Abstract: Results of the study aimed at establishing the types and effectiveness of behavioural adaptation strategies in 358 psychology students studying at the bachelor's, specialist and master's levels are presented. Subject of the study: behavioral adaptation strategy of students of higher education institutions is considered as a stable form of organization of specific behavioral attitudes and actions, providing active mastery of the professional skills with the help of the educational process. The actual (expression of indicators of adaptation to the group and to study) and potential (indicators of professional identity and self-assessment of readiness to work) effectiveness of strategies are offered. Scientific novelty is represented by the studied behavioral adaptation strategies, the proposed indicators of their effectiveness, the established links between the expression of the strategy and its actual and potential effectiveness depending on the course and level of education received. Methods: questionnaire survey; testing (“Adaptation of University students” (T.D. Dubovitskaya, A.V. Krylova); methodology of professional identity research, “MIPI” (L. Schneider); self-assessment of readiness to work in the specialty obtained in higher education institution. As a result, the following strategies were empirically established: search for social and informational support; academic deception; possession of a status position; academic diligence; use of administrative resources; presentation of academic inclusion; academic independence. The dependence of the dynamics of student choice of these or those strategies on the course and level of education received at a higher education institution is shown. It is established that the adaptation strategy chosen by students is selective with regard to its actual and potential effectiveness depending on the level of education received. The results can be useful for teachers, students, higher education institution psychological service specialists and employers.

Keywords: master’s students, specialist students, bachelor’s students, performance indicators, behavioural adaptation strategy, actual strategy performance, potential strategy performance, adaptation strategy, adaptation strategy structure, adaptation in higher education institution

Abstract: The subject of this article's research is the perceptions of journalism students regarding leadership qualities depending on their academic performance. The relevance of the topic is due to the necessity of understanding how students perceive qualities important for effective leadership and how this perception is related to their academic achievement. The significance of this topic is linked to the formation of primary social roles and the development of personal qualities in the student environment, which directly influence professional adaptation. The aim of the research is to identify differences in the views of students with high and low academic performance on the importance of specific leadership qualities and their perceptions of what a leader should be. The study is focused on refining strategies for developing the leadership potential of students within educational programs and student self-governance. A comprehensive approach was used in the research, including quantitative (surveys, Mann-Whitney U test) and qualitative (in-depth interviews using the STAR model) methods of analysis. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the empirical confirmation of the relationship between the academic performance of journalism students and their perceptions of leadership qualities. The study identified a list of the most significant leadership qualities, such as organizational thinking, sociability, result-orientation, persuasiveness, creativity, self-control, and empathy, which students perceive as essential for a successful leader. It was found that students with low academic performance often highly value pragmatic qualities of a leader aimed at achieving specific results. In contrast, students with high academic performance place greater importance on social and moral aspects of leadership, including empathy and patriotism. The results of the study open up prospects for the targeted development of adaptive educational strategies that foster the formation of leadership qualities in students, taking into account their individual characteristics and academic achievements.

Keywords: empirical research, journalism students, value-semantic orientations, student environment, self-assessment, behavioral strategies, leadership, academic performance, Leadership qualities, STAR model

Abstract: Cognitive control plays a key role in regulating behavior and suppressing automated responses, especially in conditions of cognitive conflict. Its mechanisms allow for the suppression of stereotypical reactions and the direction of attention towards achieving set goals. Cognitive control is particularly important in situations where it is necessary to overcome interference between competing stimuli. This study focused on the neurophysiological markers of conflict information processing. To achieve the research objectives, the electroencephalography (EEG) method was employed. The classical Stroop task was used as the experimental paradigm, which models situations of cognitive conflict. As a result, this research analyzed event-related potentials (ERPs) in the Stroop task to study the neurophysiological mechanisms of conflict information processing. The experiment involved 36 participants, whose ERPs were analyzed to identify the following components: N2 (conflict monitoring), N400 (interference suppression), and the late positive component (LPC), associated with conflict resolution. The results showed that the N2 component demonstrated a significant increase in amplitude under conflict stimuli, confirming its association with activation of the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) in conflict detection. The N400 component appeared as a pronounced negative wave in centro-parietal regions, indicating its involvement in suppression mechanisms. LPC, in turn, showed higher amplitude during conflict resolution, indicating the mobilization of cognitive resources for task control. Thus, the obtained data supports the theory of two-phase cognitive control, where the early phase (N2) is responsible for conflict detection, the middle phase (N400) is related to interference suppression, and the late phase (LPC) reflects conscious information processing and adaptation. This research complements existing data on the neurophysiological bases of cognitive control and opens avenues for further investigation of individual differences and the influence of external factors on the effectiveness of conflict information processing.

