryadku raspolozhennyy. Ch. 1 (1806), ch. 2 (1809), ch. 3 (1814), ch. 5 (1822). SPb.: Pri Imperatorskoy Akademii Nauk', 1806–1822.
Slovar' tserkovnoslavyanskogo i russkogo yazykov Imperatorskoy Akademii nauk. V 4 t. SPb., 1847. [M.: In-t rus. yaz. im. V. V. Vinogradova RAN, 2018]. URL: http://etymolog.ruslang.ru/index.php?act=dict1847 (data obrashcheniya: 10.07.2021).
Natsional'nyy korpus russkogo yazyka (podkorpus tekstov v staroy orfografii) [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://ruscorpora.ru/ index.html (data obrashcheniya: 10.07.2021).
Onatskaya O. I. Stanovlenie defisnogo napisaniya slov v russkom pis'me XVIII – pervoy poloviny XIX veka. Diss. … kand. filol. nauk. M., 2005. 260 s.
Grech N. I. Prakticheskaya russkaya grammatika izdannaya Nikolaem' Grechem'. SPb.: V' tipografii Imperatorskoy Rossiyskoy Akademii, 1827. 578 s.
Grot Ya. K.
Reference:
Skripka V.. The functioning of the pronoun òü (òîòü) in Russian business writing of the XIV-XV centuries. // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 6. – P. 56-65. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38138.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38138
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article examines the functions performed by the demonstrative pronoun òü (òîòü) in business texts of the XIV-XV centuries, written on the territory of the Moscow Principality, Novgorod and Pskov lands. Examples of usages were analyzed and combined on the basis of what function demonstrative pronouns have in each case (anaphoric, articular, determinative function (word-substitute subordinate clause), cataphoric). In the case of an anaphora, an analysis of the antecedent was performed — an expression naming the object, person or situation to which the pronoun refers. Particular attention is paid to the syntactic role of pronouns — substantives, attributives and substantive attributives — and how it affects their use. As a result of the study, three main functions that the pronoun in question performs were identified: anaphoric, articular and determinative function. The specifics of how the syntactic role of pronouns affects its use in an anaphoric function have been clarified: for example, substantives usually refer to objects and situations, but are practically not used to refer to people. Substantive attributes, on the contrary, most often serve to refer to the previously mentioned people and in just one case refer to objects. The first reliable examples of pronouns in the articular function, in our opinion, can be attributed to the XV century. Part of the article is devoted to what features pronouns have in the articular function and how it can be distinguished from anaphora. In the entire corpus of texts considered, only three examples of the cataphoric function of the pronoun were found, and the pronoun òîòü in the deictic function was not recorded at all.
Keywords: correlative words, cataphora, article function, anaphora, contractual documents, spiritual certificates, monuments of business writing, history of demonstrative pronouns, historical morphology, demonstrative pronouns
References:
Cherepnin, L.V. (1950). Testaments and treaties of the great and appanage princes of the 14th–15th cent. Moscow, Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
Valk, S. N. (Ed.). (1949). Manuscripts of Veliky Novgorod and Pskov. Moscow, Leningrad: Izdatel'stvo Akademii Nauk SSSR.
Paducheva, E. V. (1982). The meaning and syntactic functions of the word ýòî. Problems of Structural Linguistics 1980, 76–91.
Paducheva, E. V. (2010). Utterance and its correlation with reality (referential aspects of the semantics of pronouns) (6th ed.). Moscow: Izdatel'stvo LKI.
Paducheva, E. V. (2016). Demonstrative pronouns. In Materials for the project of corpus description of Russian grammar. Retrieved from http://rusgram.ru.
Clark, H. H. (1977). Bridging. In Johnson-Laird, P.N. & Wason, P.C. (Eds.), Thinking: Readings in Cognitive Science (pp. 98–113). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Revzin, I. I. (1973). Some means of expressing opposition by definitiveness in modern Russian. In Zaliznyak, A. A. (E
Reference:
Anisimova A.G., Tikhonova N.Y.. Neologisms: from author use to dictionary entry // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 6. – P. 96-106. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38197.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38197
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: This article is devoted to neologisms and their use in speech. The authors analyze various ways of the appearance of neologisms in speech, ways of their formation. The subject of research is neologisms that appear either together with new concepts, phenomena, historical figures, or when an existing lexical unit expands the old meaning or acquires a new meaning. The purpose of the article is to consider the reasons affecting the stability of neologism in speech, and to identify trends that lead neologism first to stable use in speech, and then, when it becomes a unit of language, to be included in the appropriate dictionaries. The main research methods are descriptive and analytical methods. The scientific novelty of this work lies in the fact that for the first time a number of neologisms and the specifics of their functioning in the language are considered in it. As a result of the work carried out, the reasons why most neologisms disappear from speech are investigated, only some of them fall into the dictionaries of the general literary language, and a very small number of neologisms become terms. It is established that the occurrence of neologisms depends on various social trends and economic factors. At the same time, the formation of a neologism as a unit of language, as well as its development into a terminological unit, is possible only if a number of requirements are met.
