Abstract: The article deals with a new cognitive construct of mindfulness, strongly discussed in the foreign scientific area. It describes principal characteristics and spheres, in which the development of the given cognitive phenomenon occurs, for example, in spheres of therapeutic approach, philosophical and pedagogical approach, the approach of personal knowledge and development. Based on foreign and national data, the study emphasizes the impact of mindfulness on significant personality structures, such as reflection, thoughtfulness, and personal life satisfaction. At the empirical stage of the study, it checks university students for the correlation between inclination to addictive behaviour and a high level of mindfulness. The sample encompasses 100 university students including 52 girls and 42 boys with an average age of 20.2. For the examination of the proposed hypothesis, the authors use such methods as The Method of Inclination to 13 types of Addiction by G.V. Lozova and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) by K.W. Brown, R.M Ryan in the adaptation of A.M. Golubev. To verify the data, the authors use methods of mathematical statistics, as well as empirical results obtained in several foreign studies. The authors perform mathematical processing using the SPSS Statistics 6.0 program. In general, the study found that the high level of mindfulness has an inverse correlation with the inclination to addictive behaviour.  

Keywords: Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, method MAAS, Mindfulness revolution, personal reflection, living on automatic, mindfulness, meditation, addictive behaviour, full awareness, contemplative practices

Abstract: The study aims to conduct a comparative analysis of the biopsychological aging dynamics among middle-aged men and women in Russia and Kazakhstan. The object of research is the citizens of Kazakhstan (206 people) and the Russian Federation (1303 people). The subject of research is the biopsychological aging dynamics in age groups from 30 years to 81 years and older. The research deals with two forms of retirement stress: a pre-retirement one as an expectancy of well-deserved rest and a post-retirement one as a shift to another social environment. The research investigates the influence of retirement stress on the biological and psychological age of a person. The authors apply a method for assessing biological age by Voitenko and a method of self-assessment of subjective psychological age by K. A. Abulkhanova. The study defines general tendencies of the biopsychological aging dynamics for two countries: its correspondence with chronological aging, the influence of retirement stress on biological aging of the population, rapid aging among men in relation to women, as well as the intention to enhance the psychological age by young people, but to minimize it by senior people. The research finds the differences between Russia and Kazakhstan. In Russia, retirement stress influences men and women equally, causing rapid biological aging among them, moreover, the study observes the disequilibrium of biological and psychological age among Russians. In Kazakhstan, women have the lowest level of retirement stress and do not have the disequilibrium of biological and psychological age. Men in Kazakhstan have adapted to the later retirement since the country performed a pension reform two decades ago; their biological resources raise, thus, they feel younger in pre-retirement age, but their aging increases rapidly after retirement. 

Keywords: personal development, cross-cultural research, pension reform, biological age, psychological age, old age, retirement stress, personality, Life path, relative aging

Abstract: The subject of the study is the subject of psychology in the larger relationship. In the context of general doubt that a mind presents a subject of psychology, the study determines the subject in the sphere of motivation as a sensory-conscious and institutional mechanism, the leading subsystems of which are faith (religious institutions), power (political organizations), and duty (economic institutions). The author introduces the mentioned to psychology as pre-conscious leading motives, the structure of which determines (is determined) the architecture of the external and inner world, and, first of all, their appeal. The study reconsiders the regard of faith, power, and duty, in which patterns the deep reconstruction of their origin occurs, in the course of which it regains its prime unity (syncretism). The scientific novelty of the study is due to the establishment of the third way of psychology, which means moving beyond the traditional alternative sensuality/consciousness towards institutes which motivate a person: the spiritual, political, and economic ones. The treatment of collectivity (in accordance with stressed motives) and the treatment of motives (inside the collectivities) determine a new path for psychological institutions. 