Keywords: conflict processing, anterior cingulate cortex, interference, LPC, N400, N2, electroencephalography, Stroop task, event-related potentials, cognitive control

Abstract: Modern research on transcendental experience has shown its potential impact on personal development. However, the empirical foundation for understanding changes in the system of personal traits remains insufficient. Therefore, it is essential to determine the characteristics of individuals who have undergone a transcendental experience. The article presents the findings of a study on the personal traits of those who have had a transcendental encounter. The study involved a sample of 600 individuals, 300 of whom had experienced a transcendent experience and 300 who had not. The ages ranged from 18 to 78, with an average age of 37. Results indicate that individuals who have had transcendental encounters exhibit certain personality characteristics, including responsibility, openness to novelty, and a desire for self-fulfillment. These individuals also tend to have an internal locus of control and high self-efficacy, as well as the harmonious development of their personal qualities. The study also supports the hypothesis that transcendental experiences have a significant impact on personal growth, leading to positive changes in self-worth and life values. The integrated approach and large sample size used in this research make it a significant contribution to understanding the mechanisms of adaptation and self-realization in relation to transcendental experiences. The results obtained make a significant contribution to the understanding of the relationship between transcendent experience and changes in personality traits. The revealed trends suggest that transcendental experience can act as a factor contributing to the adaptive restructuring of personality, changing both cognitive and emotional aspects and the system of life values. This opens prospects for further study of the role of such experiences in the processes of self-regulation and personal growth.

Keywords: empirical research, personal values, locus of control, change in self-efficacy, life satisfaction, personality traits, personal characteristics, personality, transcendent experience, values

Abstract: The problem of studying the psychological characteristics of the maturity of a volunteer's personality lies in the fact that there are contradictions between maturity as a value of global importance, focused on universal human views and determining the direction of human activity, and insufficient information about the social behavior of groups engaged in volunteer activities. Subject of the study: psychological characteristics of the maturity of a volunteer's personality: social responsibility, self-actualization, altruism and empathy. Research hypotheses: 1) There are differences in the psychological characteristics of the maturity of the personality of volunteers and persons not involved in volunteer activities, which are expressed in higher values for volunteers: - an indicator of social responsibility; - a general indicator of self-actualization, with a predominance of scales of orientation in time, value, the need for knowledge, the desire for creativity; - the level of altruism; - the total indicator of empathy, with a pronounced emotional channel of empathy. 2) The structure of interrelations of social responsibility, altruism, self-actualization and empathy differs between volunteers and people who are not involved in volunteer activities. The following methods were used in the study: the "Scale of social responsibility" by L. Berkowitz and K. Lutterman (according to K. Muzdybaev). Diagnosis of self-actualization of personality A.V. Lazukin's method in adaptation by N.F. Kalin. Diagnosis of the "altruism-egoism" personality attitude Fetikina N.P., Kozlova V.V. and Manuylova G.M. Methodology for diagnosing the level of empathic abilities of V. V. Boyko. The article provides a comparative analysis of the psychological characteristics of the maturity of the personality of volunteers and persons not involved in volunteer activities. Among the psychological characteristics are highlighted: social responsibility, self-actualization, altruism and empathy. As a result of the conducted research, it was revealed that participants in volunteer activities show a high level of altruism and self-actualization compared to people who do not volunteer. There were also differences in the structure of the relationships between these indicators. According to the results of the study, it was concluded that participation in volunteer activities contributes to the development of altruism and self-actualization, and conclusions were drawn about the level of maturity of the volunteers' personality. It can also be concluded that one of the conditions for the psychological development of maturity as a value is the organization of volunteer practices in the educational process.