Keywords: stability, language unit, terminological unit, term, construction model, connotation, expression plane, content plane, time factor, neologism
References:
Arnol'd I. V. Leksikologiya sovremennogo anglijskogo yazyka: ucheb. posobie. M.: FLINTA: Nauka, 2012. – 376 s.
Bel'kova A. E. Funkcionirovanie neologizmov v internet-resursah: na materiale sajta NoNaMe. Nizhnevartovsk: Izd-vo NVGU, 2018. – 112 s.
Zarajskij A. A. Morfemnaya struktura neologizmov v sovremennom anglijskom yazyke / YAzykovaya i kul'turnaya identichnost' v cifrovuyu epohu: [kol. monografiya] / pod obshch. red. A.A. Zarajskogo. Saratov: Izd. centr «Amirit», 2019. – 162 s.
Kol'cova E. A. Neologizmy anglijskogo yazyka XXI v. // Vestnik Rossijskogo universiteta druzhby narodov. Seriya: Teoriya yazyka. Semiotika. Semantika. 2017. T.8. ¹3. – S. 604-613.
Kotelova N. Z. Izbrannye raboty. Rossijskaya akademiya nauk; Institut lingvisticheskih issledovanij. SPb.: Nestor-Istoriya, 2015. – 276 s.
Peshkova D. YU. Anglijskaya neologiya: sposoby popolneniya vokabulyara na sovremennom etape // Izvestiya Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo pedagogicheskogo universiteta. 2019. ¹ 6 (139). – S. 155-160
Reference:
Potyakailo S.A.. Bibliometric analysis of research paradigms in linguistics // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 6. – P. 129-140. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38210.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38210
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The paper discusses issues related to the bibliometric analysis of current linguistic paradigms in the framework of scientific specialties 10.02.19 – Theory of Language and 10.02.04 – Germanic languages for the period from 2000 to 2020. The subject of the study is the patterns, trends and prospects for the development of current linguistic paradigms. The purpose of the work is to analyze dissertation research of scientific specialties 10.02.04 – Germanic languages and 10.02.19 – Language theory selected using structural bibliometry methods, as well as to identify promising areas for the development of the science of linguistics. In the course of the study, it was possible to substantiate the structure of the transition from one linguistic paradigm to another. Due to the permanently decreasing relevance and the need to study topics identified by keywords defining current linguistic paradigms, as well as the constant regression in publication activity, a crisis is brewing in science, according to which scientists partially or fully cannot substantiate the existing problems, the so-called anomalies, within the framework of the paradigm under study. An undoubted marker of the future bifurcation point, the moment when quantitative will turn into qualitative, is the level of research publications that dropped below the level of 2000 in 2020. The stages of T. Kuhn's theory can be traced throughout the 20s, and the data obtained by bibliometric analysis indicate a crisis in linguistic research.
Keywords: dissertation research, electronic catalog, the scientific revolution, linguistic paradigms, Germanic languages, language theory, bibliometric analysis, bibliometry, development trends, discourse
References:
Akhtaeva, L. A. Scientific discourse as a specific kind of discursive activity // Young scientist.-2010.-No. 7.-S. 144-150.
Belov, V. A. The specifics of the relationship between science and practice in the development of scientific revolutions: specialty 09.00.01 “Ontology and theory of knowledge”: dis. … cand. Phil. Sciences / Belov Vadim Aleksandrovich.-Novosibirsk, 1985.-200 p. – Text: electronic.
Buznik, V. M., Zibareva, I. V. Bibliometric analysis of scientific publications of academician Yu. D. Tretyakov // Nanosystems: physics, chemistry, mathematics.-2013.-No. 1 (4).-S. 14-23.
