Abstract: The subject of the present research is the dependence of generalisation process distortion on external contextual factors (task settings) of patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and its relation to the deficit of specific, socially important and typical internal context. Within the framework of this article external context is viewed as conditions for task presentation, internal context is viewed as the structure of semantic representations of social experience. The authors employ different ways of internal context actualisation depending on variable conditions of stimulus material presentation. The research involved 20 patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia and 21 mentally healthy respondents. The authors have applied a modified version of the Cross-Out the Odd Item Test with two sample sets that imply variation of semantic connections between items and intensification of hidden, connotative, emotionally charged features of items. The authors demonstrate the growth of external semantic context due to sensibilization of relevant semantic connections between items influenced by actualisation of subjective features as essentials in the process of generalisation in both groups of patients and mentally healthy respondents. In a group of patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia generalisation errors are caused by the deficit of specific, socially important, typical internal context while objective social typical context remains mostly the same. Patients have difficulty processing negative emotional context when making generalisations. This difficulty creates affective disorganisation and purposeless answers. 

Abstract: In this article the authors discuss whether it is possible to apply the concepts of context processing and context effect for the purposes of studying specific features of the generalization process in the norm and in case of mental pathology. The article introduces the authors' earlier studies that demonstrated the dependence of the actualization of the significant feature in the process of object generalization on the conditions of the cognitive task, i.e. the context of generalization. The article deals with the study of mechanisms of impairmen context processing impairments in case of internally generated mental disorders (especially schizophrenia and schizotypal and affective disorders) and borderline disorders (personality disorders and neurotic disorders). Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms of impairment of temporary, conceptual and episodic memory, relation the ability for social cognition and cognitive functioning in both foreign and domestic researches. Using the method of theoretical and methodological analysis, the authors propose the general theoretical hypothesis of differentiated mechanisms of generalization process impairments for endogenous and borderline mental disorders and prove experimental methods of its verification. The authors suggest that the actualization of latent features including subjective features in the process of generalization of stimulus uncertainty (semantic distance of generalized objects) demonstrated by patients with schizophrenia is determined by the deficit of the social context processing, and in case of patients with borderline mental disorders, on the contrary, it is determined by excessive social labeling. The authors dscribe the methodology of experimental tasks of the pilot research offered in the adopted 'Find the odd one out' inventory. The methodology includes three series of tasks offering the variety of the semantic distance of objects, their emotional richness and adequacy of the social context of the use of objects. The article also presents expected results of the research by the original method that will open up new prospects in the differential diagnosis of patopsychology and psychiatry.
 

Abstract: The article deals with methodical research opportunities of affective representation of the body in the model health group of adolescents in the context of ontogenesis and psychosomatic dysontogenesis. To study the affective components of body representation the authors used the author's modification of the “Wonderland of feelings” method that allows to carry out the data processing both from the position of qualitative and quantitative analysis. The authors also described and theoretically grounded the following method parameters that introduce various affective components of body representation: the body needs representation, emotion load of the body and its parts, the emotional attitude to the body.  60 younger adolescents (11-12 years old) of the first, second and third health groups (20 in each group) were involved in the research. Analysis of the results of the research was made by using the following statistical tests: 1. Mann-Whitney U-test for ordinal scales; 2. Spearman's rank correlation coefficient; 3. Wilcoxon signed-rank test; 4.Pearson's chi-square test for the assessment of the significance of the frequency. The authors demonstrate the difference in measures of the extracted parameters for the adolescent three health groups and reveal various mechanisms of the body affective representation in terms of psychosomatic problems, as well as prove the possibility of using the author's modified method “Wonderland of feelings” for purposes of individual psychosomatic diagnostics, psychological correction and psychological preventive measures. 

Abstract: The problem of psychic infantilism is relevant both from the point of view of social phenomena of modern society, and psychiatric diagnosis and prognosis of psychic disorders in childhood and adolescence. The analysis of the clinical and psychological literature devoted to the problem of psychic infantilism, showed that in modern psychiatry boundaries of this phenomenon are not defined, moreover, psychology does not have diagnostic tools  that would qualify and differentiate this phenomenon both in normal and pathological development of children and adolescents. The generalization of psychological phenomena in psychic infantilism showed the greatest heuristic nature of the psychological construct of self-regulation. The authors of the article considers this factor to be a backbone that integrates all the diversity of psychological phenomenology of psychic infantilism through his emotional, social and personal components. The purposes of the research is to study psychological peculiarities of self-regulation as a marker of psychic infantilism in adolescents with organic and schizophrenia spectrum disorders. The research involved 140 infantile and non-infantile adolescents with organic non-psychotic disorders (F06.6 - F06.8) and schizotypal disorder (F21). For the study of psychological self-regulation of adolescents with mental disorders with psychic infantilism and without the following methods were used: 1. "Drawing a non-existent animal"; 2. The research technique of self-esteem offered by Dembo-Rubinstein; 3. Cloninger test TCI-140. To analyze the results of the study the researchers used the following statistical criteria: 1) Chi-square Pearson; 2) angular Fisher transformation; 3) U-Mann-Whitney test for ordinal scales. The novelty of the research is caused by the fact that the authors systematized psychological phenomenology of psychic infantilism in adolescents with mental disorders from the point of view of the emotional, social and personality self-regulation using multiple criteria psychodiagnostic assessment. It is shown that the peculiarities of emotional, social and personal psychological components of self-regulation in adolescents with psychic infantilism have specific differences depending on their nosology. The infantile adolescents with non-psychotic organic disorders registered higher compared to non-infantile patients this nosological group results highlighted psychological components of self-regulation in the leading role of the social component, which is associated with the compensation mechanism of cognitive failure. Infantile adolescents with schizotypal disorder, on the contrary, found lower rates of psychological self-regulation compared to non-infantile peers, reflecting the deepening nosological characteristics of psychic defect.