Abstract: The object of this research is the corruption in modern Vietnam, while the subject is the task of the country’s leading party to fight corruption. The goal of this work consists in identification of corruption as one of the pressing issues, which the Communist Party of Vietnam has to face in the difficult economic and social circumstances of the country. Special attention is given to the analysis of state of corruption and its harm to various areas of social life of the modern Vietnam, as well as examination of responsibility of the leading party pertaining to unproductive fight against corruption. The author also reviews the main causes that lead to the uncontrolled acts of corruption in all branches of government authority. Based on examination of relevancy of the problem of corruption in modern Vietnam alongside its comparison with the other regions of Southeast Asia, the conclusion is made that the creation of efficient measures aimed at combating corruption, currently is an unresolvable task for the Communist Party of Vietnam. Corruption and its consequences directly affect the reputation of the Vietnamese government in eyes of the foreign investors, manifest as a primary cause for the drop of people’s trust towards the ruling party, as well as the risk of political instability in the country.