Burinov, A. M. Scientific revolutions and their role in the development of science: specialty 09.00.01 "Ontology and theory of knowledge": author. dis. … cand. Phil. Sciences / Burinov Artur Mikhailovich.-Rostov-on-Don, 1987.-23 p. – Text: electronic.
Gureev, V. N. Bibliometric analysis as the basis for the formation of a library fund of scientific periodicals: specialty 05.25.03 “Library science, bibliography a
Reference:
Zhou Y.. Linguistic interpretation of "ugliness" of the characters of Russian and Chinese fairy tales // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 6. – P. 198-208. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38287.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38287
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article examines the interpretation of the concept of the ugliness of the external appearance of the characters of the Russian and Chinese fairy tales; analyzes and compares the similarities and differences of the named concept in different linguistic pictures of the world.
Ugliness is considered as a basic universal concept of the aesthetic category inherent in the utilitarian and spiritual needs of people of different nationalities. The object of the study is the concept of ugliness in the linguistic picture of the world, reflected in a fairy tale. The subject of the study was the attributive means characterizing the characters of Russian and Chinese fairy tales; the creation of a semantic classification of representative lexemes, their cultural meanings and connotations. Classical conceptual analysis, which includes etymological, definitional, semantic, comparative types of analysis of key adjectives representing the concept of ugliness, is chosen as methods of practical research. The main conclusions of the conducted linguistic research are that the etymological analysis of the concept of ugliness allowed us to identify the following lexical and semantic groups of adjectives united by the theme "ugliness": ugliness as unattractiveness, ugliness as old age, ugliness as weakness. Based on the analysis of adjectives, it is concluded that the content of the Russian and Chinese concepts of ugliness essentially coincides, but as a result of the influence of national cultures has specific features. Consideration of the concept of "ugliness" in fairy tales in a comparative aspect makes it possible to identify national specifics reflected in the folklore picture of the world. And the novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to analyze the concept of "ugliness" using the material of Russian and Chinese fairy tales. The results of the analysis can be used to study the national folklore and linguistic worldviews of the two peoples.
Keywords: adjectives, aesthetic category, mentality, weakness, old age, unattractiveness, russian fairy tale, chinese fairy tale, ugliness, concept
References:
Tolstoy N.I., Tolstaya S.M. Slavic ethnolinguistics: questions of theory.-M.: Institute of Slavic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2013. 240 p.
Humboldt W. background. Selected works on linguistics / transl. lang. ed. and with preface. G.V. Ramishvili. – M.: Progress, 1984. 397 p.
Popova Z.D., Sternin I.A. Cognitive linguistics: textbook. edition.-M.: AST: East-West, 2007. 315 p.
Ivanova E.V. The world in English and Russian proverbs: Proc. allowance. St. Petersburg: Publishing House of St. Petersburg. un-ta, 2006. 280s.
Kolesov V.V. Language and mentality-St. Petersburg: Petersburg Oriental Studies, 2004. 240 p.
Maslova V.A. The concept of concept from modern linguistics V.A. Introduction to cognitive linguistics. M.: Flinta, Nauka, 2007. 296 p.
Askoldov S. A. Concept and word // Russian literature. From the theory of literature to the structure of the text. Anthology / ed. ed. V. P. Neroznaka. M.: Academia, 1997. S. 267-279.
Karasik, V.I. Language circle: personality,
Reference:
Bai X.. Linguistic creativity in the implementation of the patriotic rhetoric in Chinese media discourse // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 5. – P. 31-42. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37918.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37918
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is the tools of linguistic and discursive creativity that implement the patriotic rhetoric in Chinese official state media. The purpose of the study is to identify the key creative linguistic tools and features of their use in the implementation of the patriotic rhetoric in Chinese media discourse. To achieve this goal, the following research methods are used: classification, lexical and syntactic analysis, cognitive-semantic method, descriptive method. The article describes the associative features of the concept PATRIOTISM in the Chinese linguistic worldview. Particular attention is paid to creative linguistic mechanisms in expressing and accentuating patriotic meanings. In the process of linguistic analysis, an explication of the combined use of folk wisdom, proverbs, sayings of thinkers of ancient China and historical allusions is carried out. As a result, it has been proved that a multifaceted creative language strategy is used for implementing the rhetoric of patriotism. The main conclusions of the study are that parallel constructions enhance the semantic and emotional information in the implementation of the patriotic rhetoric in Chinese media discourse; the military metaphor is often used when external threats appear; in reflecting the ideas of solidarity and the image of the great overcoming, the existing two-character words are creatively reorganized to form new four-character words to express nuances of word meaning and emotion. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive analysis of the ways of creative linguistic use for the implementation of the patriotic rhetoric in the authentic linguistic material of Chinese media discourse. The results can be used in the process of intercultural communication and the development of special courses about Chinese media, and can also promote communication and cooperation between politicians, journalists and linguists.