Keywords: spiritual development, value orientations, voluntary activities, spirituality, self-actualization, altruism, empathy, social responsibility, volunteering, maturity of personality

Abstract: The subject of the research is the relationship between the level of resilience and personal characteristics of the employees of the organization. The object of the research is the resilience of the personality and personal characteristics of the company's employees. The article discusses issues such as the resilience of a personality, how relevant it is now and which personality traits, according to the authors, are most interrelated with the level of resilience of a personality. The article describes how to choose the right psychodiagnostic techniques, what difficulties may arise during the research process, and how to interpret the results correctly. This study was conducted in the private company for 1 year. The total sample size is 200 people. The data were interpreted, systematized, and general conclusions were drawn after the study. Methods of analysis, synthesis and classification were used in the research. The authors of the article used the psychodiagnostic tools of the working employees of the organization. Next, statistical data processing was carried out and conclusions were drawn. The study was conducted in a private company with 200 employees for 1 year. This article reviewed the practice of using the S.Muddy resilience test (adapted by D.A.Leontiev), the Oxford Happiness Inventory, the Volitional Self-Control Questionnaire by A. G. Zverkov and E. V. Eidman, the Uncertainty Tolerance Questionnaire by T.V. Kornilova, the Religiosity Test by Yu.V. Shcherbatykh and the author's questionnaire in the context of studying the resilience and personal characteristics of employees, which are interrelated with resilience. The authors proposed a set of selected psychodiagnostic techniques and a new questionnaire for the diagnosis of resilience and personality traits related to resilience. The data from the correlation analysis were presented in Table 4. This article expands the knowledge base on the study of resilience. The prospect of further research is to develop questions about the relationship between religion and resilience in a more diverse and numerous sample.

Keywords: interpersonal intolerance, author's profile, the test of religiosity, Religion and resilience, tolerance to uncertainty, employee psychodiagnostics, strong-willed self-control, the level of happiness, psychodiagnostics, hardiness

Abstract: Technological progress creates new opportunities for the development of users' cognitive skills. At the same time, the number of questions and problems for most researchers in the field of cognitive psychology is increasing. Innovations, including achievements in neural networks, and their impact on psychological aspects of personality annually attract many scientists and become one of the main subjects of studies. The subject of this paper are texts generated by ChatGPT. Given the rapidly increasing pace of technological innovations, it is important to understand how they affect cognitive processes. Thus, this article aims to reveal the relationship between the use of ChatGPT and critical thinking development. The experiment and content-analysis research methods were chosen, in which questions were asked to the artificial intelligence and the received responses were examined to find correlations between messages and their potential impact on the critical thinking development. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the consideration of a new approach to artificial intelligence as a tool that facilitates the development of the ability to think critically. The study revealed that improving the skill of thinking critically is possible through a group discussion or self-studies, however, in both cases there are disadvantages that make it difficult to achieve this goal and slow down the process: lack of motivation, time, sufficient quantity and quality of examples and arguments, information overload, incompetence or stereotypical thinking. In this regard, being built on large corpuses of text and capable of generating a wide variety of responses, ChatGPT is a tool that stimulates the improvement of analytical and thinking abilities. The virtual assistant's capabilities include composing responses in such a way as to encourage users to evaluate the received data, pose clarifying questions, and analyze different points of view, thereby developing the ability to think critically.

Keywords: Personal development, Artificial intelligence, Technological innovations, ChatGPT, Cognitive psychology, Critical thinking, Personality psychology, Personality, Psychology of thinking, Psychology