Keywords: treatment, institutions, duty, power, will, faith, motives, psychology, third way, sensuality

Abstract: The subject of the research is the value sources that ensure the psychological health of modern students. The authors study in detail the scientific aspects of the extent of prior research of psychological health, its phenomenology, and structural organization. They analyze the destructive influence of consumer society, modern mass media, and information technologies on young people’s consciousness. The study emphasizes the value factors of the development of psychologically healthy youth and the role of higher school as an institution of socialization. As attractive value guidelines for youth development, the authors consider the most important layers of sociocultural experience, which concentrate the leading sense loci of a civilized matrix. The authors base the study on the methodology of socio-cultural determination and implement provisions of cultural-historical and axiological approaches when investigating the processes of healthy personality development. They apply methods of modeling and conceptual reconstruction of the value space of healthy youth education. As a result, the study models a holistic structure of youth psychological health comprised of three components: psychosomatic, functional-psychological, and spiritual. The novelty of this result is that the leading role belongs to the spiritual component reflecting the value-sense level of the personality. As the main research result, it presents the construct of value attractors for the healthy development of students, which includes seven conjugated strata of socio-cultural experience: from socio-centric, theocentric, anthropocentric, ethnocentric, nature-oriented, cultural-oriented, and gnoseocentric. Each of these strata concentrates the most significant features of education, which altogether represent an essential civilizational resource for building productive educational practices in modern higher education.

Keywords: value attractors, axiological dimension, socio-cultural experience, informatization, consumer society, values, higher school, socialization, youth, psychological health

Abstract: The subject of the research is the influence of the remuneration system features on activity motivation and the psychological well-being of a modern teacher. The object of the study is the features of the motivational sphere of personality of a modern teacher in the context of the requirements imposed by society to fulfill the mission of a modern school. The author deals with the negative manifestations of the personality reactions of a teacher under the employed procedure of remuneration formation - job dissatisfaction and burnout. Alternatively, the author suggests a system of a cross-functional structure as a possibility to satisfy the higher-order motives for teachers. The author gives much attention to the analysis of the need factors in labor activity from the perspective of various motivation theories. The research deals with the issues of the impact of motivational factors with the use of methods of comparative and logical analysis. An empirical study conducted in 2018-2019 resulted in obtaining new test material, the statistical interpretation of which allowed the author to conclude the destructive manifestations in the activities of 192 teachers of the Republic of Buryatia. The main conclusions are about the limitations in the activities of teachers associated with the current system of remuneration for the performed work. Traditionally, one regards the issues of the motivation of teachers from various perspectives as a multidimensional construction; however, the modern psychological literature does not clearly indicate the influence of the current form of remuneration as a motivating factor. The study is novel in that it deals with the consequences of the negative influence of the equalization system of remuneration on dissatisfaction with work, burnout of teachers, and destructive manifestations that affect all participants of the educational process. The study is novel in that it deals with the system of teacher's remuneration as a factor that intermediates the correlations between professional motivation and the level of psychological well-being. 

Keywords: the activity, teachers, educators, motivational sphere of personality, teacher remuneration, professional motivation, motivation, burnout, personality traits, educational space

Abstract: The article deals with the results of the study regarding gender features of forming a time perspective by boys and girls. The author conducts an analysis of identified statistical dependence, which confirms a hypothesis that the ways of formation of a time perspective have significant gender differences. Thus, the following differs - the time length on which boys and girls plan their future and the object of motivation they connect their future. The sample encompassed 1538 people from 14 years to 28 years, including 610 boys and 928 girls. The author applies J. Nutten's method of incomplete sentences as a research method. She carries out the statistical dependence of differences in responders' answers with the use of chi-square and contingency tables. The study defines that boys, generally, form their time perspectives within the range of one day, orienting towards themselves as the primary motivational objects of their future. On the contrary, girls do not use the range of one day and orient towards others while planning their future.

Keywords: future, adolescence, youth, youth development, time perspective, boys and girls, gender differences, gender, feminine features, masculine features