Keywords: the image of the great overcoming, the idea of solidarity, the war metaphor, parallelism, Chinese media discourse, the rhetoric of patriotism, patriotism, linguistic creativity, folk wisdom, historical allusion
References:
Arekeeva, Yu. E. (2020). Chengyu in the system of Chinese phraseology and paremiology. Eurasian Humanitarian Journal, 1, 21–29.
Gao Tian (2017). The concept of patriotism in contemporary political metaphor (a study on Russian and Chinese political texts). Tribune of young scientists: Questions of psycholinguistics, 4(34), 160-173.
Gridina, T. A. (1996). The language game: stereotype and creativity. Ekaterinburg: Publishing house of USPU.
Davydova S. V.(2011). ßçûê ñðåäñòâ ìàññîâîé èíôîðìàöèè [Media language]. Lingua mobilis, 2(28), 93-96.
Chinese-poetry. [Electronic resource] // URL: https://chinese-poetry.ru/poems.php?action=show&poem_id=3708 (Date of access: 03.27.2022)
Kshenovskaya, U. L.(2020). Cognitive-discursive nature of Linguocreativity. Eurasian Humanitarian Journal, 2, 16–21.
Gridina, T. A. (Ed.). (2013). Linguistics of creativity-1(2nd ed.). Ekaterinburg: Publishing house of USPU.
Gridina, T. A. (Ed.). (2012). Linguistics of creativity-2(2nd ed.). Ekaterinburg: FSBEI HP
Reference:
Naumova K.M.. On the Question of changing the Chinese Language Picture of the World on the example of the functioning of the lexemes jia/ jiating ‘family, home’ // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 5. – P. 198-212. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.35646.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.35646
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The subject of the study is the linguistic and cultural changes in the Chinese language picture of the world on the example of the functioning of the key lexemes for the mentality of the Celestial Empire 家 jia/ 家 庭 jiatin ‘family, home'. The material for the work was lexicographic sources of the last 40 years, as well as two constantly updated online buildings (the Chinese Language Building of the University of Leeds and the Balanced Modern Chinese Language Building). The data obtained in the course of the study are systematized and grouped according to the principle of their lexical compatibility with other units. A special contribution of the author to the chosen topic is the presented table of the most frequent collocations. In addition, attempts have been made to describe the semantic field of the concept "jia"/ "family, home", noting modern language trends, as well as to trace the Chinese attitude to family values in retrospect. The novelty of the work consists in a comprehensive linguoculturological approach to the consideration of the lexemes 家 jia/ 家庭 jiatin ‘family, home'. The study showed that, due to the influence of Western liberal democratic values on modern Chinese society over the past thirty years, in particular, on intra-family relations, relations between parents and children, there has been a noticeable shift in the assessment and interpretation of the concept of "family" in the Chinese language. On the one hand, under the influence of the historical events of the XX century, some designations of family groups and clans went out of use, the situation of women and the economic situation in the country as a whole changed, which also led to the emergence of numerous new neologisms fixing these extralinguistic transformations. On the other hand, the older generation and the leadership of the CPC continue to promote the traditional approach to family values, which also illustrates the language material of the corpora.
Keywords: globalization, family, house, language shifts, chinese culture, language picture of the world, China, linguoculturology, corpus data, chinese society
References:
Bol'shoy kitaysko-russkiy slovar' / Pod rukovodstvom i redaktsiey prof. I.M. Oshanina: V 4 t. – M.: Glavnaya redaktsiya vostochnoy literatury, 1983-1984.
Kislov A. V., Kolpachkova E. N. Vliyanie Interneta na sovremennyy kitayskiy yazyk // Komp'yuternaya lingvistika i vychislitel'nye ontologii. Vyp. 1. 2017. – S. 72-86.
