Abstract: The article is devoted to the analysis of modern psychoanalytic concepts focused on the description of the mechanisms of formation of addictive behavior. Three main vectors of the development of the ideas of psychoanalysis based on: 1) the theory of object relations; 2) the concept of mentalization and "fragile Ego"; 3) neurophysiological justification of the formation of the nature of emotional models of response to significant situations. A number of studies emphasize the existence of close mutually conditioning links between the neurophysiological and psychological levels of addictive behavior formation. The data obtained in the study of American authors Shevrin and Panksepp are presented, revealing the physiological mechanisms of the theory of attraction developed by Z. Freud.   Special attention is paid to the consideration of psychoanalytic ideas of Z. Freud and J. Lacan in the context of the analysis of dependent behavior. On the basis of the phenomenological approach, an attempt is made to describe the methodological basis of the construct "addiction", based on the concept of "Jouissance" proposed in Lacan's works. The second vector that allows us to sanctify the nature of addictive behavior is the analysis of the nature of the relationship between the Other and one of the variants of the clinical structure of the personality (psychotic, neurotic, pervert). Based on the prepared analysis, the researchers conclude that each clinical personality structure has its own special arsenal of strategies for promoting pleasure and avoiding the act of castration.

Abstract: The article deals with a new cognitive construct of mindfulness, strongly discussed in the foreign scientific area. It describes principal characteristics and spheres, in which the development of the given cognitive phenomenon occurs, for example, in spheres of therapeutic approach, philosophical and pedagogical approach, the approach of personal knowledge and development. Based on foreign and national data, the study emphasizes the impact of mindfulness on significant personality structures, such as reflection, thoughtfulness, and personal life satisfaction. At the empirical stage of the study, it checks university students for the correlation between inclination to addictive behaviour and a high level of mindfulness. The sample encompasses 100 university students including 52 girls and 42 boys with an average age of 20.2. For the examination of the proposed hypothesis, the authors use such methods as The Method of Inclination to 13 types of Addiction by G.V. Lozova and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) by K.W. Brown, R.M Ryan in the adaptation of A.M. Golubev. To verify the data, the authors use methods of mathematical statistics, as well as empirical results obtained in several foreign studies. The authors perform mathematical processing using the SPSS Statistics 6.0 program. In general, the study found that the high level of mindfulness has an inverse correlation with the inclination to addictive behaviour.  

Abstract: This article analyzes the conceptual moment of modern psychotherapy using the example of meditative practice in working with addictive behavior. The scientific and practical potential of implementation of meditative practices in modern psychotherapy is substantiated. The characteristics of cognitive construct of mindfulness are described. In a number of foreign and national works, mindfulness is viewed as the key mechanism of personal growth and individual wellbeing, as well as the leading instrument of psychotherapeutic practice that allows a person to avoid “absentminded life”, perceive reality consciously and purposively. The authors describe the key positions of Buddhist philosophy included by the foreign researchers into the space of cognitive-behavioral therapy, as well as analyze the accumulation of Eastern experience by the Western scientific traditions. The article displays the main therapeutic models implemented into the modern foreign therapeutic practice that were created on the basis of mindfulness: J. Kabat-Zinn “Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction Program” (MBSR); J. Kristeller “Mindfulness-Based Eating Awareness Training” (MB-EAT). The authors examine the examples of empirical studies of using the practice of mindfulness in working with alcohol and drug addiction, as well as compulsive eating disorder.  

Abstract: Modern narrative researches mostly focus on the phenomenon of narrative identity presenting it as a key construct. The purpose of this article is to shift the emphasis of research to the analysis of the narrative scheme which is described as a stable structure formed within the framework of personal experience. Psychological content of the narrative scheme is defined as personal purposes and actions in terms of one's personal narration. The author of the article proves her idea that the narrative scheme is a basic framework that contains mental and conceptual structures attributable to the narration and personality in general. The author of the article brings forth the idea of multidisciplinary scientific knowledge incorporating elements of modern schematology, narrative approach, psychology and linguistics. The author of the paper analyzes different approaches to the description of the narrative scheme and its main components. The study confirms the idea about the need to study sociocultural foundations of personal experience, revealing personal component in the social deterministic models. Analysis of narrative schemas reveals opportunities for exploration of personal motivation, goal setting process, personal characteristics of perception and understanding of social situations.