Abstract: In this article the authors present their concept of social and psychological preparation for doing sports at the public and professional levels where personality and way of thinking become systemically important factors. The authors view mental mechanisms that regulate mental states and behaviour of sports players as well as the factors promoting social and psychological preparation for doing sports. The authors underline the importance of standards and values that contribute to the competitive culture of sports players is underlined. Based on the example of karate, the authors demonstrate how mental operations of sports players are performed. The article provides the theoretical and methodological substantiation of the innovative approach to physical training and sports. The following methods of research were applied by the authors: theoretical (analysis and generalization of psychological and pedagogical literature on the matter, the method of theoretical modelling for defining the subject, object, and hypothesis, and building the theoretical model, the method of concrete definition and ordering of theoretical knowledge by working out of methodology and the research theory); empirical (studying and operational experience generalisation on the investigated problem, analysis of the authors' experience in teaching at Moscow State University of Economics, Statistics and Informatics that has been admitting students for 'sports management' specialization over the past several years (most of the applicants are professional sportsmen); lesson observations that involved videorecording, questionnaire survey of trainers and students, analysis of standard manuals, and analysis of scoresheets); and statistical methods of processing experimental data for quantitative and qualitative analysis of the empirical material. The article presents a substantiation of the innovative approach to the physical training of the rising generation which components include personality development and thinking. The authors describe general aspects of cognitive preparation for learning and training sports. Developing the concept of social and psychological preparation for playing sports, the authors recognize the need to shift the emphasis from the creation of the healthy environment to the health-developing education aimed at teaching health-forming values and increasing the level of positive psychophysical well-being. 

Abstract: The article touches upon motivational and role determinants of a virtual discourse, general features and types of such a discourse. The authors describe the following features of a virtual discourse: cultural conditionality, communicative nature, frequent returning to the point at issue, original slang, interactivity and tolerance of a discourse. It is noticed that development of vertical and horizontal social communications among members of virtual communities partly promotes formation of noncommercial sector in structure of the modern state and, on occasion, can influence socially significant events in the life of society. The research methodology consists of the information-semiotic approach considering public interaction as the world of the social information being accumulated and kept by means of signs created by people; Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs, theories of social action of Jurgen Habermas and the concept social practices offered by Bourdieu. As a result of the carried out research, the authors conclude that the motivational potential of a virtual discourse is presented by motives and needs including psychological release, self-actualization and professional growth, satisfaction of the need for safety and anonymity, recognition and respect, and others. The discourse in the virtual subculture bears the impress of the socio-cultural space and provides for the performance of some functions, in particular, information function and development of the social image. The role determinants of a virtual discourse include rating assessment, hierarchy of users and structural constructs forming a pyramid of ranks  on the basis of assessed levels of activity of users. Considering the number of comments or the volume of the created content, users are assigned ranks that raise their status and encourage their activity. 

Abstract: The present article is devoted to studying arguments dictated by the development of psychology and didactics at their present stage. At this stage didactics and psychology have approached to that boundary when it appears possible to operate meanings as consciousness units through inclusion of students in «a stream of significant activities» and training based on argumentative discourse. At the end of the article the author makes her conclusions based on the empirical research of the relation between cognitive styles and peculiarities of argumentation.