Kitaysko-russkiy slovar': okolo 60 000 slov / Z. I. Baranova, V. E. Gladtskov, V. A. Zhavoronkov, B. G. Mudrov ; pod red. B. G. Mudrova. 2-e izd. M.: Rus. yaz., 1988. – 528 s.
Kitaysko-russkiy slovar', ispr. izd-e, pod. red. Sya Chzhun'i, M.: Veche, 2005. – 1280 s.
Korpus kitayskogo yazyka Lidskogo universiteta [Elektronnyy resurs]. URL: http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/internet.html (data obrashcheniya: 02.06.2020 g.)
Kryukov M. V. Sistema rodstva kitaytsev (evolyutsiya i zakonomernosti). M.: «NAUKA», 1972. – 328 s.
Kryukov M.V., Malyavin V.V., Sofronov M.V., Cheboksarov N.N. Etnicheskaya istoriya kitaytsev v XIX – nachale XKh veka. – M.: Nauka. Izd. «Vostochnaya literatura», 1993. – 413 s.
Kupriyanova Yu. A., Gun Min. S
Reference:
Gladkova O.K.. The ratio of the categories "assessment" and "friend-foe" in English travel notes of the XIX century // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 5. – P. 122-133. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.35812.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.35812
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the ratio of the categories "assessment" and "friend-foe" in the texts of English-language travel notes. The author and potential reader of travel notes are representatives of their own culture, and the described image of Russians is "alien". It is shown that the image of the "alien" is presented in many words using the concepts of "other" and "other". The opposition "friend-foe" expands, forming a quadriadum "friend: other, other, alien". Each member of the quadriad exhibits a different degree of axiological intensity. "Other" means a neutral or positive assessment, "other" - a neutral assessment, "alien" - a negative assessment. Special attention is paid to the subjectivity of the author's assessment of not his own culture. Evaluation can vary depending on various extralinguistic factors. As a result of the study, the gradual nature of the "friend-foe" opposition and its axiological marking were established. The author's perception of the new culture does not consist only of the extreme values of "own" = "good", "alien" - "bad". The evaluation of "one's own" and "someone else's" is not stable: "one's own" can be both positive and negative. The assessment of the "stranger" is also capable of changing from negative to neutral or negative. The change of cultural realities during the author's journey sets the evaluative orientation of the category and fixes it on the evaluation scale - "other" - "neutral", "other" - "good", "alien" -"bad".
The complex of lexical means that explicitly or implicitly axiologically mark the opposition "friend-foe" was also analyzed.
This article for the first time analyzes the ratio of the categories "assessment" and "friend-foe" on the material of English travel notes of the XIX century. The genre of travel notes best illustrates the author's presence in another culture, as a result of which the border between "one's own" and "someone else's" is actualized.
Keywords: travel notes, gradality, other, another, alien, mine, estimation, category, axiology, author
References:
Bogomazova V. V. Kommunikativnaya kategoriya «chuzhdost'» v sudebnom diskurse: avtoref. dis. … kand. filol. Nauk Volgograd, 2015. 24 s.
Boldyrev, N.N. Yazyk kak interpretiruyushchiy faktor poznaniya / N.N. Boldyrev // Interpretatsiya mira v yazyke: kollektivnaya monografiya / nauch. red. N.N. Boldyrev. – Tambov: TGU, 2017. – S. 19–81.
Bochegova, N. N. Etnopsikhologicheskie kharakteristiki kontseptual'nogo prostranstva teksta // Izvestiya RGPU im. A.I. Gertsena. 2006. ¹21-1. S. 78-90
Vol'f E.N. Funktsional'naya semantika otsenki. M. : Editorial URSS, 2002. 280 s.
Gasanova I. M. Yazykovye sredstva izobrazheniya samoidentifikatsii lichnosti v postkolonial'nom romane XX-XXI vv: dis. … kand. filol. nauk. S-Pb, 2013. 164 s.
Golovchenko I.F. Evolyutsiya zhanra puteshestviya v mirovoy literature // Kul'tura i tsivilizatsiya. 2017. Tom 7. ¹ 1A. S. 180-187.
