Abstract: This article examines the architectural and spatial organization of a pedestrian street, presented as an object in the form of a multifunctional complex. The subject of the study is the architectural and typological features of the components of a multifunctional pedestrian street. The novelty of the approach lies in the representation of the street as an integral object in the form of a multifunctional complex in the structure of the residential quarter of St. Petersburg.

The article also contains a systematic analysis of architectural planning, urban planning and compositional solutions for objects of this type. The analysis is based on combining the principle of operation of a pedestrian street with the criteria of multifunctionality. The main section of this study is devoted to an overview of the structure of diversified objects included in the pedestrian street building.

The scientific novelty of the work consists in considering a pedestrian street as an independent object in the form of a multifunctional complex incorporated into the structure of a residential quarter. For this purpose, the project "Multifunctional Street in the structure of the Lenexpo quarter" (St. Petersburg) was carried out by the Bachelor of Architecture Peter Dmitrievich Cherepanov under the guidance of Konstantin Ivanovich Kolodin, Associate Professor of the Department of Architectural Design of the St. Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (SPbGASU). On the basis of the completed project, a typology of objects combined into a multifunctional complex was formulated.

The project was developed taking into account the multisectoral unification, as well as taking into account the principles of modular structuring of space and the construction of individual buildings and structures. The mechanism of the pedestrian street operation was calculated, which was reflected in architectural planning and spatial solutions when designing this complex.

According to the content of the main sections of the study, conclusions were formulated that take into account the prospects for the development of such architectural objects in the future.

Keywords: multifunctional street project, shaping a multifunctional street, diversified street structure, multifunctional complex street, branches of street objects, multifunctional street components, street development spot, street in the block, street in the city, multifunctional pedestrian street

References:
Architecture – С. (2015). Country street interior. Moskow, Russia: Kolodin K.
Ismagilova S. & Zaletova Е.& Golovkina L. (2014) Contemporary aspects of spatial redevelopment of the street, News of the KSUAE, 4 (30), 109-114.
Architecture – С. (2004). Creation of objects of the suburban environment. Moskow, Russia: Kolodin K.
Sinitsyna I. (2022) Space syntax tool adaptation for urban development analysis, AMIT, 2 (59), 129-141.
Panfilov A. & Grigorova A. (2021). Public spaces as a method for forming a city-planning image on the example of Tyumen, System technologies, 2 (39), 89-96
Fedan A. (2018) Open public spaces in the structure of architectural objects, News of the KSUAE, 3 (45), 88-96
Lambricht V. (2021) The connection of modern form with the cultural and historical context of the city in the project of the Milan Museum of Culture (MUDEC), System technologies, 38 (1), 119-132
Ovchinnikov I. & Ovchinnikov I. & Karahanyan A. (2015) Pedestrian Bridges: modern trends design. Part 2

Abstract: Despite the existence of multiple regulatory requirements, technical standards, legislative bills pertinent to ensuring the need of the people with limited mobility, the problem of accessibility of the modern architectural objects remains unresolved. Usually, the untimely or inexpedient implementation of accessible facilities for the people with limited mobility negatively reflects on the aesthetic image of the building or urban environment overall. Besides the installation of such facilities into the architecture, it is important to consider the formation of the entire architectural image, including convenience, functionality, compliance with a certain style, etc. The research method contains the analysis of foreign experience of implementation of such facilities for the people with limited mobility within the existing urban environment. The author reviews the examples of Guangzhou Opera House, Soho Galaxy Shopping Mall, Phoenix International Media Center, and aboveground pedestrian walkway in Chaoyang district of Beijing. The boundaries of this research is the chronological framework, capturing the recent decades, as well as the modern style buildings. The author concludes that the due standard for designing the facilities for the people with limited mobility can positively affect the formation of image of the existing urban environment.

Keywords: moral and ethical aspects, social adaptation, design technologies, design solutions, humanization of the social environment, code requirements, modern architecture, people with limited mobility, improvement of infrastructure, accessibility to persons with disabilities

References:
Materialy s sayta Ministerstvo zdravookhraneniya i sotsial'nogo razvitiya Rossiyskoy Federatsii. Rezhim dostupa: http://www.minzdravsoc.ru. Data obrashcheniya: 15.12.18.
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Abstract: The subject of research within the topic at hand is the problem of arrangement of large and small park areas located within the borders of large cities. The author thoroughly reviews the aspects of zoning of park territories, security equipment layouts, visiting schedule, as well as recreational area locations, and their accessibility and connection to criminogenic objects. The author studies different kinds of park areas and recreational territories and evaluates their criminal vulnerability, as defined by their characteristics. This research uses traditional methods employed in the study of "geography of crime".  Those methods include territory mapping and a variety of statistical methods. The main conclusions of this work are as follows: first, in order to reduce criminal risks, priority should be given to developing smaller-scale recreational territories within a city block. Social control over such areas partly falls on the shoulders of the local population. Local self-governments have proven to be instrumental in this.
Secondly, there may not be a universal approach to crime-proof security of smaller park territories and larger park areas. Larger areas have masses of people with no social connections to eachother meet and mingle. In this particular case, civil control becomes powerless. Mass events and mass recreation requires the materiel resources of local self-government and public authorities to be used. This is why it is necessary to develop both approaches in enabling safe recreation in parks and squares. Thirdly, mapping and arrangement of park areas and smaller recreational zones, we need to consider that any empty spots in the city must be surveyed and landscaped. Otherwise they become areas that stimulate a psychological fear in the face of possible danger.
When planning new recreational areas, it is necessary to make them easily viewable from neighbouring streets, and from the windows of nearby houses. It is also necessary to remember that the most optimal, security-wise, is the construction of new buildings only on free areas, without intruding on established natural areas.

Keywords: geography of crime, method, criminology, parks, parks, recreation, metropolis, urban planning, security systems, public order

References:
Bursik R. Neighborhoods and crime: the dimentions of effective community control. – NY, 2001. – 240 p.
Ceccato V., Newton A. Safety and Security in Transit Environments: An Interdisciplinary Approach. – Hampshire: Palgrave Macmillan, 2015. – 424 p.
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Bogomolova K.I. Prestupnost', svyazannaya s inostrantsami: monografiya. – Moskva, 2013. – 184 s.
Bogomolova K.I. Prestupnost' inostrantsev kak ob'ekt samostoyatel'nogo issledovaniya // Pravovaya kul'tura. – 2011. – № 1. – S. 200-203.
Koptseva N.P., Sertakova E.A. Summa metodov sovremennoy urbanisticheskoy antropologii: postanovka problemy // Urbanistika. – 2015. – № 2. – S.40-53. DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2015.2.16354. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/urb/article_16354.html
Kritskaya S.B., Rozantseva L.E. Ob otdel'nykh aspektakh organizatsii rekreatsionnykh meropriyatiy v gorode // Urbanistika. – 2014. – № 4. – S.39-46. DOI: 10.7256/2310-8673.2014.4.14431. URL: http://e-notabene.ru/urb/a