Abstract: The author analyzes the global experience of government support for the agricultural sector and assesses the potential of using it in the Russian Federation in the current economic situation and the need for the import substitution strategy. The research subject is the public policy in the agricultural sector of the developed countries. The research object is the international practice of implementation of programmes and the measures of government support for the agricultural sector. Special attention is given to the most effective instruments and mechanisms of government support for the agricultural sector in different countries. The author uses the range of scientific research methods: theoretical cognition, the statistical method, the method of monographic research, comparative analysis and the graphical method. The author analyzes the agricultural sector development programmes of developed countries, defines the results of agrarian policy achieved by the majority of economically developed countries while implementing the programmes of government support for the agricultural sector. The author reveals the unidirectional flow of the content of the mechanism of the agrarian policy implementation in the countries under consideration and defines the key directions in the government support for agricultural producers: subsidies for producers, budgetary financing of common services, transfers to consumers. The author emphasizes the necessity to improve the system of government support for the Russian agricultural sector producers for the purpose of ensuring national interests, food security, raising competitive performance and adaptation of government support for Russia’s agricultural sector to international requirements and standards. The author systematizes external threats and outlines the ways of overcoming the resource restrictions of the agricultural sector development. Based on the results of the research, the author formulates the aims of the agricultural sector strategic management in the context of import substitution.

Abstract: In modern conditions of global geopolitical instability and economic sanctions, the mechanism of state procurement and commodity interventions in Russia is not an effective tool for regulating the grain market. The subject of the research is the state policy in the field of development of agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation in order to develop proposals for improving the mechanisms of regulation of the grain market. The object of the study is the direction and mechanisms of agricultural policy of modern Russia.The study focuses on the analysis of the main shortcomings of the current mechanism of regulation of the Russian grain market, and offers a completely new alternative models to maintain the profitability of agricultural producers.The paper uses theoretical and empirical methods, in particular: literature review, logical, statistical and expert assessments, methods of empirical data collection, system analysis, description and processing of research results.The main results of the study are the following provisions. The author proposes the use of alternative models to maintain the level of income of agricultural producers in order to reduce the costs of the Federal budget and improve the efficiency of this mechanism, within the framework of which an effective institution can be created that regulates the grain market on the principles of public-private partnership – grain commodity-credit corporation. Performing such functions as warehouse receipt and purchase of grain, commodity-credit corporation will receive benefits from the state. At the same time, elimination of the excess of grain in the Russian Federation constituents (the grain that is left after the other part of the grain has been exported) by granting subsidy for transportation rates and thus raising competitive ability of aforesaid product will stabilize prices for grain on the internal market and create the basis for extending the grain export. 

Abstract: This article examines certain questions associated with the professional career of university graduates. Under the conditions of dynamics of socio-economic processes, increases the role of professional and personal qualities that ensure competitiveness in the job market, as well as building a successful professional career. The employment of university graduates represents one of the key indicators in their demand, which captures the entire number of stages of the three-party interaction “university-employer-student”. In many ways, the competitive advantages of the graduates along with their personal expectations, define the opportunities for their successful employment. Based on the results of sociological survey, the authors determine the main professional trajectories of the young specialists, as well as the obstacles that impede their successful adaptation in the job market. The primary results of this research consist in revelation of the professional expectations of the young generation under the current conditions, and determination of the general professional skills that are mostly in demand among the young specialists. The authors signify the further career plans of the graduates, reveal the reasons of further specialization outside the core area, as well as possible ways to adjust the professional trajectories of young specialists.