Dubossarskaya M.L Svoy-chuzhoy-drugoy: k postanovke problemy // Vestnik Stavropol'skogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. 2008. ¹ 54. S. 167-174
Zakharova E. P. Kommunikativnaya kategoriya chu
Reference:
Alhaded H.H., Shavtikova A., Merai M.. Possibility of using a cognitive approach to directive speech acts: case of study of English and Arabic academic discourses // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 5. – P. 43-54. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37801.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37801
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The purpose of the study is to determine the role and degree of use of the cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The article provides an overview of modern theoretical research in the field of speech acts, and also substantiates the use of a cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The relevance of this study lies in the fact that the widespread use of the cognitive approach for the analysis of speech acts in different language groups has not been sufficiently studied, which leads to communication failures between communication participants. The subject of this article is the functioning of the cognitive approach in the study of directive speech acts. The object is the study of directive speech acts on the example of English and Arabic academic discourses using a cognitive approach. Descriptive, contextual, comparative-historical methods are used as the main research methods. The novelty of our research lies in the fact that the widespread use of the cognitive approach for the analysis of speech acts in different language groups has not been sufficiently studied, which leads to communication failures between communication participants. The study of ways to prevent these communication failures is an important component in building global interaction between communication participants both in linguistics and in the world as a whole. Therefore, the relevance of the study of the use of the cognitive approach lies in the need of society to build adequate interaction at various levels. As a result of the conducted research, it is proved that the use of a cognitive approach in the analysis of directive speech acts helps to reduce the number of communicative failures of representatives of the English-speaking and Arabic-speaking academic discourses. The research materials can be used in universities of the humanities in the study of special courses in comparative linguistics and intercultural communication, as well as the data obtained can be applied in the process of educational and methodological activities in the creation of specialized textbooks.
Keywords: eye-tracking experiment, comparative analysis, dialect, Modern Standart Arabic, communicative failure, Arabic language, English language, theory of speech acts, academic discourse, cognitive approach
References:
Balaganov D. V., Davydova T. Yu. Cognitive mechanisms in simultaneous translation // Bulletin of the Nizhny Novgorod State Linguistic University. ON Dobrolyubov. – 2019. – no. 47.-ðð. 19-32.
Bastrakova E. A. The theory of speech acts through the prism of teaching the Russian language in a foreign language audience // Philological aspect. – 2021. – no. S4.-ðð. 11-15.
Belyaeva-Standen E. I. Gender features of the compliment of Russians // Issues of psycholinguistics.-2006.-no. 4.-ðð. 155-170.
Bryukhanova E. S., Pavlova O. A. SPEECH ACT OF GREETINGS IN GLAMOR ENGLISH DISCOURSE //VII Avdeev Readings.-2019.-ðð. 124-128.
Vorobieva N. V. Indirect Directive Speech Acts in an Interview // Bulletin of the Moscow State Linguistic University. Humanitarian sciences. – 2010. – no. 596.-ðð. 156-165.
Gurova E. A. The speech act of gratitude in the Danish language // In the footsteps of the teacher. Studies in Scandinavian and Germanic studies. To the 90th anniversary of the birth of Professor VP Berkov.-2
Reference:
Makashova V.. Structural model of the concept of "education" // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 5. – P. 55-64. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37891.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37891
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the study of the concept of "education". This concept is fundamental for the Russian consciousness, since it is inextricably linked with the generally accepted system of moral coordinates. The purpose of this study is to build a structural model of the concept of "education" and determine its type. The solution of the following tasks contributes to the achievement of this goal: to systematize the definitions of the concept as a key category of cognitive linguistics, to consider approaches to the structure of the concept developed by representatives of various directions in cognitive linguistics (cultural, linguistic, logical, semantic-cognitive, philosophical-semiotic directions), to identify and describe the structural models of the concept. The novelty of the study lies in the fact that it is for the first time a segment-field model of the concept of "education" is proposed. The study was conducted using the method of free associative experiment. In the course of the study, the hierarchical relations core-periphery of the concept of "education" were described, as well as the attitudes of consciousness arising from its content. It is revealed that the concept of "education" is segmented, since the basic and additional cognitive layers that make up the scope of this concept surround strictly defined segments. The results of the study can be used in lexicographic practice in the compilation of associative dictionaries, as well as in courses of cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology and psycholinguistics.
Keywords: education, segment concept, interpretative field, extreme periphery, the far periphery, near periphery, sensory-shaped core, concept structure, segment-field model, concept
References:
Alefirenko N. F. Concept – notion – category in the light of modern linguocognitivistics // Scientific Bulletin of the Belarusian State University. Ser. Humanities. No. 18. Issue 7. 2010. pp. 5-12.
