Dyakonova, O.G. Regulation of the institution of knowledgeable persons in the Charters of Criminal Judicial Proceedings of Tsar Alexander the II

Abstract: The article concerns the issues of legal regulation of the institution of knowing persons in the legislation of XIX century, namely in the Charter of Criminal Judicial Proceedings and the Charter of Civil Judicial Proceedings of 1864. The analysis concerns the forms of participation of knowledgeable persons in criminal and civil judicial proceedings, legal status (rights, obligations and responsibility) of knowledgeable persons, grounds for their involvement in the judicial proceedings, as well as the opinion of knowledgeable persons, its place and value in the Charters of Judicial Proceedings. Additionally, the attention is paid to the process of development and adoption of the Charters of Judicial Proceedings. The study employed the historic and comparative legal methods, allowing for the analysis of the legal institution of knowledgeable persons in comparison of the provisions from the Charters of Judicial Proceedings of 1864 and the provisions of the modern legislation. The scientific novelty is due to the formulation of the conclusions regarding the value of the provisions of the Charters of Judicial Proceedings of 1864 for the formation and improvement of the legal regulation of the institution of knowledgeable persons in criminal and civil judicial procedures. The author draws a conclusion on the differences in the status of knowledgeable person and of a witness and forms of their participation in the judicial proceedings in XIX and early XX centuries as well as on the unification tendency in the regulation of the institution of knowledgeable persons in civil and criminal judicial proceedings.

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