Abstract: The article focuses on the study of the particular features in understanding the relationship between general and specific manifestations of reality in historical research. The author describes historical civilizations as the unity of social, cultural, political and economic manifestations in societies. The author also examines the role of emergentism and mental causality in the understanding of global social phenomena and gives particular attention to the local-temporal changes in civilizations. The author analyzes the differences in understanding a historical event within the framework of modern philosophy and historical sciences. According to the philosophy of Heidegger and Deleuze, only large-scale phenomena that transcend the boundaries of daily life can be called “events”. An occurrence in everyday life should not be called an event. Taking into account the close ties among major historical events and happenings in daily life, and based on the role of specifics in the modern post-non-classical historical paradigm, the author proposes that the social phenomena of everyday life should also be considered in historical studies as events. The author also discusses the analysis of linguistic methods in historiography and the role of induction in historical research. The text focuses on the particularities of using mathematical methods in the historical analysis of the distant past and highlights historical transdisciplinarity. Finally, the author considers the role of the modern post-non-classical scientific paradigm and the role of synergy in historical research, The findings are illustrated using examples from Byzantine history.