Alymova E. V. Linguoculturological model of the concept "education" in national consciousness: dis...candidate of philology. Saratov: 2007, 260 p.
Arutyunova N. D. Logical analysis of language. Cultural concepts. Moscow: Nauka, 1991. 204 p.
Babenko L. G., Kazarin Yu. V., Kusova M. L., Mukhin M. Yu. The conceptosphere of the Russian language: key concepts and their representations in language and speech (based on vocabulary, phraseology and paremiology). Moscow: Azbukovnik, 2017. 1023 p.
Babina L. V., Furs L. A. N. N. Boldyrev's Scientific school "Cognitive linguistics. Interaction of mental and linguistic structures" // Bulletin of TSU. No. 7. 2010. pp. 320-324.
Babushkin A. P. Categorization of "kaleidoscopic" concepts // Cognitive studies of language. Issue XXXVII: Integrative processes in Mod
Reference:
Afonina M.M.. Analysis of derivational relations of a word in the framework of the study of the linguistic picture of the world (based on the material of the Quebec version of the French language) // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 5. – P. 79-90. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37981.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.37981
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The purpose of this study is to examine a fragment of the linguistic picture of the world (LPW) of the French-speaking part of Canada by analyzing the derivational relations of the Quebec word patate (potato). The paper analyzes the linguistic characteristics of lexical units that are derived from this word: origin, internal form, structure of meaning, connection of Quebecisms with their analogues from the central version of the French language; also defines the elements of these units, which contain ethno-cultural content (elements that directly form the LPW of French Canadians). The subject of the study is the patterns underlying word-formation relationships, as well as cognitive structures transmitted by the lexical units under study. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the analysis of the relations of the lexeme with the units derived from it is carried out on the material of the Quebec version of the French language in order to characterize the features of the Canadian LPW. In the course of the research, such methods as etymological analysis, analysis of the internal form of a word or phrase, semantic analysis are used. As a result of the work carried out, the ethnolinguistic characteristics (linguistic characteristics that convey the cultural specificity of the ethnic group) of the lexical units under consideration were identified, as well as cognitive schemes that contributed to the formation of units formed on the basis of the patate lexeme. The results of this study can be used in lexicographic practice, as well as in the framework of research in the field of cognitive linguistics and linguoculturology.
Keywords: structure of the word meaning, internal form, external form, etymological analysis, cognitive structures, territorial version, quebec french, derivational links, the linguistic picture of the world, ethnolinguistic characteristics
References:
Voronczova, T. A. (2011). The culture of speech. Izhevsk: Ministry of Education and Science.«Udmurt State University».
Garshin, I. K. (2002). The equatorial branche of South American languages. Retrieved from http://www.garshin.ru/linguistics/languages/amerindian/south-amerindian/andean-equatorial/equatorial/index.html
Goncharova, N. N. (2012). The language picture of the world as an object of linguistic description. Proceedings of Tula State University. Humanities, (2), 396-405.
Druzina, N. V. (2009). Multilevel representation of language picture of the world. Proceedings of Saratov University. New series. Series: Philology. Journalism, 9(2), 3-9.
Zaliznyak A. A. Language picture of the world. «Krugosvet». Retrieved from https://www.krugosvet.ru/enc/gumanitarnye_nauki/lingvistika/YAZIKOVAYA_KARTINA_MIRA.html
Information about the French language. Retrieved from https://www.e-trans.ru/languages/about.php?n=4
Kozhemyakina, V. A. (2020). The French language in Quebec: main characteristic
Reference:
Solovyeva A.. Analysis of the contextual environment of English military aviation terminology in professional texts // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 5. – P. 111-121. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.38033.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.38033
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the consideration of the contextual environment of English military aviation terminology in professional texts. The purpose of this study is to determine which linguistic units surround the terms in the texts, what are the features of their compatibility with each other.
In accordance with this goal, the tasks can be formulated as follows: to determine in which texts military aviation terms appear, to distinguish from them those that should be classified as professional; to divide the terms of professional texts into groups according to their frequency; to determine which syntactic models are involved in the formation of the contextual environment of terminology and how productive they are. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that for the first time an attempt was made to analyze the contextual environment of military aviation terms simultaneously in several genres of professional texts. In the course of the work, methods of analysis, synthesis, comparison, as well as statistical methods were used.
