Abstract: This article describes the activity and representations of the prominent political figure P. A. Stolypin in the area of conducting reforms in the Russian Empire in the early XX century. The work examines his multifaceted approach to carrying out reforms of such level with the purpose of establishing a new type of personality that was the focus of the entire activity of the government. The author underlines the correlation between the enlightenment of the country and economic ability of its separate citizens, which in accordance with Stolypin’s opinion, plays the key role in development and establishment of civil personality and legal state. Source base of the research consists of several groups: various legislative normative documents (digest of laws of the Russian Empire and decrees of the government); speeches of P. A. Stolypin; case studies on Stolypin’s as a political figure and his reformatory activity. The works in foreign language became a separate group of sources. The article also analyzes Stolypin’s concept of state authority in the Russian Empire that leans on the particular “pillars”, which in turn, consider the historical reality of the Russian people and state. The conclusion is made about the original and multifaceted approach of the government to reforming and enlightenment of the country. The author traces an attempt of creating a new type of personality – socially active individual-proprietor, which P. A. Stolypin intended to achieve by means of the system of law and inclusion of citizens into self-government bodies.