Based on the results of the study, the author identified the main genres of professional texts in which military aviation terms function; analyzed structural and grammatical models of the formation of free and terminological phrases with terms, established the relationship between the frequency of terms and the diversity of their contextual environment. The results of the study can be used both in the practice of teaching aviation English, and in the practice of developing computer systems for recognizing terms in texts, as well as analyzing their compatibility.
Keywords: professional texts, english terminology, structural models, compatibility, contextual environment, military aviation terminology, military aviation term, terminology, term, frequency
References:
Ahmanova O.S. Slovar' lingvisticheskih terminov / O. S. Ahmanova.-2-e izd., ster.-M. : URSS, 2004.-569 s.
Solov'eva A.E., Shishkina T.G. — Anglijskaja voenno-aviacionnaja terminologija kak obyekt leksikografii // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 3 – S. 1-11.
Gessow A. Aerodynamics of the Helicopter. College Park Pr., 1999.-351 p.
Helicopter Flying Handbook (FAA-H-8083-21A). U.S.Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration. CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2013.-196 p.
Operator’s manual for Army CH-47 helicopter. Washington: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 2003. 714 p.
Operator’s manual for AH-1 helicopter. Washington: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 2001. 730 p.
Operator’s manual for AH-1Z helicopter. Washington: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 2001. 700 p.
Operator’s manual for OH-58 helicopter. Washington: Headquarters, Department of the Army, 2002. 800 p.
Operator’s manual for AH-64 helicopter. Washington: Headquarters, Department of the Arm
Reference:
Hu Y.. Metaphorical use of Russian verbs naming properties of plants // Litera. – 2022. – ¹ 5. – P. 134-143. DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.38048.
DOI: 10.25136/2409-8698.2022.5.38048
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Read the article
Abstract: The article is devoted to the linguoculturological analysis of Russian verbs naming properties of plants. The purpose of the article is to describe the metaphorical use of verbs, the primary meaning of which belongs to the thematic group "PLANTS", special attention is paid to the possible semantic mechanisms of creating a metaphor. The subject of the study is the semantic, pragmatic and culturological features of the verbs under study. In the course of the study were used materials presented in S. Aliaffar's PhD thesis "The semantic field "plant" in the Russian language", the selection of verbs was also carried out by the method of directed sampling from the "Explanatory Dictionary of the Russian Language" edited by D. N. Ushakov. As a result, 28 verbs were approved. Sharing the position of N.D. Arutyunova and M. Black that "the semantic mechanism of metaphor involves four components, only partially represented in its structure: the main and auxiliary subjects of metaphor and some properties of each of them, the article presents a variety of possible "main subjects", which are designated in the process of metaphorization, an attempt is made to describe and analyze the semantic mechanism of metaphor construction. The analysis of the metaphorical transfer associated with the plant world made it possible to facilitate the study of this issue, allowed us to replenish the lexicographic description of these units.
Keywords: anthropometricity of metaphors, the model of semantic production, semantics, similarity of signs, model, linguistic and cultural analysis, thematic group, plants, verbal metaphor, metaphor
References:
Alliaffar S. Semantic field of "plants" in Russian: Ph. Candidate of Philological Sciences. SPb, 1999.-217 ñ.
Arutyunova N.D. The Theory of Metaphor: Collection: Per. from English, French, German, German, Polish/Interpretation and compilation. Ed. by N.D.Arutyunova and M.A.Zhurinskaya. Moscow: Progress, 1990.-512 ñ.
Black M. Metaphor. Translation from English by M.A. Dmitrovskaya// The theory of metaphor. M.: Progress, 1990.-ñ. 153-172
Gak V. G. Metaphor: universal and specific // Metaphor in language and text / Edited by V. N. Telia. M.: Nauka, 1988. Ñ. 3-10.
Lakoff J., Johnson M. Metaphors we live by: translated from English by A. N. Baranov and A. V. Morozova-Ed. 2nd. ED. 2-TH EDITION: LKI, 2008.-252ñ.
Telia V. N. Metaphorization and its role in the creation of linguistic worldview // The role of the human factor in language. Language and the picture of the world. Moscow: Nauka, 1988. Ñ. 173-203.
Ushakova D. N. The Explanatory Dictionary of the Modern Russian Language. 100,000 words
Nota Bene
 
For authors
 
Other
 
Our sites
© 1998 – 2024 Nota Bene. Publishing Technologies. NB-Media Ltd.